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To investigate the outcomes of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) for the treatment of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC), prostatic utricle calculi (PUC) and combination of them, a retrospective review on 27 patients with SVC and/or PUC who complained of intractable haematospermia was conducted. Patient demographics, disease duration, operation time, stone location and complications were recorded. The calculi in the seminal vesicle and/or prostatic utricle were removed by holmium laser lithotripsy and/or basket extraction. The stone composition was determined in 19 of 27 patients using Infrared spectroscopy. The average age and disease duration of patients were 39.4 years and 23.1 months respectively. The mean operative time was 78.5 min. We detected SVC, SVC and PUC, and PUC in 59.3% (16/27), 33.3% (9/27) and 7.4% (2/27) patients respectively. The stones were mainly composed of calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), carbonate apatite (CA), COD and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), CA and magnesium ammonium phosphate, CA and COM, and COD and uric acid in 42.1% (8/19), 21.1% (4/19), 15.8% (3/19), 15.8% (3/19), 5.3% (1/19) and 5.3% (1/19) cases respectively. No intraoperative and post‐operative complications were noted. These results suggested that SVC and PUC can be diagnosed and treated using TSVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To compare the clinical features of seminal vesicle calculi(SVC) versus posterior urethral haemangioma(PUH) to assist urologists in differentiating and diagnosing the causes of haematospermia. Patients with SVC or PUH were included. Patient age, disease duration, hospital stay, operation time, symptoms, surgical approach, pathological results and postoperative complications were recorded. A total of seven patients with SVC and 15 patients with PUH involved have an average age of 34.1 and 44.5 years separately. Patients with SVC complained of recurrent haematospermia; patients with PUH complained of recurrent haematospermia and urethral opening bleeding after sexual arousal. SVC manifested as a dark red blood–semen mixture with ejaculation pain and no blood clots; the condition could improve after anti‐infective treatment. PUH manifested as no visible blood–semen mixture, bright red semen with blood clots and no ejaculation pain; the condition did not respond to anti‐infective treatment. SVC was treated with holmium laser lithotripsy under a transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. PUH was treated with transurethral resection and fulguration. Postoperative follow‐up showed that the clinical symptoms gradually disappeared, with no postoperative complications. Both SVC and PUH can result in recurrent haematospermia. Therefore, urologists should treat haematospermia differently according to the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 29-year-old man with hypospadias and bilateral undescended testicles presented with recurrent attacks of lower urinary tract infections and painful ejaculation. He was diagnosed to have very large bilateral seminal vesicle stones. The pelvis X-ray showed two radio-densities located in the pelvis with symmetrical appearance while Ultrasound showed them as echogenic structures with posterior acoustic shadowing. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis they appeared hypointense in both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images while pelvic computed tomography scan (CT scan) showed bilateral huge stones in the seminal vesicles. The stones were extracted by open surgery through the bladder after transurethral excision of the ejaculatory ducts. Here, we report the first case of bilateral, large, heart-shaped, calcium oxalate monohydrate of seminal vesicle caliculi with brief literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Seminal vesicle (SV) stones are a rare, and thus readily misdiagnosed condition in practice. Understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and management are crucial to guide a urologist's care, and are provided in this literature review., Methods: The inclusion criteria for the literature search, using the search engines MEDLINE® and PubMed was conducted using a combined query of "seminal vesicle stone" and the following keywords: calculi, hematospermia, calcification, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)., Results: The etiology of SV stones is currently unknown where majority of the patients present with having painful ejaculation and hematospermia. However, clinicians have reported potential etiologies by categorization as an inflammatory or non-in-flammatory. A majority of the previous cases had shown multiple stones being present in the SV duct system that are typically diagnosed through radiological examination such as TRUS, MRI, or plain radiographs. Amongst the many imaging approaches, TRUS remains the primary imaging diagnoses of SV calculi. Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has shown to be used in an abundant of the case reports to be an ideal surgical approach for managing small SV stones. In regard to larger stones, a transperitoneal laparoscopic protocol is proper., Conclusion: The current imaging techniques have increased the case reports and diagnosis of SV calculi; however, more research is warranted for understanding the pathogenesis of the formation of SV stones. An optimal management of the extraction of SV stones depends on a number of factors such as size and location.