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The emergence and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to many or all anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs require the development of new compounds both efficient and with minimal side effects. Structure-activity-toxicity relationships of such novel, structurally diverse compounds must be thoroughly elucidated before further development. Here, we present the aroylhydrazone compounds (3a and 3b) regarding their: (i) acute and subacute toxicity in mice; (ii) redox-modulating in vivo and in vitro capacity; (iii) pathomorphology in the liver, kidney, and small intestine tissue specimens; and (iv) intestinal permeability. The acute toxicity test showed that the two investigated compounds exhibited low toxicity by oral and intraperitoneal administration. Changes in behavior, food amount, and water intake were not observed during 14 days of the oral administration at two doses of 1/10 and 1/20 of the LD50. The histological examination of the different tissue specimens did not show toxic changes. The in vitro antioxidant assays confirmed the ex vivo results. High gastrointestinal tract permeability at all tested pH values were demonstrated for both compounds. To conclude, both compounds 3a and 3b are highly permeable with low toxicity and can be considered for further evaluation and/or lead optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[ h ]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde terminal substituted aroylhydrazone ligands (2-Oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[ h ]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde(2′-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazine, H 2 L1, 1 , 2-Oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[ h ]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde(2′-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazine, H 2 L2, 2 , 2-Oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[ h ]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde(2′-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazine, H 2 L3, 3 ) and the corresponding novel copper(II) complexes [Cu(L)(CH 3 OH)(NO 3 )](L = HL1 ( 4 ), HL2 ( 5 ), HL3 ( 6-6 + ), have been synthesized to compare their coordination behaviour and biological activity with respect to the presence of an OH group in different positions of the phenyl ring in the hydrazone moieties. The new ligands and their copper complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structures of the new complexes 4 and 6-6 + were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The interactions of the free ligands and their copper complexes with calf thymus DNA were tested by absorption measurements and ethidium bromide competitive studies which revealed that all compounds may interact with calf thymus DNA through intercalation. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the cytotoxic effect of the compounds on a panel of human cancer cell lines showed that the copper complexes exhibited in vitro antitumor activity significantly higher than that of the free ligands and also of cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]