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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histoire et Societes Rurales is the property of Association Histoire et Societes Rurales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 2012, the ‘Inventaire général du Patrimoine culturel’, a heritage inventory service under the auspices of the Normandy regional council, has been documenting and studying contemporary artworks, created in the framework of the “1 % artistique” programme - a legal obligation in France, founded in 1951, whereby one percent of the budget of public buildings must be devoted to works of art. When architects are appointed for the design of a public building, their mission includes the elaboration of a decorative programme and the choice of the artists to carry it out. This decorative project is presented to a special committee responsible for studying such projects in public buildings, which then approves (or does not approve) the artwork proposed. Ninety-six artworks have been created between 1954 and 1986 for 67 public Lycées (secondary school for 15 to 18 year-olds) in the Calvados, Manche and Orne departments. Some of them are the result of a harmonious collaboration between artists and architects, helped by associations already established, the mutual appreciation of each other’s work, the awareness of the legal obligations of the 1 % programme, the involvement of the stakeholders, or thanks to mutual respect. For other commissions, the dialogue between artists and architects was more complicated. Negative opinions of the committee responsible for the study of the decoration projects in public buildings have sometimes led to a lack of enthusiasm or even a renunciation on the part of the artists and architects. The interventions of the local authorities, interceding on behalf a particular artist or against a particular proposal, have also led to a refusal to carry out the commission or to the permanent abandonment of decorative artworks.

Although motivated by the failure of private telecom operators and notwithstanding the emphasis on public interventions to enhance bridging the digital divide, many local policies are in fact congruent with the rise of neoliberalism and entrepreneurialism in rural areas, like in the French département of la Manche. Thus, these policies construct a particular vision of rural modernity who doesn’t coincide with the practices of rural dwellers, especially the poorest minorities.

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the evacuation of about 30,000 Belgian refugees to Great Britain at the end of August 1914 during World War I. The article discusses topics including the organization of the French military in response to German advances on French territory, navigation tactics, and the actions of the French navy.

The study begun for the purposes of legal protection in conformance with ancient memorials allowed to establish synthetic material global relative to the reconstruction of the religious buildings by replacing it in its historic and economic local context. The typological analysis revealed a big formal explosion offering very characteristic, architectural variety and experimentation of the stylistic hesitances in the architecture of the 1950s. The art of stained-glass window making found a privileged position through research always more plastic around the lighting of the church. The conclusion will try to bring in the form of synthesis a contribution to a legitimate interrogation: can we speak about a « style » of the reconstruction?

Three cartularies were written by the chapter of Coutances in the XIVth century, as the "misfortunes of time" had endangered the conservation of the charters. After the disappearance of the cartularies A and C in the early XIXth century, the cartulary B became a true monument in the eyes of the diocesan archivists. It was therefore copied several times. These copies enabled me to edit the cartulary B after its destruction during the bombings of 1944. The cartulary is rather voluminous. It covers a wide chronological period, from the duke William to the XVth century, and a vast geographical area, which also reveals the economic interests of the chapter. Its composition is interesting, especially – by what it says – for the writer’s methodology. We may regret that some charters are fairly stereotypical, but many others will be of special interest to historians.

As well as joyous liberation, the aftermath of the American landing on Utah Beach in 1944 brought death and destruction to localities throughout the Manche, the westernmost département of Normandy. This article, which forms part of a larger project on post-war revival and reconstruction, examines how eye witnesses recorded these horrific events and then explores the complex ‘emergency phase’ that involved local civilian labour, migrants from elsewhere in France and prisoners of war in erecting temporary accommodation, and removing mines and other explosives. Parallel with these manual tasks came claims for compensation and preparation of plans for rationalizing and rebuilding war-torn towns, villages and farmsteads. Shortages of building materials, appropriate labour and sufficient funds prolonged the process. Now, the scars of destruction have healed, the emergency phase is largely forgotten, and the legacy of post-war reconstruction in the landscape of Normandy is simply taken for granted by most residents and tourists. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the surveying and map-making work of the French engineers, and brothers, Nicolas and Jean Mangin, from Fécamp, France, who worked from 1696 to 1720 as surveyors of the English Channel coastline from the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel to the French port of Calais. The article discusses examples of their work, which paid particular attention to ports and the archives where the maps are located. These maps are believed to be important due to their contribution to maritime history and the history of cartography.

The distribution of intertidal macrozoobenthos in the ‘Baie des Veys’ (French coast of the eastern English Channel) has been studied in 2000. Results were compared with those of 1985, which are included in a long-term monitoring program established since 1973. The populations remained distributed along an estuarine-marine gradient, with a particularity on the eastern side, which is isolated from the rest of the bay by a river channel. The western and central tidal flats became more subjected by marine influence, which led to a homogenisation of the benthic communities. Oyster farming locally caused a fast decrease of the typical eastern community, which was characterized by Scoloplos armiger and Urothoe poseidonis. To cite this article: O. Timsit et al., C. R. Biologies 327 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Annals of Telecommunications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)