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Background: For an optimal interplay based on the data-secure exchange of diagnostic data between patients, ambulatory care, and hospital care, we implemented the first tele-medical network for pediatric cardiology in Germany, the Congenital Cardiology Cloud. This study focuses on its feasibility, technical characteristics, and implementation in routine clinical work. Methods: Tele-medical traffic comprised numbers of incoming/outgoing data, related file types, treatment options for tele-medically processed patients, and patient classification with respect to the severity of disease. Proof of feasibility was related to the number of successful tele-medical transmissions of discharge documents at the end of the observation period (02/2020–10/2020). Results: Analysis of Congenital Cardiology Cloud's data communication showed a number of 1178 files for a total of 349 patients, favoring transmissions towards the clinic. Incoming traffic was predominantly characterized by diagnostic data regarding tele-consultations (76.6%), consisting of a multitude of file types, whereas 93.4% of the dispatched data corresponded to discharge letters. The number of tele-consultations counted up to 61, with a necessary subsequent treatment or diagnostic procedure in 90.2% of the presented cases. Tele-medically processed patients generally showed to be more complex (severe chronic heart disease 42.4% vs. 23.7%). At the end of the observation period, 97.6% of the discharge documents were transmitted via telemedicine. Discussion: The implementation of the first tele-medical network for pediatric cardiology in Germany proves recent technological developments to successfully enable innovative patient care, connecting the ambulatory and hospital sector for a joint patient advice, predominantly in more complex cases. Possible governmentally guided refinancing concepts will show its long-term feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suboptimal access to dermatologic care is dependent on patient location and insurance type. Although there have been attempts to address access issues, barriers to providing excellent dermatologic care to all patients at the right time still exist. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) project participation on primary care providers' diagnostic and treatment tendencies and accuracy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study constructed using Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes case and recommendation data from November 2015 to June 2021. The University of Missouri-based Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes specialty hub team offers regularly scheduled live interactive tele-mentoring sessions for primary care providers who practice in rural and underserved areas. 524 patient cases presented by 25 primary care providers were included in the analysis. Of those, 449 cases were included in diagnostic concordance, and 451 in treatment concordance analysis. Results: Less than 40% of all diagnoses were fully concordant with an expert panel. Over 33% of patients were misdiagnosed, and over 26% received partially correct diagnosis. Only 16% of all treatment recommendations were fully concordant with an expert panel. Discussion: Diagnostic and treatment accuracy of participants is low, and Dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes platform ensured patients received correct diagnosis and treatment quickly. Although tele-dermatology models are effective, they continue to be underutilized. Dermatologists in practice and training should be encouraged to adopt innovative clinical educational models, like Dermatology ECHO, to expand access to dermatologic expertise for the most marginalized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Videoconferencing circumvents various physical and financial barriers associated with in-person care. Given this technology's potential benefits and timely nature, we conducted a systematic review to understand how videoconferencing for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) follow-up care affects patient-related outcomes. Methods: We included primary research evaluating the use of bidirectional videoconferencing for COPD patient follow-up. The outcomes of interest were resource utilization, mortality, lifestyle factors, patient satisfaction, barriers, and feasibility. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL databases for articles published from January 1, 2010, to August 2, 2021. Relevant information was extracted and presented descriptively and common themes and patterns were identified. The risk of bias for each study was assessed using design-specific validated tools. Results: We included 39 studies of 18,194 patients (22 quantitative, 12 qualitative, and 5 mixed methods). The included studies were grouped by type of intervention; 18 studies explored videoconferencing for exercise, 19 explored videoconferencing for clinical assessment/monitoring, and 2 examined videoconferencing for education. Generally, videoconferencing was associated with high levels of patient satisfaction. There were mixed results in terms of its effects on resource utilization and lifestyle-related factors. Additionally, 12 studies were at high risk of bias, indicating that these results should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: The videoconferencing interventions resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction, despite facing technological issues. Overall, more research is needed to better understand the effects of videoconferencing interventions on resource utilization and other patient outcomes, quantifying their advantages over in-person care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Managing critically ill neonates has unique challenges, and the transport team plays an important role in stabilizing and facilitating the transfer of these neonates from lower-level nurseries to tertiary centers, and the use of telemedicine in transport (tele-transport) can potentially benefit patient care. We conducted a multicenter study to assess the readiness for utilizing telemedicine as an adjunct to guide the care of critically ill neonates among physicians and transport team members (TTMs). This is the first multicenter study that explored physicians' and TTMs' perceptions of telemedicine usage and its value in neonatal transport. Methods: A confidential, voluntary survey on pre-implementation attitudes toward telemedicine usage during neonatal transport was conducted as part of a quality improvement initiative. This survey involved physicians and TTMs from four academic institutions whose responses were entered into an online survey using REDCap®. The survey inquired about satisfaction with the current practice of phone consultation and the perception of using telemedicine to optimize the management of neonates during transport. Results : The overall response rate for the survey was 60.1%; 82 of 127 (64.6%) physicians and 64 of 116 (55.2%) TTMs responded to the surveys. Half of the physicians and less than one-fourth of the TTMs had prior experience with telemedicine other than that used on neonatal transport. TTMs expressed greater concern about the inconvenience of video (55% vs. physicians 35% agree or strongly agree) and its time consumption (84% vs. physicians 50%). More than 70% of physicians and less than half of TTMs endorsed the potential for added value and quality improvement with video capability. Almost half of TTMs reported concern about video calls reducing their autonomy in patient care. Physicians expressed confidence in management decisions they would make after video calls (72% confident or very confident) and less confidence (49%) about both the phone assessment by TTMs and their decisions based on phone assessment. In contrast, TTMs were confident or very confident (94%) in both sharing their assessment over the phone and executing patient management after a phone call, compared with 70% for decisions made after video calls. Conclusions : Physicians and TTMs had distinct opinions on the use of telemedicine during neonatal transport. Physicians were more likely than TTMs to agree with statements about the potential for improving quality of care, while TTMs were more likely than physicians to say video calls would be time-consuming and inconvenient. We speculate some differences may stem from the TTMs' concern about losing their autonomy. Therefore, during implementation, it is critical for physicians and TTMs to agree on a shared mental model of indications for telemedicine during transport and its value to the patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of virtual fracture clinics across the United Kingdom and Ireland is growing and have been shown in an increasing number of studies to be safe, cost-effective and associated with good functional outcomes and patient satisfaction rates for certain fracture types. Initially pioneered at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, many centres have adopted similar templates, or variations of, and the overall aim of this study was to assess functional outcomes and injury recovery satisfaction rates of patients discharged directly following review in a specific virtual fracture clinic model known as the Trauma Assessment Clinic (TAC). Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out of paediatric (aged <17 years) and adult (aged >17 years) patients, with the five most commonly observed fracture types, who were discharged directly following review at the TAC in a single hospital centre over a 12 month period from January to December 2018. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed via telephone administered questionnaires and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results: A total of 198 patients were included in the study (n = 98 paediatric and n = 100 adult). Overall, 192 (97%) patients or parents/guardians of patients stated that they either strongly agreed (n = 148, 74.9%) or agreed (n = 44, 22.1%) that they were satisfied with their own or their child's recovery from their injury at a median follow-up of 9 months post direct discharge from the TAC. Adult patients had an EQ-5D-5L index median value of 1 (range 0-1), an EQ-VAS median of 87 (range 0-100), a QuickDASH median score of 0 (range 0-100) and a median LEFS of 80 (range 0–80). Conclusion: The virtual management of trauma patients via the TAC model is a safe and patient-centred approach to treating certain injuries and fracture patterns. This study reports excellent patient reported outcome measures and patient injury recovery satisfaction rates. The use of current available technology in tandem with up-to-date best clinical practice and guidelines play a central role in this novel care pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Access to care is a major public health concern particularly in medically underserved areas (MUAs) (Zones d'Interventions Prioritaires). Teleconsultations were legalized in France in 2010, however, have been reimbursed by the national health insurance since 2018. Large-scale studies assessing the impact of teleconsultations on access to care are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of teleconsultations in MUAs at a national scale. Methods: An observational, multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in seven teleconsultation centers. Teleconsultations were included if they were with patients living in France and received ambulatory care at primary ambulatory care settings by registered medical doctors between August 1 and November 30, 2021. Each center provided a randomized sample of 3,000 case data per month, yielding a total of 84,000 patients. Teleconsultation incidence was measured in MUAs and non-MUAs as the primary outcome. Results: In total, 25.1% of French patients lived in MUAs, with a mean age of 30.1 ± 0.08 years. Incidence of teleconsultations was 1,964 per 100,000 compared with 787 per 100,000 in non-MUAs (p < 0.0001). Teleconsultations were mostly performed during the day (88.6%), on weekdays (90.6%), were booked (88.3%), involved a general practitioner (GP) (89.0%), and were carried out as a video consultation (96.5%). The median delay to access was 60 min for GPs. Discussion: This was the largest study of teleconsultations in France and the first in the world to pool data from competing telemedicine companies. The incidence of teleconsultations was higher in MUAs, which may show that teleconsultations improve access to care. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT05311241. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a case of a term female infant born in a rural community hospital and who developed a left-sided spontaneous tension pneumothorax shortly after birth. We used telemedicine to guide the family physician and healthcare team at the referring hospital to perform a life-saving thoracentesis using an intravenous cannula. The cannula was kept in place to drain the persistent pneumothorax during transportation to the pediatric intensive care unit at the tertiary hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic upended the traditional paradigm of face-to-face provision of healthcare in the Australian context; as such, a telehealth model of active case management was implemented in our public health system, even though there was little supporting data for the safety of delivering patient care remotely to home-isolation patients in the setting of a highly infectious and potentially fatal illness. Methods: A retrospective, single-centre, observational cohort study was performed over 6 weeks commencing 12 March 2020, including patients with coronavirus disease 2019 undergoing home isolation and being actively monitored by a coronavirus disease 2019 telephone assessment clinic. Outcomes assessed comprised: duration of active case follow-up, average number of telephone calls per patient, average number of hours managing each patient, treatment required including presentation to the emergency department or admission to hospital, patient characteristics and utilisation of other health services. Results: Of 5223 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 tests performed, 170 individuals (3.25%) tested positive. A total of 158 were included: 76 (47.5%) male and median age 31 years (range 18-94). Median symptom duration was 13 days (interquartile range 6, range 2-34). Median length of coronavirus disease 2019 telephone assessment clinic admission was 10 days (interquartile range 7, range 3-32). A total of 1151 telephone patient encounters were undertaken, with a median of six phone calls made to each patient (interquartile range 5, range 1-20). Ten patients required repeat clinic review; all but one returned home. Six presented to emergency department, with three of these being admitted. In total, there were six admissions: one from the clinic, three from the emergency department and two direct from home (bypassing emergency department). Only four of the six admissions (or 2.5% of all patients) required low-flow oxygen therapy; none required high-flow oxygen or assisted ventilation. The remaining 140 patients (88.6%) were safely managed at home without complications. Discussion: A telehealth model of care is safe, efficient and cost-effective for the management of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-19 and facilitates home isolation, especially of a low-risk population, thus providing reassurance that this model is sound and suitable for ongoing use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the techniques available through Social Security healthcare organizations to assist the government in the implementation of social distancing without restricting patients access to particular health treatments is primary healthcare Tinnitus Teleconsulting. The purpose of this research is to gather data on how well the City of South Jakarta's primary medical care Audiology Teleconsulting strategy was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study uses a qualitative research method and was conducted during November 2022-Mei 2023 at the City of South Jakarta Primary Health Care, the social security agency of health's South Jakarta Branch, and the social security agency of health's Primary Health Care Guarantee Division at the Head Office. Data collection techniques were through Focus Group Discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants, and document review. Results: The results showed that most of the informants already knew the process and output of FKTP Tinnitus Teleconsulting performance; only a few FKTPs did not understand the process and output of policy performance, so even though they acknowledged that they had implemented it, there were no documents recorded in the logbook or electronically recorded patient medical data through the social security agency's health care application. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used by FKTP and other district or city social security agencies of health to improve the performance achievement of FKTP Tinnitus Teleconsulting implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Online mental health services were previously found to be effective in many studies. However, this method was not generally used in Israel. By the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic erupted, forcing mental health services to transition to online meetings to maintain the standard of care. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the attitudes of adolescent patients toward this involuntary new mode of care. Methods: Forty-four adolescents (mean age 14.62 ± 2.12 years, 54.5% females) and 40 of their primary caregivers completed a battery of questionnaires that included the telemedicine satisfaction questionnaire, session evaluation questionnaire, working alliance inventory, and pediatric symptom checklist. Results: Both adolescents and their caregivers reported a reasonable experience with the online medium and a feeling that the meetings were overall powerful, helpful, and comfortable as demonstrated by medium to high scores on the telemedicine satisfaction questionnaire and session evaluation questionnaire questionnaires. A therapeutic alliance was generally maintained according to working alliance inventory scores. However, working alliance inventory scores were negatively correlated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms and parental stress. Discussion: Our findings point to the possibility that anxious/depressed adolescents will have greater difficulties re-establishing therapeutic alliance when transitioned from in-person to online meetings. This may be due to the introduction of an "invisible" third party to the therapeutic setting—the computer. Psychologists and psychiatrists should be aware of these difficulties and respond adequately to maintain the standard of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The science and practice of sport psychology have experienced significant growth and development over the past 30 years. The purposes of this roundtable discussion were to engage sport psychology consultants' views on gaining entry, especially as it relates to long-term work with athletic clients and to compare these views with Ravizza's seminal work on gaining entry. Four consultants with extensive experience in sport psychology participated in a two-phase roundtable that was facilitated by a sport psychology professional. Topics explored and conclusions drawn provided further verification of Ravizza's original insights about gaining entry (e.g., barriers to entry) and added new insights to account for rapid social and generational changes (e.g., role of gender, preferences of modern athletes, importance of interactive observation). The use of technology and adding teleconsulting to service delivery warrant careful approach and future examinations. Lifelong professional development is critical in optimizing gaining entry especially, given the rapid changes in both client demographics and sport and performance psychology knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether teleretinal screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (HCQR) improves clinical efficiency and adherence to recommended screening guidelines compared to face-to-face screening among patients in a large safety net medical system. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of a consecutive sample of 590 adult patients with active HCQ prescriptions seen in the outpatient ophthalmology clinic at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center from 1 September 2018 to 25 November 2019, 203 patients underwent technician-only tele-HCQR screening (THRS), and 387 patients underwent screening with traditional face-to-face visits (F2FV) with an eye-care provider. Data on clinic efficiency measures (appointment wait time and encounter duration) and adherence to recommended screening guidelines were collected and compared between the two cohorts. Results: Compared to F2FV, the THRS cohort experienced significantly shorter median (interquartile range) time to appointment (2.5 (1.5–4.6) vs. 5.1 (2.9–8.4) months; p < 0.0001), shorter median encounter duration (1 (0.8–1.4) vs. 3.7 (2.5–5.2) hours; p < 0.0001) and higher proportion of complete baseline screening (102/104 (98.1%) vs. 68/141 (48.2%); p < 0.001) and complete chronic screening (98/99 (99%) vs. 144/246 (58.5%); p < 0.001). Discussion: A pilot THRS protocol was successfully implemented at a major safety net eye clinic in Los Angeles County, resulting in a 50.9% reduction in wait times for screening, 72.9% reduction in encounter duration and 49.9% and 40.5% increases in proportions of complete baseline and chronic screening, respectively. Tele-HCQ retinal screening protocols may improve timeliness to care and screening adherence for HCQR in the safety net setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Telestroke (TS) networks are standard in many areas of the US. Despite TS systems having approximately 33% mimic rates, it is unknown if TS can accurately diagnose patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) versus stroke mimics. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive TS consults to 27 TS sites in six states during 2018. Clinical information and diagnosis were extracted from discharge records and compared to those from the TS consult. Discharge diagnoses were verified and coded into 12 categories. Cases without a clear discharge diagnosis and intracerebral haemorrhage were excluded. We report agreement and a Cohen's kappa between TS and discharge diagnoses for the category of AIS/transient ischemic attack (TIA) versus stroke mimic. Results: We included 404 cases in the analysis (mean age 66 years; 54% women). Of these, 225 had a TS diagnosis of AIS/TIA; 102 (45%) received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Our study demonstrated a high diagnostic agreement for AIS/TIA (88%) with a kappa of 0.75 for stroke and mimics. Of the 179 patients diagnosed with a stroke mimic on TS, 27 (15%) were diagnosed with AIS/TA by discharge. TS mimic diagnosis had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90%; TS diagnosis of stroke/TIA had PPV 90%, NPV 85%. Discussion: We found excellent correlation between TS and discharge diagnoses for patients with both stroke and stroke mimics. This suggests that TS systems can accurately assess a wider variety of patients with acute neurologic syndromes other than AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Remote pharmacist interventions have achieved much more attention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, since they reduce the risk of transmission and can potentially increase the access of vulnerable populations, such as patients with COVID-19, to pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to examine differences in rates and types of pharmacist interventions related to COVID-19 and medication dispensing errors (MDEs) across community pharmacies with and without telepharmacy services.Methods: This was a prospective, disguised, observational study conducted over four months (from March 2020 to July 2020) in 52 community pharmacies (26 with and 26 without telepharmacy) across all seven states of the United Arab Emirates using proportionate random sampling. A standardised data-collection form was developed to include information about patient status, pharmacist interventions and MDEs.Results: The test (telepharmacy) group pharmacies provided pharmaceutical care to 19,974 patients, of whom 6371 (31.90%) and 1213 (6.07%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. The control group pharmacies provided care to 9151 patients, of whom 1074 (11.74%) and 33 (0.36%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. Rates of MDEs and their subcategories, prescription-related errors and pharmacist counselling errors across pharmacies with telepharmacy versus those without remote services were 15.81% versus 19.43% (p < 0.05), 5.38% versus 10.08% (p < 0.05) and 10.42% versus 9.35% (p > 0.05), respectively.Discussion: This is one of the first studies to provide high-quality evidence of the impact of telepharmacy on COVID-19 patients' access to pharmaceutical care and on medication dispensing safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Electronic consultations (eConsults) have been implemented by numerous academic medical centers (AMCs) to improve communication and address access to specialty care. As these models proliferate, we must understand their comparative benefit and use in various settings.This retrospective, descriptive analysis compares eConsult utilization trends at an AMC that has deployed an internal effort and an external pivot. Relevant metrics are presented using counts and proportions or median and range where appropriate.The internal AMC program demonstrated sustained growth from years 1 through 6, while the external pivot demonstrated considerable growth in year 1, followed by a steady decline in subsequent years. Endocrinology generated the highest number of eConsult orders in both programs (AMC 21%, external pivot 16%). Conversion rates to in-person visits were higher in the external pivot (22%) than in the internal AMC program (14%). Median response time across all specialties was faster (17 hours) for the AMC program than the external pivot (23 hours). The median number of eConsults ordered by any single primary care provider was 3 in both programs. The percentage of providers using the eConsult ordering system only once was approximately 30% in both programs. eConsults were primarily ordered by physicians (68%) at the AMC and physician assistants (40%) in the external pivot.The current study highlights similarities and differences between internal and external eConsult programs that can inform future “right-sizing” of care according to patient needs while promoting local care delivery and improving efficiencies at the AMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teledermatology utilizes photoimaging and background information to allow dermatologists to remotely provide a diagnosis to practitioners. ConsultDerm is an asynchronous, web-based teledermatology software that allows practitioners to submit their electronic referrals for assessment by board-certified dermatologists. Objective: Our study aimed to retrospectively analyze teledermatology's utilization in Canada by using the teledermatology platform ConsultDerm. Methods: After implementing inclusion criteria, 1000 patients were selected, and relevant demographic and clinical information were extracted for data analysis. In addition, an online survey with pre-formulated questions was distributed to 7 dermatologists currently using the ConsultDerm platform to determine their experience in utilizing teledermatology. Results: Of the 1000 patients, 66.5% had not received treatment prior to their teledermatology referral, and on average, patients experienced symptoms for 489.5 days prior to their referral. Diagnoses made were categorized by conditions, most common being dermatitis (37.1%), followed by acneiform conditions (10.6%), benign lesions/neoplasms (12.1%), infections (9.4%), and dyspigmentation (3.1%). Most consults originated from small population centers, and the referring practitioners were predominantly family physicians. Dermatologists utilizing the platform expressed ease of use, however, areas of improvement were identified such as increasing the quality of imaging and more detailed patient history. Conclusion: Through our analysis of 1000 cases, we identified how a teledermatology consultation could be used to assess a wide variety of cutaneous conditions, improving access for patients who may face barriers to seeing a dermatologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Virtual consultation (VC) has exponentially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons from using this modality during the pandemic will need to be appraised carefully before integrating it into the routine practice. Some paediatric urology patients can potentially be excellent candidates for routine VC.Objectives: Investigate the ability of clinicians to make management plans using VCs and identify accordingly the group of patients that can benefit from routine VC. Evaluate the routine use of VC without travel restrictions.Methods: Designed in two phases. Phase 1, during the lockdown, prospective collection of data after the consultation assessing the clinician satisfaction in making a decision by VC. The results were then divided according to the patient pathology; internal organ pathology (IOP), functional urological pathology (FUP) or external organ pathology (EOP). Data was then analysed to demonstrate if different outcomes can be related to the pathology. Phase 2 after the ease of the lockdown to judge the lessons learnt looking at the same parameters in patients who are selected to receive VC and evaluate journey saved by the patients, measured in miles.Results: One hundred and forty-four consultations were assessed. One hundred and fourteen in phase 1 and 30 from phase 2. Mean age 7.2 years. In phase 1, 57% of patients were reviewed by consultants and 72% were followed up. Thirty-seven per cent had IOP, 24.5% FUP and 38.5% EOP. Clinicians were more likely to reach a decision with patients with IOP and FUP P < 0.0001 and 0.0024, respectively. Phase 2 demonstrated the change of practice where 93% of the patients were either IOP or FUP. An average of 27 miles per patient was saved on journeys.Discussion: VC for paediatric urology patients was employed effectively to avoid hospital contact during the lockdown. From the lessons learnt that patients with IOP and FUP can continue to benefit from VC after the ease of lockdown without compromising the decision making. VC is a viable way to structure services in the future for selected paediatric urology conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the experience of teleorientation carried out by a resident psychologist within an action to face COVID-19, enabling a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic at the individual level and the management of these complications in this challenging scenario. Descriptive experience report, carried out via Information Technologies (IT) with the use of Psychological First Aid (PFA), performed from April to July 2020, serving the public aged 16 years (with authorization from those responsible) to 65 year olds. The action proved to be powerful in bringing users and mental health professionals closer, as it facilitated access to psychological services, configuring a space for evasion of psychological obstacles to the public served. The report of the teleorientation experience contributed to reflect on the importance of virtual interventions in mental health in pandemic times, aiming to remedy and/or minimize problems arising from the health emergency caused by COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Telemedicine is the delivery of healthcare across a distance using some form of communication technology. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased adoption of telemedicine with national orthopaedic governing bodies advocating its use, as evidence suggests that social distancing maybe necessary until 2022. This systematic review aims to explore evidence for telemedicine in orthopaedics to determine its advantages, validity, effectiveness and utilisation.Methods: Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were systematically searched and articles were included if they involved any form of telephone or video consultation in an orthopaedic population. Findings were synthesised into four themes: patient/clinician satisfaction, accuracy and validity of examination, safety and patient outcomes and cost effectiveness. Quality assessment was undertaken using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools.Results: Twenty-one studies were included consisting of nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Studies revealed high patient satisfaction with telemedicine for convenience, less waiting and travelling time. Telemedicine was cost effective particularly if patients had to travel long distances, required hospital transport or time off work. No clinically significant differences were found in patient examination nor measurement of patient-reported outcome measures. Telemedicine was reported to be a safe method of consultation.Discussion: Evidence suggests that telemedicine in orthopaedics can be safe, cost effective, valid in clinical assessment and with high patient/clinician satisfaction. However, more high-quality RCTs are required to elucidate long-term outcomes. This systematic review presents up-to-date evidence on the use of telemedicine and provides data for organisations considering its use during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology involves non-dermatologists sending clinical images to dermatologists. This improves patient care while reducing unwarranted face-to-face (FTF) specialist office visits. Comparisons between dermatologist diagnostic concordance with referring provider, treatment change recommendations, and FTF referrals have yet to be compared by type of provider and practice setting.Methods: This retrospective chart review examined SAF teledermatology eConsults from four practice settings: Doctor of Medicine (MD)/Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) office visits, MD/DO walk-in clinics, nurse practitioner (NP)/physician assistant (PA) office visits and NP/PA walk-in clinics. The most recent 100 MD/DO office- and 100 NP/PA walk-in-referred patient charts were reviewed. There were only 71 NP/PA office and 47 MD/DO walk-in eConsults to review.Results: Teledermatologists agreed with referring provider diagnoses 50% of the time for MD/DO office visits, 29.8% for MD/DO walk-in clinics, 33.8% for NP/PA office visits and 34% for NP/PA walk-in clinics. Diagnostic concordance was significantly higher for eConsults from MD/DO office visits than MD/DO walk-in clinics (p = 0.021), NP/PA office visits (p = 0.035) or NP/PA walk-in clinics (p = 0.022). There were significantly more treatment changes recommended after walk-in eConsults than office visits (67 versus 44%, p < 0.0001). FTF visits were recommended more after office visits than walk-in clinics (46 versus 27%, p = 0.001). Overall, 21% (68/318) of patients ultimately attended FTF appointments.Discussion: SAF teledermatology improves diagnosis, reducing barriers to specialty care. Overall, potential FTF visit reduction was 79%. Expanding eConsult programmes, particularly in walk-in settings, and for use by NP/PAs or early career internists, may render dermatological care more expeditiously and avoid unnecessary FTF visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Patient undergoing surgery may be afraid and concerned about the diagnosis, the treatment, the procedure, the postoperative care, and the surgical recovery. Good communication between staff and patients can minimize or prevent this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Telecare nursing intervention, “Telephone consultation”, in reducing the “Delayed surgical recovery” nursing diagnosis in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hernia repair. Methods This study was performed in two different institutions located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 43 patients were enrolled. The experimental group consisted of 22 patients who had access to the telephone follow-up intervention, and the control group consisted of 21 patients who received conventional treatment without telephone follow-up. This was a randomized controlled study with patients who were 60 years or older and awaiting operative procedures of hernia repair and laparoscopic cholecystectomy who had a mobile or landline phone and were available for telephone contact. Results There was a reduction in “loss of appetite with nausea” (p = 0.013); “need help to complete self-care” (p = 0.041); “pain” (p = 0.041); and “postoperative sensation” (p = 0.023). The experimental group showed a significantly larger decrease in factors related to the “Delayed surgical recovery” diagnosis, suggesting a positive effect of the intervention compared to the effect in control group.\. Conclusion Telephone consultation identified factors that increased the risk of complications after surgery, recognized potential patients for delayed surgical recovery and helped perioperative nurses provide accurate interventions to prevent or mitigate delayed recovery. This study was registered in the platform Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) - link: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-4C249M, retrospectively registered on April 13, 2020.

Since 2021, the world has been facing a cost-of-living crisis which has negatively affected population health. Meanwhile, little is known about its impact on patients’ preferences to access care. We aimed to analyse public preference for the modality of consultation (virtual vs face-to-face) before and after the onset of crisis and factors associated with these preferences.An online cross-sectional survey was administered to the public in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Sweden. McNemar tests were conducted to analyse pre- and post-crisis differences in preferences; logistic regression was used to examine the demographic factors associated with public preferences.Since the onset of crisis, the number of people choosing virtual consultations has increased in the United Kingdom (7.0% vs 9.5% P < 0.001), Germany (6.6% vs 8.6%, P < 0.008) and Italy (6.0% vs 9.8%, P < 0.001). Before the crisis, a stronger preference for virtual consultations was observed in people from urban areas (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56), while increasing age was associated with a lower preference for virtual care (OR 0.966, 95% CI 0.961–0.972). Younger people were more likely to switch to virtual care, while change to face-to-face was associated with younger age and lower income (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12–1.62). Older adults were less likely to change preference.Since the onset of the cost-of-living crisis, public preference for virtual consultations has increased, particularly in younger population. This contrasts with older adults and people with lower-than-average incomes. The rationale behind patients’ preferences should be investigated to ensure patients can access their preferred modality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As telemedicine becomes more mainstream in the veterinary profession, it is important to understand when and how to utilise it successfully, and its potential downsides. This literature review supports the use of veterinary telemedicine for teleconsultations, and using wearable and mobile health (mHealth) devices for monitoring animal health. Data supporting the provision of virtual care directly to a client within an established veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR) is more limited, and some of what we know comes from paediatric medicine on the human side. As we have learned from human health care providers, we must be aware there could be a tendency to overprescribe antimicrobials in a virtual visit compared to an in-person visit. Data have also shown telemedicine can be just as effective in diagnosing respiratory disease when compared to traditional visits to a doctor’s office or hospital. Telemedicine is especially effective in areas where access to care is limited, whether because of geography, finances, or lack of resources. Overall, veterinary telemedicine and telehealth can provide positive results.

Telemedicine has only received limited attention by veterinary professional regulatory bodies, particularly in Europe. In Portugal, telemedicine is currently outside what is considered acceptable practice by the regulator, the Portuguese Veterinary Order (Ordem dos Médicos Veterinários). As part of a wider research aimed at gathering evidence for developing a new veterinary Code of Professional Conduct, this study describes the use of the Policy Delphi technique to gather the views and perceptions of a purposeful sample of 41 Portuguese veterinarians regarding telemedicine. Four main issues were addressed using mixed research methods: teleconsultation, teleconsulting, teleadvice, and the regulator's role. Responses highlight participants' perception of both the relevance of medical digital technologies in improving healthcare and their limitations. Overall opinion was that, although restrictions to remote veterinary practice should be reduced, improved guidance and regulation are warranted. Eighty percent of participants considered that limits to the use of veterinary telemedicine should be imposed and two thirds considered that a remote consultation must always be preceded by a face-to-face consultation. While most respondents thought that vet-to-vet teleconsulting using social media (namely Facebook) should not be banned, 83% recognized that it should be regulated by ethical standards. Participants' concerns with telemedicine had mostly to do with reputational risk for the veterinary profession, while overlooking privacy or confidentiality issues. A consultative group should be established to ensure that telemedicine providers comply with professional requirements. It is expected that these results will support policy-making by the Portuguese Veterinary Order and by veterinary regulators at other jurisdictions.

Background: Patient undergoing surgery may be afraid and concerned about the diagnosis, the treatment, the procedure, the postoperative care, and the surgical recovery. Good communication between staff and patients can minimize or prevent this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Telecare nursing intervention, "Telephone consultation", in reducing the "Delayed surgical recovery" nursing diagnosis in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hernia repair. Methods: This study was performed in two different institutions located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 43 patients were enrolled. The experimental group consisted of 22 patients who had access to the telephone follow-up intervention, and the control group consisted of 21 patients who received conventional treatment without telephone follow-up. This was a randomized controlled study with patients who were 60 years or older and awaiting operative procedures of hernia repair and laparoscopic cholecystectomy who had a mobile or landline phone and were available for telephone contact. Results: There was a reduction in "loss of appetite with nausea" (p = 0.013); "need help to complete self-care" (p = 0.041); "pain" (p = 0.041); and "postoperative sensation" (p = 0.023). The experimental group showed a significantly larger decrease in factors related to the "Delayed surgical recovery" diagnosis, suggesting a positive effect of the intervention compared to the effect in control group.\. Conclusion: Telephone consultation identified factors that increased the risk of complications after surgery, recognized potential patients for delayed surgical recovery and helped perioperative nurses provide accurate interventions to prevent or mitigate delayed recovery. This study was registered in the platform Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) - link: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-4C249M, retrospectively registered on April 13, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding audits or quality analysis of telehealth strategies in clinical practice. Our aim is to develop and implement a methodology for quality assessment of asynchronous teleconsultations. Materials and Methods: A random sample of asynchronous teleconsultations performed by the specialists from the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (TNMG), a public telehealth service in Brazil, was selected. The responses were evaluated regarding size, objectivity, quality, ethics, courtesy, and grammar, and received a score for each category: 1 = fair, 2 = moderate, and 3 = good. As each domain has a different importance in rating the overall quality of teleconsultation, each one was assigned a different weight, and a final score was calculated. Results: A total of 576 teleconsultations were assessed. Overall, the scores were good or moderate for all items. Only a few cases were classified as fair. Among medical specialties, pediatrics was the one that proportionally received the highest number of fair classifications, and the item "quality of the answers" was the one with highest number of worse classifications for this specialty. Corrective actions were implemented. With regard to the nonmedical specialties, the majority of the items were classified as good or moderate, and in rare cases some items received the fair rating. Conclusion: The methodology showed to be useful to evaluate the teleconsultation service. We established six domains that we considered important components to be assessed. This assessment was essential to identify the priority areas to receive correct actions. It may be easily replicated in other services worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The transtelephonic electrocardiogram has been shown to have a great value in the management of out-of-hospital chest pain emergencies. In our previous study it not only improved the pre-hospital medical therapy and time to intervention, but also the in-hospital mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It was hypothesised that the higher in-hospital survival rate could be due to improved transtelephonic electrocardiogram-based pre-hospital management (electrocardiogram interpretation and teleconsultation) and consequently, better coronary perfusion of patients at the time of hospital admission. To test this hypothesis, our database of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients was evaluated retrospectively for predictors (including transtelephonic electrocardiogram) that may influence in-hospital survival.Methods and Results: The ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients were divided into two groups, namely (a) hospital death patients (n = 49) and (b) hospital survivors (control, n = 726). Regarding pre-hospital medical management, the transtelephonic electrocardiogram-based triage (odds ratio 0.48, confidence interval 0.25-0.92, p = 0.0261) and the administration of optimal pre-hospital medical therapy (acetylsalicylic acid and/or clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor) were the most important independent predictors for a decreased risk in our model. At the same time, age, acute heart failure (Killip class >2), successful pre-hospital resuscitation and total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery before percutaneous coronary intervention were the most important independent predictors for an increased risk of in-hospital mortality.Discussion: In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, (a) an early transtelephonic electrocardiogram-based teleconsultation and triage, (b) optimal pre-hospital antithrombotic medical therapy and (c) the patency and better perfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery on hospital admission are important predictors of a lower in-hospital mortality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary care providers are frequently unprepared to manage chronic pain adequately due in part to insufficient professional training. This study evaluated the effect of a telementoring intervention on knowledge and perceived competence related to chronic pain management.Methods: The study design was a cluster randomised controlled trial. Primary care clinics that were part of the University of Washington Medicine Telehealth network were the unit of randomization. Primary care providers comprised the intervention group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 18). Providers in the intervention group attended telementoring sessions through the TelePain programme and presented patient cases at the beginning and end of their enrolled patients’ 12-week study period. TelePain sessions included a didactic presentation and telementoring for specific patient cases by a panel of pain specialists from the disciplines of pain medicine, internal medicine, anaesthesiology, rehabilitation medicine, psychiatry, addiction medicine, nursing and complementary and integrative pain management. Providers’ baseline and end-of-study knowledge and perceived competence in managing chronic pain were assessed by three questionnaires: Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, the KnowPain-12 and the Perceived Competence Scale.Results: Knowledge (Z = –0.34, p = 0.97 (Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain) and Z = 0.49, p = 0.62 (KnowPain-12)) and perceived competence (Z = –0.74, p = 0.46) did not increase for providers in the intervention group compared with providers in the control group. These providers attended on average 12.5 sessions (range 0–31) while participating in the study.Discussion: Further research is recommended to establish the effectiveness of this telementoring intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major adverse cardiac events, defined as death or myocardial infarction, are common causes of perioperative mortality and major morbidity in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Reduction of perioperative cardiovascular risk in relation to non-cardiac surgery requires a stepwise patient evaluation that integrates clinical risk factors, functional status and the estimated stress of the planned surgical procedure. Major guidelines on preoperative cardiovascular risk assessment recommend to establish, firstly, the risk of surgery per se (low, moderate, high) and the related timing (elective vs. urgent/emergent), evaluate the presence of unstable cardiac conditions or a recent coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting), assess the functional capacity of the patient (usually expressed in metabolic equivalents), determine the value of non-invasive and/or invasive cardiovascular testing and then combine these data in estimating perioperative risk for major cardiac adverse events using validated scores (Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) or National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)). This stepwise approach has the potential to guide clinicians in determining which patients could benefit from cardiovascular therapy and/or coronary artery revascularization before non-cardiac surgery towards decreasing the incidence of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Finally, it should be highlighted that there is a need to implement specific strategies in the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection during the preoperative risk assessment process.

Adopting telemonitoring services during the pandemic for people affected by chronic disease is fundamental to ensure access to health care services avoiding the risk of COVID-19 infection. Among chronic diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of adulthood, caused by the loss of spinal, bulbar and cortical motor neurons, which leads to paralysis of the voluntary muscles and, also, involves respiratory ones. Therefore, remote monitoring and teleconsulting are essential services for ALS patients with limited mobility, as the disease progresses, and for those living far from ALS centres and hospitals. In addition, the COVID 19 pandemic has increased the need to remotely provide the best care to patients, avoiding infection during ALS centre visits. The paper illustrates an innovative, secure medical monitoring and teleconsultation mobile cloud-based system for disabled people, such as those with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The design aims to remotely monitor biosignals, such as ECG (electrocardiographic) and EMG (electromyographic) signals of ALS patients in order to prevent complications related to the pathology.

Store and forward telemedicine is used routinely in health care, but there is little published information about how such telemedicine systems are used. For example, an important aspect of the system's usability is the length of time it takes to submit a referral. Referral-submission times were measured in networks based on the Collegium Telemedicus system. In a 25-week period in 2018/2019, eight Collegium networks received a total of 1,649 clinical or educational cases submitted via the web interface. The time to prepare a referral was measured in 669 of these cases, in two different ways. An indirect measurement of the referral-preparation time was calculated as the interval between the user logging in, and the referral being submitted. A direct measurement of the referral-preparation time was calculated as the interval between the user opening the referral page and the referral being submitted to the server. The difference between the two measurements represents time spent by the user on other activities after logging in, before beginning the referral. The median referral-preparation time, measured directly, was 888 s (IQR 512-1765). The median of the differences between the two preparation times was 27s (IQR 8-146). The referral-preparation times in the eight networks were broadly similar, despite the differences in the nature of their operation (clinical or educational), and the types of case handled (single specialty or multi-specialty). Quantitative information about aspects of the user interface, such as the referral-preparation time, is important not only in the initial system design, but also in its subsequent development.

Background: One of the techniques available through Social Security healthcare organizations to assist the government in the implementation of social distancing without restricting patients access to particular health treatments is primary healthcare Tinnitus Teleconsulting. The purpose of this research is to gather data on how well the City of South Jakarta's primary medical care Audiology Teleconsulting strategy was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic., Method: This study uses a qualitative research method and was conducted during November 2022-Mei 2023 at the City of South Jakarta Primary Health Care, the social security agency of health's South Jakarta Branch, and the social security agency of health's Primary Health Care Guarantee Division at the Head Office. Data collection techniques were through Focus Group Discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants, and document review., Results: The results showed that most of the informants already knew the process and output of FKTP Tinnitus Teleconsulting performance; only a few FKTPs did not understand the process and output of policy performance, so even though they acknowledged that they had implemented it, there were no documents recorded in the logbook or electronically recorded patient medical data through the social security agency's health care application., Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used by FKTP and other district or city social security agencies of health to improve the performance achievement of FKTP Tinnitus Teleconsulting implementation.

The use of technology advancements and telemedicine has definitely contributed to reducing the communication gap between patients and doctors. Lately, a telemedicine program is applied in Greece aiming at the improvement of primary health services offered to Greek citizens, especially of remote and rural areas. The program is supported by the Greek National Health Service, while it is fully funded and run by Vodafone Greece. Vodafone offers doctors of 100 remote areas of continental Greece and Greek islands, portable medical equipment, supplies, electronic equipment and internet access to enable them to monitor their patients. It also offers them potential advisory support from doctors of the Athens Medical Center. The differentiation of this program from the vast majority of others lies in the fact that the end-user of the program is not the patients themselves. In accordance with the will of Vodafone to evaluate and improve, if necessary, the telemedicine services provided, we carried out a field research, the results of which are presented in what follows. Our objective was not only to find out the overall degree of satisfaction of both the participating doctors and patients, but also to compare their views. Overall, participants admitted that Vodafone Telemedicine Program results in more efficient primary healthcare services and improves the patients' quality of life. The degree of satisfaction of both the involved doctors and patients is very high and everyone wishes the continuation or, even better, the extension of the program through the inclusion of additional tests-examinations and its application to more remote areas of Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Little is known about the adoption of telehealth services among family medicine residency programs. Introduction:Using the 2015 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance Program Directors Fall Survey section on telehealth, the authors investigated how residency programs used telehealth services during calendar year 2015. Materials and Methods:The authors used bivariate analyses to examine how family medicine residency program characteristics vary by telehealth usage. Services provided through telehealth (live interactive video or e-visits and store-and-forward services), clinical purpose of use, frequency of use, and number of patients served were characterized. Results:Surveys reached 461 Family Medicine Residency program directors, and 207 surveys were eligible for analysis (44.9% response rate). Fifty-seven percent of family medicine residency director survey respondents reported that their residents used telehealth services in calendar year 2015. Most of the telehealth users reported providing only e-visits or store-and-forward services (70.6%), with 78% of the 106 programs indicating that they served as the sending site for these services. Altogether 29% of users reported providing visits using live interactive video, with ∼63% indicating that they served as the originating site for these services (i.e., where the patient is located). Discussion:Increasing and enhancing the use of telehealth services in residency programs might help increase telehealth use in other settings. Conclusions:Although the majority of family medicine residency programs indicated that they used telehealth services, the reported use was limited, with those who did use telehealth services doing so infrequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Electronic consultations (eConsults) provide asynchronous, store-and-forward communication between primary care clinicians (PCCs) and specialists using web-based platforms, electronic health records or mobile applications. eConsults have demonstrated benefits in many areas of the Quadruple Aim, including educational value for PCCs. In this study, we explored the connection between eConsults and the Quadruple Aim using a unique national dataset of PCC-reported eConsult outcomes.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study analysing registry data from the RubiconMD electronic consultation platform used by PCCs in 34 US states. We analysed PCC-reported outcomes from eConsults that took place between March 2017 and January 2018. PCCs were asked to select one or more of the following options after each eConsult: improved care plan, educational, avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided referral altogether or to wrong specialty, or no effect.Results: PCCs reported an outcome for 3872 eConsults. eConsults for dermatology, endocrinology, and haematology-oncology were most common. Over one in four PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided a referral altogether or to the wrong specialty (26.3%) and avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures (26.1%). In 75% of eConsults, PCCs reported an improved care plan. Fifty percent reported that the eConsult was educational.Discussion: PCCs in diverse practice settings reported substantial benefits from eConsults. In over half of eConsults, PCCs reported that the eConsult avoided unnecessary diagnostics/procedures, avoided a referral altogether or avoided a referral to the wrong specialty. Findings suggest that eConsults demonstrate important educational benefits, but may also influence PCC decision-making in a way that yields tremendous cost-saving potential and improved patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Health systems are seeking innovative solutions to improve specialty care access. Electronic consultations (eConsults) allow specialists to provide formal clinical recommendations to primary care providers (PCPs) based on patient chart review, without a face-to-face visit.Methods: We implemented a nephrology eConsult pilot program within a large, academic primary care practice to facilitate timely communication between nephrologists and PCPs. We used primary care referral data to compare wait times and completion rates between traditional referrals and eConsults. We surveyed PCPs to assess satisfaction with the program.Results: For traditional nephrology referrals placed during the study period (July 2016-March 2017), there was a 51-day median appointment wait time and a 40.9% referral completion rate. For eConsults, there was a median nephrologist response time of one day and a 100% completion rate; 67.5% of eConsults did not require a subsequent face-to-face specialty appointment. For eConsults that were converted to an in-person visit, the median wait time and completion rate were 40 days and 73.1%, respectively. Compared to traditional referrals placed during the study period, eConsults converted to in-person visits were more likely to be completed ( p = 0.001). Survey responses revealed that PCPs were highly satisfied with the program and consider the quick turnaround time as the greatest benefit.Discussion: Our eConsult pilot program reduced nephrology wait times and significantly increased referral completion rates. In large integrated health systems, eConsults have considerable potential to improve access to specialty care, reduce unnecessary appointments, and optimize the patient population being seen by specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Assessment of urothelial bladder cancer during cystoscopy or transurethral resection of bladder tumour has a significant impact on the urologist's decision-making: treatment with simple outpatient fulguration, required depth of resection, and need of immediate post-surgical intravesical therapy. These choices depend heavily on the urologist's ability to accurately assess pre-biopsy tumour stage and grade. The aim of the study was to determine whether evaluation of photographs taken during transurethral resection of bladder tumour can reliably characterize a tumour's stage and grade. Methods Smartphone photographs of 50 urothelial bladder cancer cases were taken at the beginning of transurethral resection of bladder tumour and individually presented to seven senior urologists. All urologists were blinded to the final pathological report and to any other urological evaluation. Each one was asked to rate the tumour as low vs high grade and noninvasive Ta vs noninvasive T1 or muscle invasive. Results were compared with final pathology. Individual appraisal and the majority's opinion were evaluated. Results Urologists have correctly predicted tumour stage and grade in 63.5% of cases (222 of 350, average of 32 out of 50 accurate assessments). The final majority assessment was correct in 40 of 50 cases (80%). Sensitivity and specificity of the final results for the diagnosis of T1 or higher were 80% and 88.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for Ta low grade were 83.3% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented attempt to evaluate urologists' ability to assess urothelial bladder cancer stage and grade using endoscopic photographs. Urologists can usually identify stage and grade of urothelial bladder cancer but accuracy increases when multiple senior urologists examine the same photographs and achieve majority consensus. Presenting photographs of urothelial bladder cancer to a team of urologists may lead to an excellent decision regarding type and extent of surgical treatment and substantiate appropriate post-surgical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The two most commonly used modalities of teledermatology (TD) are store-and-forward (SF) and live-interactive (LI) TD. Existing studies have not compared these tools with respect to patient and provider satisfaction. Objective To systematically review all published studies of patient and provider satisfaction with SF and LI TD. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies on provider or patient satisfaction with SF or LI TD between January 2000 and June 2016. Results Forty eligible studies were identified: 32 with SF TD, 10 with LI TD, and 2 evaluating both. With SF TD, 96% of studies assessing patient satisfaction and 82% of studies assessing provider satisfaction demonstrated satisfaction ( n = 24 and 17, respectively). With LI TD, 89% of studies assessing patient satisfaction and all studies assessing provider satisfaction revealed satisfaction (n = 9 and 6, respectively). Conclusion Patients and providers are satisfied with both SF and LI TD. Studies assessing satisfaction with LI have not been conducted in recent years, and have only been conducted in limited geographic patient populations. Further research assessing satisfaction with TD will help address any dissatisfaction with its uses and allow for increased support and funding of future programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The advancements in telemedicine provide the possibility to send photos of hematuria cases to professionals for further evaluation. We aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of WhatsApp use in the evaluation of hematuria.Materials and Methods: Between December 2014 and April 2016, 212 patients were evaluated prospectively for hematuria by 2 groups of urologists; Group A: in direct contact with patients for evaluation; Group B: "blind" urologist who had no access to the patients' data but received pictures via WhatsApp. Two photos of voided urine in a sterile container were taken and sent using WhatsApp. The opinions of Group A and B about the grade of hematuria were evaluated. Shapiro-Wilk test and Fleiss' kappa statistics were used for statistical analyses.Results: The median age of patients was 71 (min 22, max 96). The Group A urologists were in accordance in 96.22% of cases. Group B urologists had common opinions in 99.5% (n = 203) and there was almost perfect agreement between 2 groups (λ = 0.992). The number of common opinions among "blind" urologists is more than the number of common opinions among the consultants. When further classification is performed as serious and non-serious hematuria, the rate of misdiagnosing serious cases is approximately 6.5-7%. However, using WhatsApp, the urologists can differentiate normal urine and any form of hematuria with 100% accuracy.Conclusion: It is possible to evaluate hematuria remotely and also reduce unnecessary costs of services for hematuria of mild clinical significance by using telemedicine. WhatsApp can provide valuable aid to tertiary hospitals where the urologist is not always present as well as in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clavicle is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the adult population. Management has traditionally been conservative, however more recent research has yielded higher non-union rates associated with non-operative management. This study aims to analyse the proportion of operative and non-operative treatment methods for clavicle fracture in a tertiary hospital facility and rural health sites accessed via telehealth, comparing patient outcome between these two methods of fracture management. Following ethical approval, a retrospective review was conducted of patients presenting with clavicle fractures to the Princess Alexandra Hospital Fracture Clinics and to Orthopaedic Fracture Clinics run via teleconference with rural health sites. Only 2% of patients received operative fracture management in the telehealth group, versus 33% in the tertiary hospital sample. Patient outcome was measured in the larger tertiary hospital sample, with clinical notes reflecting good patient outcome in 70% of operatively managed patients and 85% of patients with conservatively managed clavicle fractures. For the patients in the telehealth sample that returned for follow-up appointments, 93% reported a good outcome with one of these individuals undergoing operative treatment and the rest managed conservatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In France, 66% of patients forego getting specialized care by dermatologists because of difficulty obtaining appointments. Store-and-forward teledermatology could improve how promptly treatment begins by reducing the delay in obtaining a specialist's opinion. In this study, we compared the delay before care between general practitioners (GPs) using a store-and-forward teledermatology intervention and GPs addressing their patients with a standard referral letter. Methods We performed an open-label, pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms. GP clinics in Paris (France) were randomly assigned to use either teledermatology referral (use of electronics to send clinical images taken using a mobile phone) or conventional referral (using standard letters) to care for patients for whom a dermatologist's advice was needed for the diagnosis or treatment of skin lesions. Dermatologists integrated responses to teledermatology requests in their usual schedule. Patients were followed up for three months. Primary outcome was the delay, in days, between the GP's consultation and a reply by the specialist allowing treatment to begin. Analyses were adjusted for clustering of GPs and identities of dermatologists. Results Between February and June 2014, 103 patients were included in the study (53 patients of 20 GPs in the intervention group). The median delay between the initial GP's consultation and the reply allowing for treatment to begin was four days in the intervention group and 40 days in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.55; p < 0.011). Discussion We showed that a simple store-and-forward teledermatology intervention significantly reduced the delay before beginning care (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02122432). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Since 2011, Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands has been providing medical abortion via telemedicine at several clinics in Alaska. The purpose of this study was to evaluate providers' experiences with telemedicine provision of medical abortion in Alaska using qualitative methods. In particular, we aimed to learn more about the impacts of telemedicine on patients, staff, and clinic operations and potential lessons for other service delivery settings. Methods Between October and November 2013, eight in-depth interviews were conducted with clinic providers and staff who were involved with the provision of medical abortion using telemedicine at Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands clinics in Alaska. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed qualitatively with inductive coding using grounded theory methods. Results Providers reported that telemedicine provision of medical abortion facilitated a more patient-centred approach to care where women were able to be seen sooner, have greater choice in abortion procedure type, and could be seen closer to their home. Providers felt that it was easy to integrate the new technology into clinic operations, and that a telemedicine visit largely required the same overall processes and clinic flow as an in-person visit, with minor additions related to technological set-up for the doctor interface. Discussion These findings are consistent with previously published literature on medical abortion provided via telemedicine, and indicate high acceptability among providers and the appropriateness for telemedicine application to this healthcare service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Advances in imaging capabilities and the evolution of real-time teleophthalmology have the potential to provide increased coverage to areas with limited ophthalmology services. However, there is limited research assessing the diagnostic accuracy of face-to-face teleophthalmology consultation. This systematic review aims to determine if real-time teleophthalmology provides comparable accuracy to face-to-face consultation for the diagnosis of common eye health conditions. Methods A search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases and manual citation review was conducted on 6 February and 7 April 2016. Included studies involved real-time telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology or optometry, and assessed diagnostic accuracy against gold-standard face-to-face consultation. The revised quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool assessed risk of bias. Results Twelve studies were included, with participants ranging from four to 89 years old. A broad number of conditions were assessed and include corneal and retinal pathologies, strabismus, oculoplastics and post-operative review. Quality assessment identified a high or unclear risk of bias in patient selection (75%) due to an undisclosed recruitment processes. The index test showed high risk of bias in the included studies, due to the varied interpretation and conduct of real-time teleophthalmology methods. Reference standard risk was overall low (75%), as was the risk due to flow and timing (75%). Conclusion In terms of diagnostic accuracy, real-time teleophthalmology was considered superior to face-to-face consultation in one study and comparable in six studies. Store-and-forward image transmission coupled with real-time videoconferencing is a suitable alternative to overcome poor internet transmission speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Long term conditions are a significant health problem faced by older people worldwide. Telephone communication is often used to deliver health care to patients and is an important tool in improving access to care. Previous research has shown that primary health care nurses communicate with patients by telephone, but little is known about the way in which telephone communication can be used to benefit older patients with long term conditions. The aims of this review were to identify the range and scope of telephone use between practice nurses working in primary health care and older people with long term conditions, explore which elements of this communication has been successful, and determine whether older people see telephone communication as useful for their needs. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted through CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE between July and August 2015. Included were English language articles containing older adults, primary care nurses and both qualitative and quantitative designs. Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria. All were intervention studies, and none looked at routine telephone communication between nurse and patient. Most studies showed that telephone based interventions were successful in improving pre-determined disease-specific health indicators. Conclusions All telephone communication interventions in this review focused on a specific long term condition, which they aimed to help patients self-manage. While all studies' samples included older patients, they did not consider them separately in relation to the effectiveness of the intervention. What was also lacking was the patient perspective regarding effectiveness in all but one study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the benefits of electronic-consultations and outlines steps for a primary care-centered approach to implementation. We include descriptions of traditional and electronic-consultation delivery models from the perspective of referring primary care provider. We describe five best practices for consultations regardless of modality, including clearly defined criteria that are best suited for electronic-consultation. Primary care teams must be equipped to explain the electronic-consultation process to the patient, including when and how results will be communicated. A successful electronic-consultation depends on clear questions and communication, flexibility in available data, a set-up that is easy-to-navigate and the ability to nimbly pivot if an alternative modality is needed. Electronic-consultation implementation may begin small with a single consult service and could include broader healthcare systems considerations including financial implications and service agreements. Based on increasing demand and increasing electronic-consultation familiarity and adoption, electronic-consultation will be a future necessity for primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on how Covid-19 pandemic introduced a new layer of challenges on how to provide care and alleviate pain. It mentions that restrictions have been implemented by the majority of governments, as SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva samples and infection typically spread through respiratory droplets.

Introduction: Telemedicine services saw substantial surges in their use during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdowns and characteristics of the pandemic. Therefore, the authors aimed to systematically review the telemedicine services provided during the COVID-19 pandemic and their potential applications., Methods: The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases on September 14, 2021. Then, the retrieved records underwent two-step title/abstract and full-text screening processes, and the eligible articles were included for qualitative synthesis., Results: The review of studies demonstrated that the telephone is listed 38 times, making it the most common technology used in telemedicine. Video conferencing is also mentioned in 29 articles, as well as other technologies: Mobile-health ( n = 15), Virtual reality ( n = 7). According to the findings of the present study, Tele-follow-up ( n = 24), Tele-consulting ( n = 20), Virtual visits (20), and Tele-monitoring ( n = 18) were the most widely used telemedicine applications., Conclusion: Telemedicine has been an effective approach to COVID-19 management. Telemedicine technology is going to play a key role in the future of health medicine, patient consultation, and many other extended applications of health care in remote rural locations.