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Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative epileptic seizure on postoperative mood and muscle strength during awake anesthesia (AA) for the resection of gliomas. Methods A total of 90 patients with glioma admitted to Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2020 to September 2022 were collected and divided into general anesthesia group (GA group, n = 30), awake anesthesia without intraoperative epileptic seizure group (AA group, n = 30), and awake anesthesia with intraoperative epileptic seizure group (AA + IE group, n = 30) according to the anesthesia method and the presence of intraoperative epileptic seizure. Patients' mood and muscle strength changes were assessed preoperatively and one week postoperatively by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and muscle strength division method. Results The differences in HAMD score (F = 9.985, P = 0.000) and muscle strength (F = 4.472, P = 0.014) at one week postoperatively were statistically significant among 3 groups. HAMD score was increased in AA group (q = 3.177, P = 0.014) and AA + IE group (q = 9.468, P = 0.000) when compared with GA group. HAMD scores was increased in AA + IE group (q = 6.290, P = 0.003) when compared with AA group. Postoperative muscle strength of AA group (q = 9.172, P = 0.006) and AA + IE group (q = 5.310, P = 0.000) was increased when compared with GA group. Muscle strength of AA + IE group was decreased compared with AA group (q = 3.862, P = 0.007). Conclusions Awake anesthesia can aggravate postoperative depression, but improve muscle strength. Intraoperative epileptic seizure can aggravate postoperative depression and decrease muscle strength. A reasonable preventive treatment plan needs to be developed in advance to reduce the incidence of intraoperative epileptic seizure.

Objective To compare the differences between the gray matter structures of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with limb-onset and bulbar-onset. Methods A total of 35 ALS patients with normal cognitive function were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital ALS Registry Platform from September 2013 to March 2018, and 20 healthy controls with matched age and education were included in the study. ALS patients were divided into limb-onset group (ALS-L group, n = 20) and bulbar-onset group (ALS-B group, n = 15) according to their clinical onset sites. Three-dimensional T1-fast spoiled gradient-recalled (3D-T1-FSPGR) of all subjects was collected. Gray matter volume of each group were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Within the compound region of interest (ROI) consisting of bilateral primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, the atrophy patterns of the motor cortex were compared between ALS-L group and ALS-B group. Results Compared with the control group, the ALS-L group had decreased gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus-temporal pole (t = 3.932, uncorrected P < 0.001), left middle temporal gyrus (t = 3.836, uncorrected P < 0.001), right insula (t = 3.992, uncorrected P < 0.001). Compared with the ALS-B group, the ALS-L group had decreased gray matter volume in the right superior frontal gyrus (t = -3.158, uncorrected P < 0.001), left cingulate gyrus (t = -3.002, uncorrected P < 0.001). In the analysis of the motor cortex as ROI, the gray matter volume of the segments representing hand (t = 2.237, uncorrected P < 0.001) and lower limb (t = 2.728, uncorrected P < 0.001) of the left motor cortex in the ALS-L group was reduced significantly than that of ALS-B group. Conclusions ALS-L has more significant gray matter atrophy than ALS-B, and the local atrophy pattern of motor cortex in ALS patients corresponds to its functional disability.

By adding a longitudinal AC magnetic field and using HS201 pure copper wire as the filler metal, TIG butt joint experiments were conducted on T2 copper and Q235 steel plates, both with the thickness of 2 mm, to study the joint formation, organization and mechanical properties when the magnetic field was added. The results show that the surface of weld zone is formed well after adding magnetic field. The best technological parameter is as follows: when welding current I=95 A, welding speed v=95 mm/min, magnetic field frequency f=25~35 Hz, magnetic field current IE=0.4~0.6 A, the mechanical properties of the joint is good, and the maximum tensile strength is 223.5 MPa, which is 44.5% higher than that without magnetic field. Copper-steel TIG welding joint is mainly divided into steel-HAZ, fusion zone, weld zone and copper-HAZ. After the addition of AC magnetic field, the morphology of ferrite in steel side heat affected zone changes from massive to needle like and lateral strip; the microstructure of weld zone changes from cellular crystal to fine and uniform cellular dendrite; the microstructure of copper-HAZ is obviously refined. After adding magnetic field, the types of phases in the fusion zone and weld zone of the joint have no change, which are composed of (α-Fe)+(ε-Cu); the solute segregation in the fusion zone is improved, and the (α-Fe)+(ε-Cu) particles change from coarse dispersion to fine aggregation; the microstructure of the weld zone is refined and its uniformity is obviously improved, which makes the hardness gradient of fusion zone and weld zone relatively decrease.

Al-Li alloys are ideal structural materials for the aerospace industry. However, an increasing number of Al-Li alloys have reached the end of their service life and must be recycled. Unfortunately, when vacuum distillation is used to separate Al-Li alloys, metallic lithium is difficult to condense and collect. Therefore, theoretical and experimental research on lithium condensation conditions under vacuum and vacuum distillation and condensation of Al-Li alloy to prepare metallic lithium were carried out. The results show that the optimal condensation temperature range for lithium is between 523 and 560 K. More than 99.5% metallic lithium and more than 99.97% aluminum were obtained from the Al-7.87%wt Li alloy through vacuum distillation condensation. The direct yield of lithium was above 80%. This paper, therefore, provides a new and improved method for the preparation of metallic lithium.

The composite bonded-bolted hybrid joint (BBHJ) is widely focused and developed in aerospace and aviation fields for its full consideration of advantages of bolt and bonded joint. In this review, the relative research development of this BBHJ in composite structures at home and abroad is thoroughly summarized. Focusing on enhancing load sharing and structure bearing ability, the research status, research development and related achievements are introduced from the aspects of composite repairing and damage tolerance, forming process and force-transferring route, parametric influence and load sharing, adhesive de-bonding inhibition and multi-bolt load sharing, and the bearing strength prediction. The existing problems, probable solutions and future developing direction of this joint style is further discussed in order to provide useful reference for the further application of BBHJ in composite structure.

Objective To evaluate the training intensity and fatigue level after 5 km armed off-road training in army special operations forces (SOF), and to screen sensitive indicators for fatigue evaluation. Methods Twenty soldiers at professional posts were collected from a SOF unit during May and June 2018 by simple random sampling. They conducted a training of 5 km armed off-road strictly according to the assessment criteria of SOF. Their fatigue indexes were collected before and after training, and the results were compared and analyzed. A survey questionnaire about training conditions was conducted on 44 officers and 420 soldiers selected from a SOF unit by cluster sampling. The fatigue levels of different SOF training subjects was quantitatively scored and ranked. Results ① Compared with the resting values before 5 km armed off-road training, the peripheral blood level of lactic acid (P < 0.001) was increased significantly, while the pH value of saliva was decreased obviously after training (P=0.013). ② Their heart rate (P < 0.001) and blood perfusion index (P=0.015) were elevated remarkably, but the oxygen saturation was reduced (P < 0.001) after training. ③No significant differences were found in the handgrip strengths of the dominant and non-dominant hands and skin space thresholds before and after the training. ④The training reduced the indicators of neurobehavioral ability, such as memory scanning (P=0.030), visual attention span (P=0.007) and curve fitting ability index (P=0.001) in the subjects when compared with the data before training. ⑤Among the 16 training subjects, there were 6 SOF training subjects causing higher fatigue level than that of 5 km armed off-road training. Conclusion Five-kilometer armed off-road training is an activity of sub-severe intensity. Blood lactic acid, saliva pH value, heart rate, oxygen saturation, visual attention span, and curve fitting ability index can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate the training fatigue of soldiers in SOF.

Objective To evaluate the training intensity and fatigue level after 400-meter barrier training in army special operations force (SOF), and to screen sensitive indicators for fatigue evaluation. Methods Twenty soldiers at professional posts were collected from a SOF unit during May and June 2018 by simple random sampling. They conducted a training of 400-meter barrier strictly according to the assessment criteria of SOF. Their fatigue indexes were collected before and after training. Results ① Compared with the resting level before 400-meter barrier training, the lactic acid level in the peripheral blood was increased significantly (P < 0.000 1). But there was no statistical difference in the pH value of saliva between pre- and post-training; ②Compared with the resting levels before training, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were elevated significantly after training (P < 0.000 1), but the blood perfusion index and oxygen saturation were decreased remarkably (P < 0.000 1, P=0.001 5); ③ Training showed no effect on the handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hands and skin space thresholds; ④ The training reduced the indicators of neurobehavioral ability, such as visual attention span (P=0.038 4), but no such difference was seen in the other indexes. ⑤ The 400-meter barrier training showed better effectiveness on the improvement of heart rate and pulse pressure when compared with 5-kilometer armed off-road training (P=0.043 7, P < 0.000 1). Conclusion The 400-meter barrier training is an activity of severe intensity and can cause a higher fatigue level than 5-kilometer armed off-road training. Blood lactic acid, heart rate, pulse pressure, oxygen saturation and visual attention span can be used as sensitive indicators to evaluate the training fatigue in SOF soldiers after 400-meter barrier training.

Objective To investigate the status of fatigue in the army special operations forces (SOF) and its relationship with occupational specialties. Methods A total of 203 operators at special positions were recruited from SOF divisions. Their fast venous blood and urine samples were collected in the next morning after regular military training. Hemoglobin (HB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea acid (UA), creatine (CRE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and microscale albuminuria (MAU) were measured and evaluated according to medical reference ranges and suitable restored limits recommended by National Bureau of Sports, so as to reflect the status of fatigue. The levels in the SOF group were compared to our data of HB, CRE, CPK and LDH levels in 162 non-SOF soldiers collected 7 years ago. The differences of the 7 biomarkers among the different SOF positions, and the correlation of these biomarkers with the occurrence of training-related injuries (strain and laceration) were analyzed. Results In the SOF operators, 17.2%, 2.5%, 34.0%, 0%, 78.3%, 14.3% and 21.1% of them had abnormalities when compared with the medical reference ranges for HB, BUN, UA, CRE, CPK and LDH, respectively, and even 32.5%, 0.0%, 57.1% and 11.3% of them separately had their HB, BUN, CPK and LDH values beyond the restored values in professional athletes after exercise. There were more SOF operators having abnormal HB and UA values than the soldiers from non-SOF force (proportions beyond medical reference ranges for HB: 1.3% and UA: 6.8%, and 12.3% of them beyond the restored value)(P < 0.001). Significant differences were seen in the CPK, LDH and MAU values among the operators of different SOF positions, and scouts had higher levels in multiple biomarkers. The CPK level was positively correlated with UA (P=0.013), LDH (P < 0.001) and MAU (P=0.015), and that of CRE was with BUN (P < 0.001) and UA (P < 0.001). Among the SOF operators with repetitive strain or laceration injuries, they had higher proportions of CPK and LDH abnormalities (both P < 0.05). Conclusion There are large proportion of the SOF operators having abnormal multiple biomarkers for fatigue status when compared with the medical references and the returned values in professional athletes after exercise. The fatigue status of scouts is at a high level in all specialties, and CPK and LDH may have potential to monitor the fatigue status in them.

Objective To observe the effect of benzo[a]pyrene-r-7, t-8-dihydrodiol-t-9, 10-epoxide(±), (anti) (BPDE) on testosterone synthesis from mouse Leydig cells, and investigate the potential mechanism involved mitochondrial damage. Methods TM3 mouse Leydig cells were treated with various doses of BPDE for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue assay. Then the doses under the lethal dose were selected according to results of cell viability. After TM3 cells were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 nmol/L BPDE for 48 h, testosterone concentration in the medium, mitochondrial ultrastructure of TM3 cells, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and expression levels of PGC-1α, COX Ⅳ, StAR and TSPO were measured through ELISA kit for testosterone, transmission electron microscopy, JC-1 probe, ATP detection kit, quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, TM3 cells were pre-treated with 5 μmol/L ZLN005, a regulator to protect mitochondrial function and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Then, after 24 h, these pre-treated cells were treated with 100 nmol/L BPDE for 48 h, the indicators above were determined in the same ways. Results BPDE at the doses of 25, 50, 100 nmol/L had no significantly effect on cell viability of TM3 cells. Compared to control cells, 50 and 100 nmol/L BPDE reduced testosterone synthesis by 21.15% and 34.96%, respectively (P < 0.01), and also induced mitochondrial structure and function, including alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure, and appreciable decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP production and mitochondrial DNA copy number (P < 0.05). What's more, the levels of proteins related to mitochondrial function, COX Ⅳ and to mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, and the key proteins for testosterone synthesis, StAR and TSPO, were all reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to TM3 cells treated with 100 nmol/L BPDE alone, pre-treatment with 5 μmol/L ZLN005 for 24 h significantly elevated testosterone level in the medium (P < 0.05). Notable restores of the indicators above were observed in the TM3 cells pre-treated with ZLN005, including mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP production, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and protein levels of COX Ⅳ, PGC-1α, StAR and TSPO (P < 0.05). Conclusion BPDE induces reduction of testosterone synthesis via mitochondrial compromise. Protecting mitochondria could alleviate BPDE-induced mitochondrial damage and reduction of testosterone synthesis.

Visible-light communication (VLC) stands as a promising component of the future communication network by providing high-capacity, low-latency, and high-security wireless communication. Superluminescent diode (SLD) is proposed as a new light emitter in the VLC system due to its properties of droop-free emission, high optical power density, and low speckle-noise. In this paper, we analyze a VLC system based on SLD, demonstrating effective implementation of carrierless amplitude and phase modulation (CAP). We create a low-complexity memory-polynomial-aided neural network (MPANN) to replace the traditional finite impulse response (FIR) post-equalization filters of CAP, leading to significant mitigation of the linear and nonlinear distortion of the VLC channel. The MPANN shows a gain in Q factor of up to 2.7 dB higher than other equalizers, and more than four times lower complexity than a standard deep neural network (DNN), hence, the proposed MPANN opens a pathway for the next generation of robust and efficient neural network equalizers in VLC. We experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-concept 2.95-Gbit/s transmission using MPANN-aided CAP with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) through a 30-cm channel based on the 442-nm blue SLD emitter.

BackgroundWhen the activation method is used to measure the irradiated thermal neutron fluence of single-crystal silicon neutron transmutation doping, the measured value may have a certain deviation due to the difference in the curve shapes of the target reaction cross-section as a function of neutron energy between activated detector and silicon.PurposeThis study aims to suppress the measurement influence caused by reaction cross-section difference between activation detector and silicon, and to reduce the measurement deviation.MethodsBased on the Stoughton-Halperin convention relation, the binary first-order equations solution method and a linear least-squares fitting method were established. A variety of activation detectors and their combinations were applied to experimental measurement to verify their feasibility. These activation detectors were placed in the irradiation facility and irradiated in the Minjiang test reactor at Sichuan province. Finally, all of detectors were taken out from the reactor, and the radioactive activity was measured by high purity germanium γ spectrometer.ResultsThe results show that obvious differences exist in the measurement values of different activated detectors at the same position, and the measurement deviation based on suitable detector combination is greatly reduced to be less than 3% by using above two methods.ConclusionsThe two methods proposed in this study can effectively suppress the influence of the reaction cross-section difference on measurement. The equation method has certain advantages over the least-square method with only two kinds of compulsory detectors, it can also be applied to other thermal neutron irradiation samples.

To investigate the effect of mortar composition on visco-elastic response of asphalt mixture, The Asphalt Mixture Performance Test (SPT) was conducted on several asphalt mixtures for different ratios of filler to asphalt (F/A) , fiber dosage and proportion of cement instead of mineral powder. The effect of F/A, fiber dosage and and proportion of cement replacement on visco-elastic mechanical parameters (dynamic modulus and phase angle) of asphalt mixtures are analyzed. The results indicate that the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures increases first and then decreases with the increases in F/A and fiber dosage. And the more significant differences in these dynamic moduli appear at the higher the load frequency. The asphalt mixture with the lowest F/A has the biggest phase angle, and the difference in the phase angles of those asphalt mixtures is not significant. The changes of phase angle have a close relationship with the load frequency. The resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt mixture can be greatly enhanced by adding fiber. The effect of cement instead of mineral powder on the viscoelastic property of asphalt mixture is relatively small, while the resistance to high-temperature deformation of asphalt mixture can be improved to some extent.