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Copyright of Revue Economique is the property of Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Panorama Económico is the property of Universidad de Cartagena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper was drafted using the Social Competitiveness Index (SCI) compiled by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP-Mexico) to analyze progress and/or backsliding in the areas of healthcare, education, and job income in the Mexican Republic's 32 states over the time period 2005-2014. The aim was also to use panel data techniques to evaluate the relationship between the SCI and public spending, finding that public spending on social issues was negatively related to the SCI (elasticity was -0.5764%). In conjunction with that, it was demonstrated that a lack of social competitiveness existed alongside growth in public spending, leading to the conclusion that the social policy was ineffective, on top of an economic policy that only drove scant growth in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the cotton zone of Cameroon, the increasing pressure on land has led to an increase in agricultural areas and increased soil erosion caused by rainfall intensity on poorly protected soils. For the last two decades, anti-erosion plans have been disseminated, but few studies have analyzed the factors promoting their adoption. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influenced the adoption and the adoption intensity of anti-erosion plans by farmers. A survey from the Water-Soil-Tree project involving 303 farmers was carried out in the cotton zone between 2008 and 2009. Survey data were analyzed with Tobit Model II. Results showed that among the variables studied, those that impacted on farmers’ decision to adopt anti-erosion plans were (i) their age, (ii) their perception of erosion problems, (iii) their belonging to a group (religious, ethnic), (iv) labor availability, and (v) land tenure. Factors that explained the adoption intensity by farmers were the number of years since adopting the plans and their access mode to land. The educational level did not affect the adoption nor the adoption intensity. In future actions, erosion control programs should integrate these results in their intervention methods, but also in socio-economic impact assessments.

The objective of this paper was to establish the determinants of the consumption of fresh pasteurized milk in the city of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. A one-time retrospective survey was conducted in 120 households selected by stratified sampling. To analyze the results, two econometric models were used: the probit model to assess the probability of fresh pasteurized milk consumption, and Heckman’s simple linear model to assess the level of expenses devoted to the consumption of this product. Results showed that, among the studied variables, the major factors that influenced the consumption of fresh pasteurized milk were taste, availability, income, and size of household. The income was the main constraint to the consumption of fresh pasteurized milk. The study also showed that fresh pasteurized milk and imported UHT milk were “luxury” products mainly consumed by high income households. On the other hand, condensed milk and local fermented milk were mostly consumed by low income households. The consumption of yoghurt and dry milk seemed to depend less on the income level. To increase the supply of fresh milk in Ouagadougou’s markets, processors should propose a good quality product (i.e. with a recognized good taste), with high accessibility, in particular in high income districts.

Business competitiveness has long been a subject of study and debate in the economic literature, which has pointed to various drivers of business development. Drawing on the Industrial Economics, the New Industrial Economics, and the Theory of Resources and Capabilities approaches, this paper sets forth a panel data econometric model with 2 671 Mexican micro-enterprises over four time periods, detailing the relationship between the competitive advantages of micro-enterprises and external and internal factors, such as the sectoral structure and the tangible and intangible assets of the economic unit. The principal results obtained suggest that the synergies needed for the development of the small-scale productive sector are primarily generated by way of intangible capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Internationale du Travail is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the period 1970-2000, several Latin American countries made important advances in two social indicators: life expectancy and educational level. After the bibliographical review of works analyzing the relationship between these two indicators, using an econometric panel data model we draw attention to the incidence exercised by the indicator for the percentage of the population with educational levels beyond secondary in the performance of life expectancy in the Community of Andean Nations (CAN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Tourism Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En juin 1984 a été mise en place une nouvelle modulation horaire des tarifs téléphoniques, dans le but de réduire l'amplitude de la pointe de trafic interurbain du soir dont le niveau devenait supérieur à celui de la pointe du matin. L'impact de cette réforme tarifaire sur la répartition horaire du trafic et sur les recettes a été évalué, avant sa mise en place, à l'aide d'un modèle économétrique ajusté sur des observations issues d'expériences analogues mises en œuvre en RFA et en Suisse. Ce modèle, fondé sur la théorie des choix probabilistes, emprunte la formulation du modèle Logit adaptée au cas d'un ensemble continu d'options (les instants de la journée), et permet de simuler les transferts de trafic induits par des variations de la tarification horaire. Les observations faites depuis juin 1984 ont permis de constater les effets réels de la réforme tarifaire sur le trafic et de les comparer aux prévisions du modèle. Les écarts sont relativement faibles sur la période 18 h -20 h 30 (en particulier la baisse de la pointe de 20 h est conforme aux prévisions), mais plus importants en fin de soirée où l'on note une augmentation de trafic plus élevée que prévue. Ces nouvelles observations ont permis de réajuster et d'améliorer le modèle; c'est cette nouvelle version qui est présentée ici. As the evening peakload of trunk traffic became higher than the morning one, a new time-of-day pricing was initiated in France on June 1985. The effects of this tariff change on the traffic profile and the telephone revenues were previously estimated, using an econometric model, fitted from traffic observations provided by similar experiments carried out in Germany and Switzerland. This model, based on probabilistic choice theory, uses the Logit formulation adapted to the case of a continuous set of options (times-of-day), and provides simulations of traffic trade-offs due to changes in the time-of-day pricing. Data collected since June 1984 enable us to measure the actual effects of the new tariffication. Compared with the model forecasts, these observations show a good fitting for the 6 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. period (the 8 p.m. peak-load decrease is consistent with the forecast); in the late evening however, traffic is higher than expected. These new data allowed us to improve the formulation and the fitting of the model; these recent developments are presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MINFORD P., STONEY P., RILEY J. and WEBB B. (1994) An econometric model of Merseyside: validation and policy simulations, Reg. Studies 28, 563–576. The paper estimates an econometric model of Merseyside on annual data. The model is derived from a Heckscher–Ohlin framework for the traded sector, set beside a non-traded sector and facing a positively sloped supply curve of manual labour whose reservation wage is set by unemployment benefits. With all other factor prices being set exogenously to the region through elastic supply, the supply of manual labour (responding to traded sector wages set by world market conditions) determines the size of the region's output. The model's fit over the past is acceptable, though data is limited. Its simulation properties, contrasting with those of previous demand-driven models, imply high returns to policies that reduce local costs such as taxes, union mark-ups and transport charges. MINFORD P., STONEY P., RILEY J. et WEBB B. (1994) Un modèle économétrique de Merseyside: des preuves et des simulations de politique, Reg. Studies 28, 563–576. L'article évalue un modèle économétrique de Merseyside à partir de données annuelles. Le modèle tient d'un cadre du type Heckscher-Ohlin relatif au secteur marchand, en comparaison d'un secteur non-marchand et confronté à une courbe d'offre ascendante concernant le travail manuel dont le salaire de base est fixé en fonction des allocations chômage. Etant donné que tous les autres prix des facteurs sont fixés de façon exogène par l'élasticité de l'offre, il s'ensuit que l'offre du travail manuel (en réponse aux salaires du secteur marchand fixés en fonction de la conjonture mondiale) détermine l'importance de la production régionale. L'ajustement du modèle sur les années s'avère acceptable malgré que la disponibilité des données soit limitée. Ses vertus par rapport aux autres modèles pilotés par la demande laissent supposer d'importantes retombées positives suite à la mise en œuvre des politiques visant la réduction des coûts locaux comme les taxes, les coûts majorés par les syndicats et les frais de transport. MINFORD P., STONEY P., RILEY J. und WEBB B. (1994) Ein ökonometrisches Modell Merseysides: Bestätigung und Simulation von Zielsetzungen, Reg. Studies 28, 563–576. Dieser Aufsatz berechnet ein ökonometrisches Modell Merseysides auf der Grundlage von Jahresdaten. Das Modell wird von einer Heckscher-Olinschen Gliederung für das Sektorgeschäft abgeleitet, einem nicht-Sektorgeschäft beigeordnet und zieht sich eïner zur positiven Seite geneigten Angebotskurve körperlich Arbeitender gegenüber, deren Mindestlohn durch die Höhe der Arbeitslosenunterstützung bestimmt wird. Da alle andern Faktorenpreise außerhalb der Region durch elastistische Angebote bestimmt werden, bestimmt das Angebot an Handarbeitern (als Reaktion auf Löhne des Sektorgeschäfts, das von Weltmarktbedinungen bestimmt wird) den Umfang der Produktion der Region. Das Modell stellt eine durchaus annehmbare Entsprechung der Vergangenheit dar, obschon Daten nur begrenzt vorhanden sind. Im Gegensatz zu früheren, von der Nachfrage bestimmten Modellen, zeigen seine Simulationseigenschaften eine hochgradige Rückkehr zu Zielsetzungen auf, die ortsgebundene Kosten wie Steuern, von Gewerkschaften erwirkte Preiserhöhungen und Transportgebühren reduzieren. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Une étude rétrospective a été menée, grâce à des techniques économétriques simples, sur des séries chronologiques de prix mensuels de la viande en gros aux abattoirs de Dakar, de janvier 1978 à décembre 1987. Les résultats graphiques et statistiques sont présentés ainsi qu'un index saisonnier. Durant la période étudiée, il y a eu peu d'incitations, en termes réels, à la production du bétail et de la viande par des prix plus rémunérateurs. Par ailleurs, la saisonnalité des prix mensuels est caractéristique du comportement des opérateurs de la filière bétail-viande au Sénégal.