Search

Este trabajo, mediante el uso de técnicas de investigación cualitativas -entrevistas semi-estructuradas a personas dependientes, cuidadores formales e informales y empleados públicos, privados o del tercer sector-, tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias y similitudes existentes en las posiciones discursivas sobre cómo se efectúa la provisión de cuidados a los mayores dependientes en función de hábitat de residencia. Los resultados muestran que la inexistencia o inadecuación de recursos formales en los municipios rurales origina relatos que resaltan el peso de las atenciones familiares precisadas por los mayores dependientes. A su vez, la tradicional red informal de cuidados se percibe como debilitada en las zonas rurales debido al envejecimiento, los procesos migratorios campo-ciudad y las transformaciones sociales, familiares y culturales acontecidas desde el último tercio del siglo XX.

Main family carers dedication, commitment, compassion and courage, allow elders dependents to remain in its family environment. Nevertheless, in many cases, the continuance at home is reached at the expense of a significant physical weakening and a notorious psychological debilitation of the main carer. In many occasions, the main carer task is a daily and continuous job that requires full time dedication. As a consequence, many carers of elder family members suffer an important physical and psychological overload. Group dynamics for carers of older people tries to repair the psychological damage caused by the stress producing factors of its life as carers and to re-establish a better adaptation to the caring situation. To achieve this, the group dynamics generates a facilitating environment for the psychological and emotional ventilation and relief. Also, the group creates a safe and trusting environment that facilitates analysis and awareness of carers situation and responses to the task and load of caring.

Objetivo: El objetivo del presenta estudio es el desarrollo y validación de una escala para medir la dedicación al cuidado en personas cuidadoras de mayores dependientes, en la esfera de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria (comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, España). Participantes: Muestra probabilística de 200 personas cuidadoras de familiares mayores dependientes de la comarca cordobesa del Alto Guadalquivir. Mediciones principales: Validación de contenido por expertos, validez de constructo (mediante análisis factorial exploratorio), validez divergente y fiabilidad (consistencia interna, estabilidad y concordancia interobservadores). Resultados: El valor del alfa de Cronbach fue 0,86. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase para la fiabilidad test-retest fue de 0,96 y para la concordancia interobservadores fue de 0,88. Al dividir la muestra en 2 grupos en función del nivel de sobrecarga (presencia y ausencia), la puntuación de la escala fue significativamente diferente en cada grupo (p = 0,001). El análisis factorial reveló la existencia de un único factor que explicaba el 64% de la varianza. Conclusiones: La escala desarrollada permite una adecuada medición de la dedicación al cuidado en la esfera de las ABVD en personas cuidadoras de mayores dependientes, ya que es un instrumento de fácil y rápida administración, que es bien aceptado por las personas cuidadoras, presenta adecuados resultados psicométricos y se ajusta a la frecuencia de dedicación, al tipo de necesidad atendida y al nivel de dependencia de cada necesidad.

As shown by qualitative studies, care provision in Spain is mostly provided by the family, and in particular, by women. The feminisation of care is more evident in rural areas, where it can influence the decisions related to the use of formal resources. However, the rural population has gone through important socio-demographic and work transformations in the last few decades, which affect the availability of women to provide informal care for dependant elderly people. These changes have resulted in difficulties regarding the provision of informal care by women of the inbetween generation, or support generation, who are the main pillar in rural life. This generation, though greatly diminished in their numbers due to migration processes, is devoted to production, childrearing, the dynamisation of local life and care for the elderly. The purpose of this work is to asses, by means of qualitative research techniques (semi-structured interviews), up to what point the new realities are producing changes in the strategies to provide care for dependant elderly people in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify and analyze the motives that lead people to take care of a dependent relative and their perceptions of the care situation., Design: Phenomenological qualitative study., Location: The study was conducted in the Jaén-Norte Sanitary District, during 2013 and 2014., Participants: A total of 13 primary caregivers of dependent elderly relatives with a minimum experience of one year in care participated, selected by intentional sampling., Method: Discourse analysis of 13 in-depth interviews considering the semantic and pragmatic content and field notes. Triangulation was performed in the analysis to favor the credibility of the study., Results: The motives for caring for a dependent relative are:'Familism','Material gains' and'Social pressure'. In turn, the'Familism' include 7 dimensions/motives:'Family obligation','Affection to the person taken care of','Return the received','Well-being of the person taken care of','Respect to the decision of the person taken care of','Agreement','Habit'. When the main motive to take care of is the'Family obligation', the'Material gains' or the'Social pressure' caregivers do not manifest positive perceptions for caring, and vice versa., Conclusion: This study has identified that'Familism','Material gains' and'Social pressure' are reasons why people care for a dependent relative in our sociocultural environment, as well as the relationship with the perception of the care situation. This will facilitate the identification of caregivers with greater predisposition to suffer negative consequences for caring and the development of interventions aimed at the prevention of such consequences., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the sense of coherence and subjective overload, anxiety and depression in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives., Method: Cross-sectional study in an area of the province of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 caregivers of dependent elderly., Main Measures: sense of coherence (Life Orientation Questionnaire), subjective burden (Caregiver Strain Index), anxiety and depression (Goldberg Scale), objective burden (Dedication to Care Scale), sex and kinship. Main analyses: bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression., Results: Most of the caregivers studied were women (86.4%), daughter or son of the care recipient (74.2%) and shared home with the latter (69.7%). When controlling for objective burden, sex and kinship, we found that the sense of coherence was inversely related to subjective burden (β = -0.46; p <0.001), anxiety (β = -0.57; p = 0.001) and depression (β = -0.66; p <0.001)., Conclusions: The sense of coherence might be an important protective factor of subjective burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives., (Copyright © 2017 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: In Spain, there is very little institutional training in bioethics for healthcare professionals, and even less tools for measuring ethical attitudes. The objective of this study was the design and validation of a brief measure of ethical attitudes, collecting general attitudes of healthcare professionals in their daily practice with the dependent elderly., Material and Methods: After drawing up a list of 42 items around the principles of bioethical autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, justice, and non-maleficence, a committee of experts selected 31 items. A total of 191 health care professionals with a mean age of 43.8 years (SD=11.3), including 150 (78.5%) women and 41 (21.5%) men, and with experience in the field of dependence. responded to the online questionnaire. Model fit was studied using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used for the analysis of internal consistency., Results: A model of 2independent scales with adjusted goodness-of-fit index was observed. Autonomy scale (4 items related to this principle) explained 83% of the variance (P=.005), with χ 2 /gl=1.782; RMSEA=0.064; GFI=0.991; CFI=0.958. The beneficence, confidentiality and non-maleficence scale (9 items including these 3principles), explained 82% (P<.001) with goodness-of-fit index: χ 2 /gl=2.194; RMSEA=0.079; GFI=0.931; CFI=0.627. The Cronbach Alphas were 0.525 and 0.748, respectively., Conclusions: An ethical attitudes scale (EAS) is presented for professionals in the field of caring for dependent adults, including 13 items related to the observance, in daily practice, of the 4 principles of bioethics, autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality and non-maleficence., (Copyright © 2018 FECA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To develop and validate a scale to measure caregiving dedication regarding activities of daily living in caregivers of dependent older people., Design: Cross-sectional study., Location: Primary Health Care (Andalusia, Spain)., Participants: a probabilistic sample of 200 caregivers of older relatives from Córdoba, Spain., Main Measurements: Content validation by experts, construct validity (by exploratory factor analysis), divergent validity and reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability and inter-observers reliability)., Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.86. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.96 for test-retest reliability and 0.88 for inter-observers reliability. When the sample was divided in two groups according to perceived burden level (presence and absence), the perceived burden was significantly different in each group (P=.001). The factor analysis revealed one only factor that explained 64% of the variance., Conclusions: The scale allows a suitable measure of caregiving dedication regarding activities of daily living in caregivers of older people, because this scale allows a quickly, easy administration, is well accepted by caregivers, has acceptable psychometric results and includes the frequency of caregiving, the kind of attended need and the dependence level in each need., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)