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Introduction This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two endodontic cleaning techniques, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and the XP-endo Finisher R (XPR) system, in removing residual filling material during endodontic retreatment procedures. Materials and Methods: Forty mandibular premolars with oval canals were divided into four groups based on the sealer used (AH-Plus or Bio-C Sealer) and the cleaning technique employed (PUI or XPR). To ensure uniformity of canal volume among groups, initial micro-CT scans were conducted. The canals were instrumented, filled, and then re-instrumented before undergoing either PUI or XPR cleaning techniques. Residual filling material volumes were assessed through micro-CT scans, and statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Following instrumentation, there was no significant difference in residual filling material volumes between AH-Plus and Bio-C Sealer groups (1.35 mm³ and 1.02 mm³, respectively; P>0.05). However, after supplementary cleaning techniques, XPR-cleaned specimens exhibited significantly less residual material compared to PUI-cleaned specimens (0.01 mm³ and 0.29 mm³ for Bio-C Sealer, and 0.07 mm³ and. 0.30 mm³ for AH-Plus, P<0.05). Conclusion: The XPR system was found to be more effective than PUI in removing residual filling material from Bio-C Sealer-filled root canals. This highlights its potential as a useful supplementary cleaning technique in endodontic retreatment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eccentric instruments have been proposed as more effective and less time‐consuming for endodontic instrumentation. Aim: To compare biomechanical outcomes of different instrumentation systems and time undertaken for instrumentation in resin prototypes. Design: Sixty standardized prototypes of mandibular second primary molars were instrumented according to the following systems: K‐files, ProTaper Next (PTN), XP‐endo Shaper (XPS), XP‐endo Finisher (XPF), XP–Clean (XPC), and Sequence Baby File (SBF; n = 10/each). Irrigation was performed with saline with simultaneous aspiration, and time spent was recorded. The prototypes were micro‐CT‐scanned before and after the instrumentation, and image sets were reconstructed and registered. Non‐instrumented areas, accumulated debris, removed root material volume, and canal transportation were quantified. Data were analyzed through ANOVA, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (α = 5%). Results: K‐files and SBF resulted in more instrumentation time (p <.05). SBF, XPC and PTN removed less root dentine (p <.05), but PTN left more untouched areas (p <.05). Accumulated debris were lower for XPC and SBF (p <.05). Canal transportation was similar among the groups. Conclusion: Rotary systems reduced instrumentation time, whereas SBF and XPC resulted in more conservative instrumentation, with less debris accumulation and non‐instrumented areas. A dedicated paediatric endodontic system (SBF) outperformed eccentric instruments in terms of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]