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This study aims to meticulously map the bibliometric landscape of drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) in clinical research. This represents the first use of bibliometric analysis to comprehensively highlight the evolutionary trends and core themes in this critical field of pharmacology. An exhaustive bibliometric search was performed within the Web of Science Core Collection, aiming to comprehensively gather literature on DDIs in clinical settings. A combination of sophisticated analytical tools including DIKW, VOSviewer, and Citespace was utilized for an in‐depth exploration of bibliometric patterns and trends. Of the 3421 initially identified articles, 2622 were considered relevant. The analysis revealed a marked escalation in DDIs publications, with a peak observed in 2020. Five principal thematic clusters emerged: Safety and Adverse Reactions, Drug Metabolism and Efficacy, Disease and Drug Treatment, Research Methods and Practices, and Special Populations and Combined Medication. Key insights included the escalating significance of drug metabolism in pharmacokinetics, heightened focus on cardiovascular and antiviral therapeutics, and the advancing frontier of personalized medicine. Additionally, the analysis underscored the necessity for strategic attention to vulnerable populations and innovative methodological approaches. This study calls for the global harmonization of research methods in DDIs clinical investigations, advocating for the integration of personalized medicine paradigms and the implementation of cutting‐edge computational analytics. It highlights the imperative for inclusive and collaborative research approaches to adeptly address the intricate challenges of contemporary pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesIn this study, we analyzed the metabonomics of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis (IPBS) and its three concurrent syndromes in patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.MethodsA total of 164 sera of separated outpatients from 12 national tradition Chinese medicine clinical research centers with IPBS or concurrent syndromes were collected for the study and assessed with LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization tandem—mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis.ResultsNon-differential metabolites between IPBS and its separate syndrome combined with the top 100 most abundant metabolites in four groups were screened to reflect the essence of IPBS. Amino acid and its metabolomics and glycerol phospholipids were screened for common metabolites, and these metabolites were mainly enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed that the difference between IPBS and its separate concurrent syndromes was not distinct. Compared with IPBS, anserine, cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine, and 7,8-dihydro-L-biopterin separately significant increase in phlegm stasis and toxin (PST), phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation (PQS), and phlegm stasis and Qi deficiency (PQD). While these different metabolites were associated with histidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and folate biosynthesis. Three accurate identification models were obtained to identify the difference between IPBS and its concurrent syndromes.ConclusionOur study indicated that valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism could represent the essence of IPBS; dysregulated metabolites were valuable in identifying PST from IPBS.

Skin and cancer cell treatments using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) have garnered considerable attention as a technology with fewer side effects. Hence, various schemes have been developed to operate ultrasound transducers with high efficiencies. Class DE power amplifiers operate in zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-derivative switching (ZDS); therefore, high-efficiency operation is possible. However, during the CMOS process, a difference in efficiency arises depending on the gate oxide process, which has not yet been analyzed. In high-power devices, a thick oxide layer is primarily used to prevent breakdown. However, this can lead to a decrease in power efficiency. This study analyzes the overall power consumption for each oxide layer thickness during the AMS H35 CMOS process and compares its efficiency. The results confirm that an output power of approximately 1.8 W and a power efficiency of 94% can be obtained with just a relatively thin gate oxide thickness of approximately 10 nm. Furthermore, an additional power efficiency of approximately 3% can be obtained by reducing only the gate oxide thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual monitoring of the spatial distribution of cultivated land is important for maintaining the ecological environment, achieving a status quo of land resource management, and guaranteeing agricultural production. With the gradual development of remote sensing technology, it has become a common practice to obtain cultivated land boundary information on a large scale with the help of satellite Earth observation images. Traditional land use classification methods are affected by multiple types of land cover, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of cultivated land mapping. In contrast, although the current advanced methods (such as deep learning) can obtain more accurate cultivated land mapping results than traditional methods, such methods often require the use of a massive amount of training samples, large computing power, and highly complex model tuning processes, increasing the cost of mapping and requiring the involvement of more professionals. This has hindered the promotion of related methods in mapping institutions. This paper proposes a method based on time series vector features (MTVF), which uses vector thinking to establish the features. The advantage of this method is that the introduction of vector features enlarges the differences between the different land cover types, which overcomes the loss of mapping accuracy caused by the influences of the spectra of different ground objects and ensures the calculation efficiency. Moreover, the MTVF uses a traditional method (random forest) as the classification core, which makes the MTVF less demanding than advanced methods in terms of the number of training samples. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to carry out cultivated land mapping for 2020 in northern Henan Province, China. The results show that the MTVF has the potential to accurately identify cultivated land. Furthermore, the overall accuracy, producer accuracy, and user accuracy of the overall study area and four sub-study areas were all greater than 90%. In addition, the cultivated land mapping accuracy of the MTVF is significantly better than that of the maximum likelihood, support vector machine, and artificial neural network methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an 8‐bit delay line digital‐to‐time converter (DTC) with pre‐skewing and digital time interpolation. Pre‐skewing that lowers the per‐stage‐delay of delay lines beyond that set by the chosen technology is investigated. A cascode tri‐state inverter is proposed to improve the isolation between the input and output of interpolation cells so as to improve the linearity of the time interpolator. Design considerations that critically affect the linearity of the DTC are examined in detail. The impact of the slope of the inputs of the time interpolator on the latency and linearity of the interpolator is analysed and the maximum slope of the input of interpolators yielding the minimum latency without sacrificing linearity, is obtained. The timing errors of DTC are investigated and the considerations of the layout of the DTC are examined. The DTC is designed in a TSMC 65 nm 1.0 V CMOS technology and analysed using Spectre with BSIM3V3 device models. Post‐layout simulation results show the DTC offers 3.6 ps resolution, 580 MS/s conversion rate, and consumes 383 μW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and analysis of a low‐power multi‐band injection‐locked wireless receiver, implemented in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) 130 nm technology, for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications are presented. The proposed receiver composed of an injection‐locked oscillator (ILO), low‐noise amplifier (LNA), and an envelope detector utilizes non‐coherent detection based on the frequency‐to‐amplitude conversion property of the injection‐locking phenomena. A lock range enhancement method is proposed through analytically and numerically determining the optimum biasing point of the injection transistor. The lock range of divide‐by‐4 super‐harmonic injection‐locking dictated by the third‐order non‐linear coefficient of the injection transistor is first investigated. The receiver applies divide‐by‐4, divide‐by‐2, and fundamental injection to demodulate the frequency‐shift‐key (FSK) and ON/OFF‐key (OOK) modulated signals from 433, 860–868, 902–928, 950–956, and 2360–2400 MHz frequency bands while keeping the power consumption in sub‐mW range. Post‐layout simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design achieves a maximum data rate of 5 Mbps for both FSK and OOK signals. With two modes of operation (high‐band and low‐band), the receiver consumes 762 and 675 μW of static power from a 0.7 V supply, achieving a sensitivity of −77 and −70 dBm at BER of 2 × 10−3. The FOMs for each mode are 152 and 135 pJ/b, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-654-3p, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level affecting malignant tumor behavior. However, the expression levels, function, and mechanism of miR-654-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unknown. Methods: The expression levels of miR-654-3p and SRC in 103 CRC tissues and matched normal colorectal tissues were detected by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-654-3p was overexpressed by RNA mimics and SRC knockdown by siRNA. Function-based experiments were carried out to detect the proliferation and migration abilities in CRC cell lines. Flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate the effect of miR-654-3p on cell apoptosis and cycle distribution. Xenograft tumor models in nude mice were utilized to evaluate miR-654-3p functions in vivo. Dual-fluorescence reporter assay was used to verify the direct binding between miR-654-3p and SRC. Results: miR-654-3p was downregulated in CRC tissues as compared to matched normal colorectal tissues. The expression levels of miR-654-3p were closely associated with distant metastasis. In addition, elevated expression of miR-654-3p in CRC patients prolonged the overall survival. Upregulated miR-654-3p significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC cells by enhancing apoptosis and promoting G0/G1 phase arrest. The direct binding between miR-654-3p and SRC was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, the suppression of proliferation and migration capacity by elevated miR-654-3p level could be reversed by overexpressing SRC. Conclusion: miR-654-3p acts as a tumor suppressor through regulating SRC. It might also serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator and a novel molecular target for CRC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a method was proposed to determine the parameters for each Class DE driver in high-intensity focused ultrasound arrays for efficient operation and to compensate for variations in the impedance of each array element. This work extends that method to consider the effect of switch resistance and to provide limited control on the power delivered to the transducers with a constant supply voltage while keeping a good efficiency. The method is experimentally validated using an integrated driver developed by the authors. This paper also shows that the frequency range for efficient electrical operation is close to the frequency where the transducer array presents a peak in the conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter presents a rotary travelling‐wave oscillator (RTWO) with reliable direction control in a standard 130 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. To achieve low phase noise (PN), and low power consumption, 16‐stages customised transmission line segments are designed and simulated on electromagnetic tools. The PN is investigated through modelling the RTWO as multiple standing‐wave oscillators. The proposed oscillator achieves 11.2% tuning range, 190.3 dBc/Hz figure‐of‐merit (FoM) at 1 MHz offset and 192.3 dBc/Hz FoM at 10 MHz offset with 5.8‐mW power consumption from 16‐GHz carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a Volterra series approach to analyse injection‐locked non‐harmonic oscillators. We show that by depicting the voltage transfer characteristics of comparators using hyperbolic tangent functions, non‐harmonic oscillators can be analysed analytically using a set of Volterra circuits that are linear, have the same topology and element values but different inputs. We further show that the larger lock range of non‐harmonic oscillators as compared with that of their harmonic counterparts is because of the harsher non‐linear characteristics of these oscillators and the lower‐order attenuation of the high‐order frequency components of the oscillators. The reduced non‐linear characteristics of ring oscillators because of the absence of positive feedback also gives rise to a smaller lock range as compared with relaxation oscillators. These theoretical findings are validated using both the simulation results of relaxation oscillators and ring oscillators designed in IBM 130 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and the measurement results of ring oscillators implemented using commercial ICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief presents a phasor-domain study of the lock range of harmonic oscillators with multiple injections. The intrinsic relation between the lock range of harmonic oscillators with multiple injections and that with a single injection is obtained. We show that harmonic oscillators with multiple injections exhibit a larger lock range as compared with those with single injection if the phase of the injection signals is properly chosen. We further show that the maximum lock range provided by dual injections is twice that provided by a single injection. The findings are verified using LC oscillators with a single injection and dual injections designed in IBM 130-nm 1.2-V CMOS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief investigates the lock range of injection-locked LC oscillators using a linear control system approach. It explores the intrinsic relation between the lock range of injection-locked LC oscillators and the injection-induced variation of the impedance of the LC tank. We show that injection-locked active-inductor LC oscillators exhibit a larger lock range, as compared with their passive counterparts. We further show that the large lock range of injection-locked active-inductor oscillators is due to both the low quality factor and the large injection-induced variation of the inductance of active inductors. These findings are validated using an injection-locked passive LC oscillator and an injection-locked active-inductor LC oscillator designed in IBM 0.13- \mu\m 1.2-V CMOS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A charge‐domain downconversion sampling mixer with an embedded four‐path bandpass filter for band selection and a sinc3 finite impulse response (FIR) and a first‐order sinc FIR with a decimation of 4 for channel selection is proposed to provide sufficient attenuation of out‐of‐band blockers and aliasing interferences. The sampling mixer designed in an IBM 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS with a 100 MHz input exhibits an 80 dB suppression of aliasing interferences and a 57 dB stopband attenuation while consuming 1.08 mA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]