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Objectives. The aim of this study is to present a Czech adaptation of original American Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) to demonstrate the equivalence of basic psychometric properties of the original and the adapted version (PICTS-cz), and to test relations of the test scores with age, education, and criminal history characteristics. Analyzed sample consisted of 586 male prisoners aged 19-66 years (Med = 35; SD = 9,81) sentenced to prison for different types of criminal activities. Data collection was provided by prison psychologists in 13 penitentiary institutions in the Czech Republic. Results. Our results showed that psychometric properties of Czech version (e.g. internal consistency, interitem correlation, factor structure, scale scores correlations with relevant characteristics of the respondents) are comparable with the original version. Study limitations. Unrealized empirical validation studies, test-retest reliability testing and reverse translation to original language represent main limitations of this study. Sample selection strategy was determined by specifics of the data collection in prison environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper surveys a number of prison inmates with dyslexia. Various foreign studies have proven a link between dyslexia and criminality. They show a higher incidence of dyslexia among prisoners. A similar research was conducted between 2012 and 2013 in Horní Slavkov prison. A sample involved 113 respondents aged 22-65. Data were collected via Raven Standard Progressive Matrices, personal history questionnaires, interviews, and a complex assessment battery on specific learning difficulties. The results in the Czech prison also demonstrated a significantly higher rate of individuals with dyslexia among the imprisoned than in standard population. The sample included 34% of individuals with dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented research study captures almost four decades of ongoing longitudinal research of the personality of juvenile delinquents imprisoned at the time. The study has been conducted from the end of 1970s until the first decade of the 21st century. It gives a comprehensive depiction of the personality of juvenile perpetrators based on analyses of anamnesis, sociodemographic data and criminal activity, which were obtained from individual research samples at the end of 1970s (1979), the end of 1980s (1989), the first half of 1990s (1994) and the first decade of the 21st century (2005). The research material allows for analysis and comparison both between the samples of the individual research stages (juvenile delinquents vs non-delinquents -- apprentices and students) and between the stages themselves, comprising 4 samples of juvenile delinquents, totalling 369 subjects, and non-delinquents, 234 in total. The research sample as a whole therefore includes 603 subjects compared in situations which are extraordinary and unique in their sociological and sociopsychological contexts. The results presented here are a part of wider penological research regarding the specific issues in classification and penitentiary differentiation of both juvenile and adult convicts. This research is thoroughly described and summarized in the rigorous thesis (FF UK Praha, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Monatsschrift fuer Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This overview study compiles information from foreign researches dealing with the development of lying behaviour in children; especially with the early lie production and it detection, functions of children's lies and moral judgements of lying. The investigated studies have shown that children as young as three years begin to lie in a variety of situations even though they evaluate lying negatively. Attention is paid to intercultural differences in lying behaviour that affect situations when lying occurs. Such knowledge is beneficial for the development of educational programmes and for the assessment of statements given by children crime witnesses/victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]