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La introducción de nuevas tecnologías ha abierto nuevas vías metodológicas y enfoques teóricos de gran interés para la investigación arqueológica y la conservación del patrimonio histórico. Este estudio profundiza en las ventajas de los sistemas LiDAR en el análisis del paisaje y elementos arqueológicos en zonas con gran vegetación. La obtención de documentación gráfica tridimensional de la realidad con fines topográficos, patrimoniales, arquitectónicos o industriales se ha visto revolucionada en la última década por la aplicación de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV), convirtiéndose en una herramienta básica en el trabajo diario de los técnicos, permitiendo documentar grandes superficies de terreno o lugares inaccesibles con una gran eficiencia y con mejores resultados si cabe que con los métodos clásicos. Los UAV, comúnmente conocidos como drones permiten aerotransportar distintos tipos de sensores, siempre condicionados por su dimensión y peso. Estas limitaciones hacían que principalmente se utilizarán sensores pasivos de reducido tamaño: es decir cámaras RGB, multiespectrales o infrarrojos. La constante evolución del sector ha permitido que los sensores activos de teledetección LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) estén disponibles a nivel consumidor abriendo nuevas posibilidades que la fotogrametría multiimagen no permite, como la adquisición de información con reducida luz ambiental, zonas sombreadas o la adquisición de datos bajo la vegetación. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis comparado de la representación tridimensional del terreno y de los elementos estructurales presentes en paisajes con densa vegetación, analizando en base a los parámetros de vuelo: altura y velocidad, el índice de penetración del pulso LiDAR aerotransportado para el registro de las características arqueológicas. El estudio también ofrece una serie de novedades metodológicas basadas en los datos extraídos y las especificidades de este tipo de sensores. En este punto podemos plantear la pregunta ¿qué diferencia existe entre la obtención de topografía con fines técnicos a arqueológicos? En topografía se establece la precisión del modelo digital en función de la escala de trabajo y se genera una superficie reglada, en la que el resultado final sufre un proceso de generalización que suaviza las formas del terreno con el fin de obtener curvas de nivel que representen el terreno y sean interpretables fácilmente en función de la escala. Por el contrario, en arqueológica se buscan indicios de actividad antrópica, por lo que se persigue una mayor definición de las formas, un mayor número de puntos, y aplicar unos sistemas de visualización específicos. Para nuestro propósito de estudio, hemos planteado dos escenarios bien distintos: uno ideal (sin ningún tipo de vegetación ni obstáculo y con topografía horizontal, en concreto una pista de aterrizaje de un campo de modelismo y por otro lado, uno muy complejo con densa vegetación de pinar y fuertes pendientes realizando una serie de vuelos de con diferente altura, (entre 70 y 120 m) y con distintas velocidades de avance de la aeronave (entre 5 y 10 m/s). Finalmente hemos realizado un estudio estadístico de los resultados que nos permitan determinarlos parámetros óptimos para los fines deseados, planteando un esquema y flujo de trabajo óptimos.

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Los vertederos de residuos urbanos, por su proximidad a la ciudad, constituyen lugares con un gran potencial para el cambio, llenos de posibilidades. La constante expansión de la metrópoli hace que la distancia entre el vertedero y la ciudad sea siempre relativa. Primero expulsados, después incorporados. La ciudad del siglo XXI interactúa con el territorio. Esta interacción construye un nuevo paisaje que se produce desde un mecanismo arquitectónico fundamental como base del paisaje contemporáneo, amalgama entre lo natural y lo artificial: el plano del suelo como una topografía manipulada y soporte de nuevas actividades. El parque forestal de Valdemingómez en Madrid, ubicado sobre el antiguo vertedero, deviene en palimpsesto de nuestra sociedad, una huella del pasado sobre la que se escribirá el futuro. La basura convertida en suelo, soporte de nuevas actividades contemporáneas, se convierte en registro de la memoria de la ciudad.

I Memoriali sono monumenti edificati in ricordo di un accadimento che appartiene alla memoria collettiva. Essi aspirano a una condizione di trascendenza e immanenza al tempo stesso: radicati nel luogo e legati a una precisa circostanza temporale, purtuttavia si svincolano da ogni tempo e luogo in ragione del loro portato universale. I memoriali sono l’espressione di un profondo significato simbolico condiviso da una collettività che in essi si riconosce. In questo modo essi entrano nel nostro presente in modo attivo, capaci di costruire narrazioni e luoghi di una mitologia collettiva entro cui ciascuno di noi possa identificarsi. I memoriali ci parlano, i memoriali evocano: è stato questo il senso del Concorso di Progettazione per un Monumento-Memoriale promulgato dalla rivista FAM nel 2023 e degli esiti qui commentati.

Il Mediterraneo, nella sua geografia emersa e sommersa, è stato nel tempo un territorio “testimone”, dai conflitti alle catastrofi naturali, alla crisi migratoria dei nostri giorni. Scenari che mostrano questo luogo della terra, come “soglia” che mette in luce le differenze e le ingiustizie. Il Mediterraneo stesso potrebbe essere considerato un “memoriale in sé”. Un “archivio”, che custodisce la vera storia dei popoli, dalle origini alla contemporaneità, e continua ad ampliarsi, stratificandosi in un palinsesto di contraddizioni. Il progetto intende riflettere sul tema del monumento come interpretazione delle forme della topografia del Mediterraneo, nel rapporto tra luogo, rito e memoria.

Copyright of Thiasos Monografie is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se diseñó un procedimiento topográfico para la introducción de la aplicación Mobile Topographer en los proyectos ingenieros mineros y geológicos a partir de su comprobación en el polígono de la red de apoyo de la Universidad de Moa. Se tilizó el método estadístico descriptivo para determinar el error absoluto promedio de la suma de las diferencias entre las coordenadas reales de los puntos y las coordenadas medidas en campo. Para la utilización de la aplicación Mobile Topograher se aplicó la metodología de Gutiérrez (2019). La aplicación Mobile Topographer permite validar los resultados medidos con la aplicación en el sistema nacional Cuba Sur, con un permisible de error de 1.501 m en las coordenadas (x), 1.330 m en las coordenadas (y), 1.015 m en las coordenadas (z).

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es la relación de la Geografía, Topografía y Batimétrica oceánica, en los Mares Inter-Americanos con la desigual ATSM, y la configuración estacional sobre el Cuadrante Cuba y sus alrededores adyacentes. Se siguió la metodología de investigar de lo general a lo particular sobre la base de los datos del Centros Nacionales de Predicción Ambiental Nacional-Centro de Investigación Atmosférica (NCEP-NCAR). Campo de reanálisis NCEP y la TSM 1948-2018.En el problema de las regiones costeras, la topografía compleja complica los transportes de masa. Las zonas costeras refiere la relación mutua tierra-mar, que se extiende a lo largo de dos ejes: uno paralelo a la orilla denominado “eje litoral”, y otro perpendicular a la orilla denominó “eje tierra-altamar”. La Batimetría irregular con áreas costeras más bajas con aguas someras, su ciclo de acumular el calor, es muy corto solo de día a la radiación solar, a la noche liberan la energía calórica acumulada, en los mares profundo contiguo ocurre que el calor se amacena y se libera muy lentamente a la atmosfera, llegando a ciertas época del año, cundo la radiación es menor, dando diferentes configuraciones a la ATSM, una para los bajos cerca de las costas y otros los mares profundos, como se observa estacionalmente en los Mares Inter-Americanos y a Cuba con el circulo que en la encierra de forma negativa los meses de MJLAS y lo contrario los meses de NDEFM. Conclusión según la Física de la Atmosfera en sus estudios cataloga estas características de la isla pequeña como “Isla de Calor”, por tanto a La Isla de Cuba, también se debe Catalogar como “Isla de Calor”. Se reafirma que estos eventos hidrometeorológicos marinos en los Mares Inter-Americanos se deben a la Batimetría irregular que subyace en la región estudiada.

Using a case study of a kerb – the social stone – found at a tram traffic Island, the text demonstrates the re/production of the ableist city and analyses processes of transforming such a city into an accessible space for people with disabilities. The authors apply actor-network theory to analyse the mutual construction of space and bodies. To understand this construction, the concept of topology is used, which the article develops by introducing 'ableist' and 'accessible' topology. Unlike topography, which is in concord with able-bodied people, topology is more suitable for the analysis of space when also including non-standard bodies. Moreover, it allows the authors to analyse the mechanisms that reproduce and control the currently inaccessible city on the one hand, and it provide some room for change on the other. However, to make this change happen, a specific network must be established. To trace the associations that create such a network, the study uses in-depth interviews with involved actors collected over a ten-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The head office of Kokudo Chiri-in, GSI for short, is in Tsukuba (Ibaraki Prefecture) a city located about an hour's train ride northeast of Tokyo. The GSI could be said to be the National Agency for Geodesy and Cartography of Japan whose origins date back to the year 1869 (Meiji 1), a period that is defined as the Meiji Restoration. The GSI, which is a Special Body of the Ministry for Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, had almost 700 employees in 2018 (Heisei 30). In Tsukuba the GSI manages a Science Museum of Map and Survey which I visited in 2019 (Reiwa 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LIDAR XXI is an educational project, which was born with the purpose of including “ciclo formativo grado superior en proyectos de obra civil”, the latest technological advances related to the cartography and surveying sector. It was selected among the 30 most innovative winning projects of vocational training at national level, of the 180 presented to the Caixabank Dualiza call for the 2021-2022 academic year. Participation in this programme meant receiving the necessary funding for its implementation and development. The project has a double purpose, on the one hand, to bring innovation to professional training by incorporating state-of-the-art technology and, on the other, to carry out research in collaboration with the Biocultural-MEMOLab archaeology laboratory of the University of Granada, determining the optimization of the LIDAR application to the detection of archaeological sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the current era of digital geomorphological mapping, global and regional-scale land surface characterization was advanced by qualitative interpretations that relied on human visualization aided by disciplinary knowledge of geophysical processes combined with extensive field study. In the early twentieth century, Fenneman proposed to devise systematic physiographic divisions of the United States and in 1916 produced what is still regarded as an authoritative map of these divisions. His physiographic regions were developed to provide context when describing land surface characteristics of smaller areas using well-known regional characteristics and descriptors. In 1968, geographer Richard E. Murphy published a large-format map of the "Landforms of the World" to fill a gap in the suite of standard classroom maps. In 1990, the British geomorphologist E. M. Bridges published World Geomorphology, providing the first global treatment and description of divisions, provinces, and sections—the same hierarchical land partitioning concepts that Fenneman used decades earlier. In the twenty-first century, geographic information systems (GIS) technologies are nearly ubiquitous, yet neither Murphy's nor Bridges's work existed as GIS data. To further illuminate their pioneering work, we (1) recompiled Murphy's landforms as a spatial combination of modern existing data layers, and (2) used the recompiled Murphy's landforms as a basis for the boundaries of the divisions, provinces, and sections described by Bridges. Our aggregation yields a new resource, Named Landforms of the World, version 2.0, which provides a reference-level, basemap-quality data layer that can significantly facilitate mapping, assessing, and understanding Earth surface features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text will start from the origins of the “critical regionalism” denomination to investigate the consequences of the “operational” approach to the history of contemporary architecture. In particular, I will start from the new framework in which the role of architecture today arises and from how this derives a need for an overall "repositioning" of the architect and his culture which requires, in addition to a change in responsibility and age, tools also reconsideration of the architectural events that preceded us and of the approach to their analysis. I will consider how the “regionalistic” position of many characters has produced a double consideration of the events of a modernity that today more than ever appears unique, multifaceted and useful perhaps more for what it contained “marginal” than for its mainstream. Finally, I will deal with an attitude, in the past practiced by architects, that of the construction of a “history” useful for the trade, now almost completely abandoned, and the risks that derive from this.

Artykuł jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi na kwestię istnienia „polityki funeralnej” na cmentarzach doby Rzeczpospolitej przedrozbiorowej. Choć w teorii w obliczu śmierci wszyscy byli sobie równi, to badania pokazują, że zmarli otrzymywali odpowiednie miejsce pochówku ze względu na swoje pochodzenie społeczne, zamożność, osobiste zasługi dla Kościoła czy rodzaj śmierci. Zmarły mógł być więc pochowany w kościele, na cmentarzu przykościelnym, na cmentarzu filialnym lub poza terenem cmentarza. Co więcej, przestrzeń kościoła czy cmentarza także była osobno wartościowana, bowiem w postrzeganiu ówcześnie żyjących istniały tam lepsze i gorsze lokalizacje grobów. Charakterystyka pochówków w kościołach i na cmentarzach w miastach staropolskich została dokonana na przykładzie dwóch ośrodków: miasta Kazimierza pod Krakowem oraz Nowego Miasta Korczyna. Analizy wykonano w oparciu o osiemnastowieczne księgi metrykalne pogrzebów.

Os mapas topográficos de cavernas são base de dados fundamentais para uma série de estudos científicos, trabalhos de licenciamento ambiental e tomadas de decisão dos órgãos públicos para preservação do patrimônio espeleológico. Porém, a confecção desses mapas segue praticamente a mesma metodologia dos últimos 100 anos, utilizando três equipamentos básicos: bússola, clinômetro e trena. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica da evolução dos métodos de levantamento topográfico de cavernas aplicadas ao contexto de atividades de mineração. São comparados os tipos de instrumentos utilizados nas diferentes técnicas de mapeamento topográfico de cavidades naturais subterrâneas. No que se refere aos levantamentos topográficos mais atuais, o uso do laser scanner 3D e da fotogrametria vem se mostrando como métodos promissores com relação a obtenção dos parâmetros espeleométricos (ex: área, volume e projeção horizontal), tendo em vista a maior agilidade para a realização do levantamento de campo, maior facilidade para interpretação das estruturas geológicas, além do ganho em segurança para a equipe em campo.

North American mammals follow a well-established latitudinal diversity gradient in species richness. However, the degree to which species in different mammal clades follow the same latitudinal gradient—and to which each clade contributes to the pattern observed for all mammals remains unknown. Here, we separate the overall mammalian latitudinal diversity gradient by mammal orders and investigate the impact of climate and topography on the distribution of each major mammal clade. We joined an equal-area grid (100 × 100 km cells) of continental North America embedded with environmental variables (n = 10) with mammalian species ranges (n = 753). We used spatial regression models to quantify the relationship between species richness and latitude for all mammals, all mammals excluding select clades, and for each individual subordinate clade (n = 9). We used multiple linear regression and simultaneous autoregressive regression models to determine which environmental variables best explained patterns of species richness for each mammal order. Whereas North American mammals altogether exhibit a strong latitudinal diversity gradient in species richness, most orders deviate from the species richness pattern observed for all mammals and their gradients are weak or entirely absent. Bats (Chiroptera) exhibit the strongest latitudinal gradient—their removal from the pattern for all mammals substantially weakens the total mammalian gradient, more so than when rodents are removed. Environmental variables explain patterns of species richness well for some clades, but poorly for others. The gradient we observe for North American mammals today is likely a combined product of multiple diversification events, dispersals, and climatic and tectonic histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agathon: International Journal of Architecture, Art & Design is the property of DEMETRA CE.RI.MED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to compare air pollution’s behavior during quarantine in the city of Bogota, in regard to other cities in the world in aspects such as population, area, among others, through a statistical analysis of the concentration data of pollutants PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, for the period from January to July 2020. Materials and methods: 20 cities were selected according to the matrix for the study. Using the BOOTSTRAPPING technique, a correlation matrix and histograms were made for each of the pollutants per phase. For the application of the PCA, the analysis was carried out using MATLAB software, with respect to the averages per phases and change magnitudes. SPSS software was used to normalize the data for the treatment of the variables of interest. Making use of ARIMA and ETS modeling, the data were analyzed longitudinally, the forecast of concentrations with and without quarantine, including the comparison between cities. Results: In the reactivation phase, Bogota presented a significant increase in its pollution levels, especially in PM10. In the differences between the phases before and reactivation, Bogota obtained a lower magnitude in the case of PM2.5, while for NO2 it was more remarkable. Conclusions: In the quarantine, Bogota experienced a significant decrease in the concentration of PM10 and NO2. This was not the case for PM2.5 concentration due to different temporary events (fires and particulate matter transportation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este texto analiza el olvidado rol politico de la teori del regionalismo critico, explorando la idea de tabula rasa como metafora de negacion ideologica. El texto contextualiza el surgimiento de esta teori en el recorrido intelectual de su autor, Kenneth Frampton, y demuestra que la expresion tabula rasa condenso la negacion de la forma y de la historia en la imagen de la anulacion de la topografi. Esto, como simbolo de la neutralizacion ideologica de la arquitectura y operando como antitesis para la formulacion de una nueva teori.

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Nesta contribuição, tenta-se definir com precisão os limites do ager da jurisdição administrativa dos Cures Sabini (regio IV Augustea) com base nas inscrições disponíveis. Em particular, acredita-se que o território que inclui os atuais municípios de Nerola (RM) e Montelibretti (RI) pertenciam, na antiguidade, ao ager Curensis.

La construcción de curvas de nivel es una actividad diaria y cotidiana para la topografía, la ingeniería civil y la arquitectura, con estos planos se realiza un levantamiento de la información de la superficie terrestre. Para este proceso se usan teodolitos, que de manera manual van recorriendo una superficie determinada y tomando las diferentes alturas contra un punto de referencia. La introducción de sistemas electrónicos para la toma de datos permitiría realizar este proceso de manera más rápida y eficiente. Por esto se plantea el desarrollo de un sistema de recolección de datos topográficos que permita la construcción de curvas de nivel a partir de un módulo receptor GPS. Para alcanzar esta meta, se realizó una investigación experimental que incluye la revisión teórica, seguida del diseño, la construcción del modelo y construcción del prototipo con una validación de resultados utilizando estadística descriptiva. De esta manera, se obtuvo un dispositivo capaz de realizar el levantamiento de la información topográfica necesaria para la construcción de las curvas de nivel con un error en las tomas, bastante bajo. La información del sistema de posicionamiento global se obtuvo en formato NMEA0183 de la cual se extrajo los datos específicos necesarios para almacenarlos y luego entregarlos a los diversos softwares que normalmente se usan para la construcción de las curvas de nivel.

In this work, an investigation of the influence of topography on the structure of the turbulence of the Amazon rainforest is carried out. To better understand how topography acts in the organization of turbulence, in turbulent fluxes of energy and mass, inside and above the forest canopy, the Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) was used. The model's input dataset comes from the ATTO site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory) between October and November 2015. From these measurements, from different heights, two simulations were performed for the daytime period: with topography and without topography. In both simulations, the U/Uh profile shows that the wind becomes weaker as it bumps into the forest canopy, leading to an inflection point in the wind profiles. In addition, the simulation with topography induced ascending and descending movements, which affected the concentration of the passive scalar. Finally, the topography impacted the turbulence intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- The construction of contour lines is a daily activity for topography, civil engineering and architecture, with these plans a survey of the information of the earth's surface is carried out. For this process, theodolites are used, which manually go through a determined surface and take the different heights against a reference point. The introduction of electronic systems for data collection would allow this process to be carried out more quickly and efficiently. Objective-- For this reason, the development of a topographic data collection system that allows the construction of contour lines from a GPS receiver module is proposed. Methodology-- To achieve this goal, an experimental investigation was carried out that includes the theoretical review, followed by the design, the construction of the model, and the construction of the prototype with a validation of the results using descriptive statistics. Results-- In this way, a device capable of carrying out the survey of the topographic information necessary for the construction of the contour lines was obtained with a fairly low error in the shots. Conclusions-- The information from the global positioning system was obtained in NMEA0183 format from which the specific data necessary to store it was extracted and then delivered to the various software that is normally used for the construction of contour lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the article „Wisla as a private world's axis. On the connection with the place in the works of Jerzy Pilch", the subject of the connection of the author and his protagonists with the place was raised. Some chosen aspects of this relevant issue have been introduced by the author of „Many demons". The attitude of the characters and narrators to the place has been analysed through such issues as faith, emotions, senses, weather and topography. The most important thing is treating the place as a pattern, to which the writer refers many events, comments, observations, thoughts and characters. The place imagined by the writer is dynamic, changeable, ambiguous and multiple. Although the literary landscapes of the Wisla have common characteristics, they are characterized by many differences and variants, beginning with names and ending with details. The awareness of the Wisla creation imagined in the works of Jerzy Pilch is fundamental and deserves attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El uso de drones en la topografía es una tecnología que se está desarrollando y en una primera instancia se estableció el uso de esta tecnología únicamente para zonas planas porque las aplicaciones disponibles para realizar los vuelos realizaban solo vuelos horizontales y al cambiar la altura de vuelo cambia el GSD de la fotografía generada.

O presente artigo versa sobre a implantação de uma rede de aferição de instrumentos topográficos e geodésicos, para que seja possível quantificar e qualificar erros sistemáticos apresentados por tais equipamentos. Nesse caso, há a necessidade de verificação de retificação e de controle sobre a propagação do erro em trabalhos de coleta de dados. Para esse propósito, serão utilizados marcos de centragem forçada não colineares, construídos na área experimental do campus da UNIPAMPA, em Itaqui (RS). Com o intuito de se obter dados qualitativos da rede, cada marco foi rastreado por receptores da constelação constituinte do Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS). Posteriormente, eles foram pós-processados pelo Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso (PPP), serviço online gratuito para pós-processamento absoluto, a fim de se obter as coordenadas geodésicas de cada vértice. Os valores do rastreio também foram comparados aos dados de ângulos e distâncias (coordenadas polares) que são mensurados, a partir da estação total. A fim de minimizar erros sistemáticos, metodologias dos pares conjugados (direta e inversa) em visadas recíprocas, foram utilizadas. Na sequência, o ajustamento de observações foi aplicado, utilizando-se os Métodos dos Mínimos Quadrados (MMQ) (correlato e paramétrico), sendo que o método paramétrico mostrou-se mais aplicável na rede (menores resíduos). Por fim, os resultados dos ângulos e distâncias ajustadas servem como base para verificação do erro linear e angular, fundamentados nas especificações técnicas do instrumento.

Se analiza el aumento del nivel del mar tomando como base el nivel promedio de mareas altas para la región del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica. Este estudio se realizó a partir de modelos, observaciones y mediciones efectuadas en campo, que presentan un nivel del mar y su respectivo ascenso para cuatro escenarios de acuerdo con los siguientes años: 2030, 2050, 2070 y 2100. Se elaboran escenarios reales para simular el comportamiento del nivel del mar en los próximos 100 años para las zonas de Playas del Coco, Tamarindo y Sámara. Se estudian los niveles de mareas astronómicas a partir de predicciones mareales. El aumento del nivel del mar en los próximos años por calentamiento global es según los escenarios de Nerem et al., (2018) de alrededor 3 mm por año para la Costa Pacífica en general y se utiliza como base para crear las distintas combinaciones y generar los niveles mareográficos representados en este artículo. Los resultados muestran los niveles de inundación para cada uno de los años para las zonas del estudio, e indica las comunidades que podrían ser inundadas para el año 2100, pero sucediendo de forma creciente en el resto de los años. Este estudio pretende alertar a las instituciones gubernamentales sobre estos escenarios para que tomen las decisiones correspondientes ante el inminente cambio del nivel del mar. Se proponen combinaciones de nivel del mar, de tal forma que otros componentes no incluidos en este estudio, como tsunamis, puedan ser simulados también, y ayude en la toma de decisiones ante estos posibles eventos

As an alternative to modernize the agricultural specialty offered at the technical secondary education level of the Bolívar Rural Development Concentration (CDR), a pedagogical activity is designed and carried out with eleventh grade students that includes the use of the Google Earth tool to carry out activities related to the measurement of lengths and areas on the ground, as well as to georeference these areas and determine the height above sea level, topography aspects, among others. The process is accomplished starting from a practice in the field without any specialized equipment that allows understanding the level of complexity of the area survey task; then the download and exploration of the free Google Earth software is carried out. With this implementation it was possible to demonstrate how a free access and easy-to-use ICT tool can provide answers to the needs or tasks of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen El ingeniero militar José María Reyes cumplió una función central en el conocimiento topográfico y geográfico del territorio del Estado Oriental del Uruguay; contribuyó en el proceso de departamentalización interior y participó como comisario en la delimitación de las fronteras políticas, en especial en los límites con Brasil. Asimismo, elaboró cartas geográficas, se dedicó a la recopilación documental y la escritura de descripciones del territorio. Esta tarea no fue individual sino que se insertó en un camino en el que el Estado Oriental comenzó un ascendente proceso de recopilación de información a través de la creación de entidades públicas dedicadas al mantenimiento del orden interno, los relevamientos topográficos o la asistencia sanitaria, que buscaron conocer las características y la cantidad de los habitantes, inventariar los inmuebles públicos y privados, delimitar los territorios y establecer las características principales del desarrollo productivo. Los conflictos bélicos de carácter regional y la vida política interna limitaron varias de esas tareas. Reyes no fue ajeno al contexto, por el contrario, se involucró activamente en la vida política y varios de sus puntos de vista se reflejaron en su concepción geográfica. Sobre esa base, el artículo explora la actuación de Reyes y el modo a través del cual su trabajo topográfico y cartográfico contribuyó a formar una representación del territorio nacional, vinculada a una concepción sobre el pasado que fue reproducida en forma posterior por los continuadores de su obra, que fijaron un imaginario geográfico que perdura hasta el presente.

Introduction-- The La Mojana subregion is related to natural wealth, made up of wetlands, the Cauca, Magdalena and San Jorge rivers, a unique ecosystem, conserving plant and animal species, of fragile habitat with importance for the environmental balance of the Caribbean and Colombia. The rice agroecosystem, the main engine of the agricultural economy, involves its own components that are indicators of sustainability and productivity, where the chemical properties of the soils constitute an important factor for the profitability of the rice company. Objective-- To carry out a chemical characterization of the mechanized rainfed rice soils of Majagual-Sucre, under two topographical conditions (low and high). Methodology-- 32 soil samples were taken and the following were evaluated-- pH, Organic Matter (OM), phosphorous and available cations, cation exchange capacity and microelements. Descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Ward's minimum variance clusters were used. Results-- For both topographies, the pH was slightly acid, OM, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and boron low. In the high topography, a higher content of sulfur, iron, and zinc was recorded, and in the low topography, a higher concentration of calcium, magnesium, CIC, and manganese was recorded. PCA led to a reduction of the initial dimensions from 14 to 4, which accumulated the total explained variance of the extraction of the 4 components with 71.63%. Conclusions-- The concentrations of nutrients in the soils cultivated with rice in the La Mojana subregion were identified, which are a guide in the fertilization plans according to the topographic conditions of the plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Geográfia is the property of Publikon Publishers/ IDResearch Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of State & Society / Państwo i Społeczeństwo is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo presenta el uso de técnicas cartográficas de scripting para la visualización de mapas topográficos y geomorfológicos por R y GMT. Los mapas temáticos pretenden analizar la región del Perú con un enfoque específico en su geomorfología: pendiente, aspecto, elevación y sombreado realizado en las bibliotecas R «raster» y «tmap». Los materiales integrados incluyen varios conjuntos de datos integrados en la biblioteca R "OpenStreetMap": Stamen, ESRI World Imagery, Bing Maps, National Park Service. La investigación muestra un ejemplo particular del uso de conjuntos de datos de código abierto y herramientas gratuitas disponibles para la educación e investigación en línea a distancia, que se convierte en una tendencia real en la investigación geográfica moderna.

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Geologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A determinação da posição relativa de pontos e a representação gráfica da superfície terrestre entre outros conhecimentos de Topografia e ciências afins está presente em diferentes momentos do exercício profissional de engenheiros civis e de outras modalidades. Na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) o ensino da área acontece desde a fundação da Escola no final do Século XIX. Ao longo desse período de mais de um século de ensino de Topografia e ciências afins na EPUSP ocorreram diversas alterações que impulsionaram mudanças na estrutura da Escola e da Universidade, na Educação Superior e no contexto social e político gerando novas necessidades e demandas da sociedade, exigindo que engenheiros e profissionais da área da Topografia se adaptassem às novas demandas e possibilidades. Frente a essas evoluções surgiu a Geomática que engloba a Topografia e áreas afins na era da tecnologia e da informática. Para o ensino da Geomática há o constante desafio da adequação e adaptação às evoluções e mudanças. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir a evolução do ensino de Topografia na EPUSP frente às mudanças e evoluções científicas, metodológicas e tecnológicas. Em um momento em que as mudanças e inovações no mundo ocorrem em ritmo cada vez mais acelerado, há a necessidade da discussão sobre o ensino e a utilização das tecnologias e adaptação às mudanças e evoluções pautada e embasada pelo ensino fundamentado na valorização dos conceitos permanentes, frentes à tecnologia em constante mudança.

Taking as an analysis strategy the "counterpoint reading" deployed by the Brazilian critic José Miguel Wisnik in his essay "Machado Maxixe: the Pestaña case", this work develops a "counterpoint" between typography and topography, anchored in the cultural history of the city of Valparaíso, in the middle of the nineteenth century. The analysis focuses on the edition of American Societies in 1828 that Simón Rodríguez published in the city, in 1840, in the printing house of the newspaper El Mercurio, interspersed with descriptions of travelers passing through the city, among them Mary Graham, Charles Darwin, Max Radiguet or Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. From this montage between typography and topography (between the blank space of the page and the space under construction of the city), historical waves of different duration and scope are superimposed and interfere, producing suggestive correlation effects around visual perception in Valparaíso towards the middle of the nineteenth century, correlation effects not necessarily analogical nor necessarily comparable in importance but through which a sensory heterogeneity appears that expresses different perceptual experiences in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ri-vista: Ricerche per la progettazione del paesaggio is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Of the total numbers of microsites present in an environment, only a fraction presents adequate conditions to ensure the regeneration of the forest. This study analyzes the facilitation given by the environment and the microsites in the P. tarapacana regeneration in the High Andes. We worked with 21 forests in Jujuy, Argentina, registering variables of forest structure, soil moisture and the offer of microsites. Pearson correlation analyses were done between environmental variables and forest structure of seedling and trees and shrubs. In addition, a simple ANOVA were performed using 8 categories of microsites as the main factor to analyze soil moisture and the density of seedling. The density of seedling represents 36.8% of the density of trees and shrubs. At greater slopes, the presence of seedling decreases, but no significant differences were found with altitude. A higher seedling density (201.2 and 279.5 ind. ha-1) was found in microsites under the influence of rocks that coincide with higher soil moisture, but not in microsites with litter, with the same moisture content. There was a varied offer of microsites that could be found in the study area, where the density of the seedling was positively related to the offer of microsites under the influence of rocks and was associated with their relative humidity. These results define microsites favorable for regenerating P. tarapacana which can be used to identify the most suitable areas for restoration and preservation of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Geologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Despite the widespread use of prescribed fire throughout much of the southeastern USA, temporal considerations of fire behavior and its effects often remain unclear. Opportunities to burn within prescriptive meteorological windows vary seasonally and along biogeographical gradients, particularly in mountainous terrain where topography can alter fire behavior. Managers often seek to expand the number of burn days available to accomplish their management objectives, such as hazardous fuel reduction, control of less desired vegetation, and wildlife habitat establishment and maintenance. For this study, we compared prescribed burns conducted in the dormant and early growing seasons in the southern Appalachian Mountains to evaluate how burn outcomes may be affected by environmental factors related to season of burn. The early growing season was defined as the narrow phenological window between bud break and full leaf-out. Proportion of plot area burned, surface fuel consumption, and time-integrated thermocouple heating were quantified and evaluated to determine potential relationships with fuel moisture and topographic and meteorological variables. Results: Our results suggested that both time-integrated thermocouple heating and its variability were greater in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns. These differences were noted even though fuel consumption did not vary by season of burn. The variability of litter consumption and woody fuelbed height reduction were greater in dormant season burns than in early growing season burns. Warmer air temperatures and lower fuel moisture, interacting with topography, likely contributed to these seasonal differences and resulted in more burn coverage in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns. Conclusions: Dormant season and early growing season burns in southern Appalachian forests consumed similar amounts of fuel where fire spread. Notwithstanding, warmer conditions in early growing season burns are likely to result in fire spread to parts of the landscape left unburnt in dormant season burns. We conclude that early growing season burns may offer a viable option for furthering the pace and scale of prescribed fire to achieve management objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]