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In 1829, August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, who was later to write "Das Lied der Deutschen," published one of the first scholarly articles on what was known as the Gaunersprache (rogues' language), Rotwelsch. His article included a poem in Rotwelsch he had written himself. Against the backdrop of Hoffmann's nationalist persuasion and participation in the nationalist project of Germanistik, this paper discusses the question of why he turned to writing in a language he portrays in the same article as hybrid and criminal. Informed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's concept of minor literature, this analysis of the poem itself and of its publication context concludes that Hoffmann participates in an older tradition of inverted minor literature in Rotwelsch, that is, a literature that a majority constructs within a minor language. Thus, Hoffmann's poem appears as an attempt at naturalizing Germanness by ascribing the artificial and deterritorializing aspects of any language to the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critique is presented of poems such as "Planetarium," "The Demon Lover," and "The Burning of Paper Instead of Children" by Adrienne Rich, which allude to the Vietnam War and Rich's understanding of feminism. Rich's involvement in the civil rights and anti-war movements in the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s is discussed, as well as her belief in pacifism.

One of the most striking characteristics of Raoul Schrott's and Durs Grünbein's poetry is its thematisation of science. Schrott and Grünbein are remarkably different contemporary poets however: in this paper I suggest that their conflicting uses of science in poetry constitute a useful point of comparison. Schrott's scientists are poet-like figures who see the world in a new way, extending perspective and providing an example to the modern-day lyric subject. For Schrott, science is a set of metaphors, a benign language of poetry. In Grünbein's poetry, science is a threat, a dominant, sanitising influence on modern life which, far from raising up humans as adventurers and explorers, diminishes them. Science here reveals only the serious meaninglessness of life and is taken up in the poetry as bravura and provocation. In this paper I demonstrate these tendencies through close textual analysis of a variety of poems by Schrott and Grünbein which were written in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the site of Hong Kong as a growing one for works of the imagination. This globalized financial centre with its many contradictions and anomalies may yet be tamed by writing; and, in process of which, may arrive at a more definite sense of identity. As a sample of Hong Kong poetry in English, works of some local poets are introduced here, and these poems are included in the final section. Four poems by Louise Ho are included in the appendix to the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: In recent years, interest in Hong Kong poetry in English has grown remarkably. Amidst all the excitement, the question has arisen as to how to define Hong Kong poetry in English. This paper is an attempt to provide an answer from linguistics. Subsumed under this controversy are three questions: What is poetry? What is good poetry? What is Hong Kong poetry? The first question has to take into account the revived interest in relating literary English to the general use of English. The second one relates to literary standards, which are inevitably tied to cultural norms of interaction and interpretation. The last one can be answered with reference to sociolinguistic concepts of speech communities. The paper deals briefly with the first two questions and focuses on the last. It affirms the existence of Hong Kong poetry in English. Each poet writing in or for Hong Kong may identify with more than one poetic community just as many users of English in Hong Kong may communicate with more than one group of English speakers. The application of linguistics to the task of defining Hong Kong poetry should offer insights towards a framework for identifying literary communities elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the errors in Charles Spearman's paper wherein he introduced the concept of General Intelligence. Recalculation of the statistics of the paper; Introduction of the concept of General Intelligence or g; Proposal to consider the intellectual and sensory measures as assessments of general functions of intelligence.

This article focuses on the demise of the GDR, not as is often the case by looking at how it is nostalgically remembered or retrospectively re-imagined, but more literally. Recent literature from the former GDR has been characterised by a fascination with death but also with spectrality; the revenant undead in the form of ghosts, spectres, vampires, and zombies. A notable example is the revival of the medieval ‘danse macabre’ in a series of contemporary ‘Neue Totentänze’ (2002). This preoccupation links with those recent poetological programmes that have focused on the archaeological excavation of memory, but also with the interest in time which has been noted by a number of observers. However, there is more at stake: an ironic take on Marx and the loss of ideals, a concern with work, an exploration of literature as ‘postscript’, and a fascination with epochal lateness which chimes with contemporary international interests. This paper will focus on lyric and prose texts by Volker Braun – Tumulus (1999), Auf die schönen Possen (2005) and Machwerk oder das Schichtbuch des Flick von Lauchhammer (2008) – to explore how the ‘last words’ of the GDR offer a political and aesthetic rejoinder to a depleted contemporary reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book reviewed in this issue. The Dogs of Journalism. STEVEN BARNETT. Flat Earth News, by Nick Davies. Public intellectual: The art of making oneself up. Richard Mullender. Philosophy as Cultural Politics: Philosophical Papers, Volume 4, by Richard Rorty. The Second Plane: September 11: 2001–2007, by Martin Amis. Planning and all that. Matthew Grant. From Dreams to Disillusionment: Economic and Social Planning in 1960s Britain, by Glen O'Hara. Let a hundred flowers bloom. Munira Mirza Provoking Democracy: Why We Need the Arts, by Caroline Levine. How to change your brains. Dick Pountain On Deep History and the Brain, by Daniel Lord Smail. ‘Clean’ torture. Caroline Fournet Torture and Democracy, by Darius Rejali. Reforming Italy. Gianfranco Pasquino Political Institutions in Italy, by Maurizio Cotta and Luca Verzichelli. Choice and competition in health care. Jennifer Dixon The Other Invisible Hand: Delivering Public Services through Competition and Choice, by Julian Le Grand, Afterword by Alain Enthoven. Who is afraid of politics?. Meg Russell Politics and the People: A History of British Democracy since 1918, by Kevin Jefferys. Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work, by Gerry Stoker, Palgrave Macmillan. Why We Hate Politics, by Colin Hay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book reviwed in this articles. The Seeds of Democracy: Early Elections in Colonial New South Wales. By M.M.H. Thompson “No Fit Place for Women”? Women in New South Wales Politics, 1856-2006. Edited by Deborah Brennan and Louise Chappell The Hitler Club. By Gary Gumpl and Richard Kleinig Cabinet Government in Australia, 1901-2006. By Patrick Weller Deported: A History of Forced Departures from Australia. By Glenn Nicholls Behind Closed Doors: Politics, Scandals and the Lobbying Industry. By John Warhurst Capitalist Networks and Social Power in Australia and New Zealand. By Georgina Murray Writing Party History: Papers from a Seminar held at Parliament House, Sydney, May 2006. Edited by David Clune and Ken Turner No, Prime Minister: Reclaiming Politics from Leaders. By James Walter and Paul Strangio Great Mistakes of Australian History. Edited by Martin Crotty and David Andrew Roberts Violence and Colonial Dialogue: The Australian-Pacific Indentured Labor Trade. By Tracey Banivanua-Mar Redefining the Pacific? Regionalism, Past, Present and Future. Edited by Jenny Bryant-Tolalau and Ian Frazer. Builders of Empire: Freemasons and British Imperialism, 1717-1927. By Jessica L. Harland-Jacobs The Victorians: An Age in Retrospect. By John Gardiner Thomas Carlyle. By John Morrow Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life. By Mark Francis The Irish General Thomas Francis Meagher. By Paul R. Wylie Hitler's Bavarian Antagonist. Georg Moenius and the Allgemeine Rundschau of Munich, 1929-1933. By Gregory Munro Legitimizing Military Rule: Indonesian Armed Forces Ideology, 1958-2000. By Salim Said Soeharto's Armed Forces: Problems of Civil Military Relations in Indonesia. By Salim Said Democratic Accountability: Why Choice in Politics is Both Possible and Necessary. By Leif Lewin War in Human Civilization. By Azar Gat The Law of Armed Conflict: Constraints on the Contemporary Use of Military Force. Edited by Howard M. Hensel The One and the Many: Reading Isaiah Berlin. Edited by George Crowder and Henry Hardy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Tylor had envisioned anthropology to be comprised of ethnology and ethnography in equal parts, but today ethnography dominates the field. In this paper, we examine two reasons for the refugee status of ethnology. First, we look at the notorious "Galton effect." Second, we examine the problem of defining and using cultural units, particularly when positivistic and static theories and methods of culture have been largely discredited by anthropology. We argue against any formulaic solutions to these problems and show that for each research question one needs to reconsider the criteria for how to construct cultural units and how to ensure that the cultures under study are not merely replicas of one another. We show that previous solutions to these issues are limited because they fail to appreciate the contingent and multidimensional nature of culture. We also argue that, instead of a "Galton problem," there is actually a "Galton asset," which can be used to study historical and emergent communicative networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper focuses on issues relating to the role components of clinical nurse specialists and clinical research nurses working in breast cancer care. • Identified issues relate to the lack of agreement as to the role and definition of clinical nurse specialists. At the same time there has been an increase and emergence of clinical research nurses, both within the NHS and university departments. • The review fails to reveal the relationship between these two specialist groups in terms of role overlap and role boundaries. • The lack of knowledge in this area substantiates the need for further research to be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The widespread inclusion of companion animals into the homes and lives of humans has prompted a considerable amount of research into the health benefits of such relationships. • Findings seem to confirm that if humans interact with companion animals they are likely to experience various health benefits. • Programmes that encourage and facilitate pet visiting schemes in hospitals have developed and animals can often be found in in-patient and long-term care facilities, with the aim of contributing towards a positive therapeutic milieu. • Despite supportive research evidence, the adoption of such a therapeutic activity may have been restricted by the belief that client safety could be compromised by an increase in the risk of infection acquired from animals, allergic responses and bites. • This paper explores the literature on these risks and concludes that, in a controlled health care environment in urban Europe or North America and with responsible human behaviour the potential benefits of sharing our lives with companion animals, either at home or hospital, far outweigh the apparently insignificant risks. • Recommendations aimed at limiting the potential risk of infection and guidelines for the safe management of pet therapy are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Rimbaud's poem "Nocturne vulgaire" (Illuminations). The paper concerns itself with the structural development of the poem, tracing its evolution from a failed imaginative journey of the self to a more satisfying one. Essentially, the study argues that the text reinvents itself and ultimately represents not one poem, but two - a phenomenon seen passim in the Illuminations. Close reference is made to how 'Nocturne vulgaire' adopts and deviates from Alfred de Vigny's poem 'La Maison du berger'. Finally, the article considers the indebtedness of the piece to both music and painting and asks in what ways the Rimbaldian nocturne redefines these sources of inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Books reviewed in this section: Christopher Brown, Hans Vlieghe et al, Anthony Van Dyck 1599–1641 Ger Luijten and Carl Depauw (eds), Saskia Sombogaart, Eric Duverger, Ad Stijman, Anthony Van Dyck as a Printmaker Essays by Dennis Farr, Michael Peppiatt and Sally Yard, Francis Bacon: A Retrospective Matthew Gale, Francis Bacon: Working on Paper V A Gusev, Evgenia Petrova, Irina Karasik, New Art for a New Era: Malevich’s Vision of the Russian Avant-Garde from the Collection of the State Russian Museum, St Petersburg Barbara Haskell et al, The American Century: Art and Culture 1900–2000 Part I Stephen Lloyd, Raeburn’s Rival, Archibald Skirving 1749–1819 Christopher Wright, The Cabinet Picture: Dutch and Flemish Masters of the Seventeenth Century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are situations in which implicit logrolling is possible among several issues. It has been shown by ANTHONY DOWNS that in such a situation the opposition party can always win elections in a two-party system by putting together in its platform alternatives out of these issues preferred by different minorities, provided the governing party has to announce its platform first. The political system is unstable, since the party in power will be beaten irrespective of the policies selected. It is proved in the paper that the system can be stabilized if some of the respective minorities form interest groups. In this case the parties' platforms have to follow the wishes of the interest groups favouring their members to the disadvantage of unorganised voters. Parties are powerless and the same platform will be selected as long as the parameters of the system are unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the book "Social Mobility in the Caste System in India. An Interdisciplinary Symposium," edited by James Silverberg. In the book, author aim to further an understanding of the nature, extent and significance of social mobility in a caste system and to uncover the mechanisms and determinants involved. The book offers a review of the sociological concern with social mobility in the caste system as a general set of processes. A set of four papers presents and evaluates evidence concerning social mobility, based in three instances on recent first-hand observations and in the fourth on data extracted from the medieval period by the techniques of the historian. The first two papers are the products of anthropological field research in rural communities: a South Indian case by researcher Edward B. Harper, who combines ethnographic and ethnohistorical methods; a North Indian case by researcher William L. Rowe, who gathered his ethnographic data not only among the Caubans of the village in which he lived but also from their city-dwelling caste fellows, the politicians and other professionals whom he interviewed in Bombay, India and several urban centres of North India.

Michael McLure. The Paretian School and Italian Fiscal Sociology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 363 pp. $95 (cloth). ISBN 1-4039-9953-8 Conrad Swartz and Edward Shorter. Psychotic Depression. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 327 pp. $85 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-521-87822-7 Mark Patton. Science, Politics and Business in the Work of Sir John Lubbock. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007. 270 pp. $99 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-7546-5321-9 Erik Banks. Ernst Mach's World Elements. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. 289 pp. $119 (cloth). ISBN 1-4020-1662-X Philip Zelazo, Morris Moscovitch, and Evan Thompson (Eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 981 pp. $70 (paper). ISBN 978-0-521-67412-6 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David Brendel. Healing Psychiatry: Bridging the Science/Humanism Divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. 208 pp. $26 (cloth) ISBN 0-262-02594-9. David Livingstone and Charles Withers. Geography and Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 440 pp. $45 (cloth) ISBN: 0-226-48733-4. Sanford Schram and Brian Caterino. Making Political Science Matter. New York: New York University Press, 2006. 304 pp. $24 (paper) ISBN: 0-8147-4033-2. Dieter Borchmeyer. Drama and the World of Richard Wagner. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. 391 pp. (cloth) ISBN 0-691-11497-8. Arnold Goldberg. Moral Stealth: How “Correct Behavior” Insinuates Itself Into Psychotherapeutic Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 144 pp. $32 (cloth) ISBN 0-226-30120-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "European Studies in Development," by J. De Bandt, P. Mandi and D. Seers. The book contains 27 research papers on European development, European policy and world development, and Third World development. It also contains a brief introduction and rationale of the 1978 conference of the "European Association of Development Institutes" in Milan. The book applies the concept of centre-periphery and socio-economic indicators to the European countries. Papers on themes such as trade relationships, commodity prices and stabilization funds, aid, the cultural needs of migrant workers and solar energy as a candidate for appropriate technology are present. The diversity of approaches and of themes in Third World development is well illustrated in the book. The papers in this book deal with an enormous range of development themes. Choice of research, technology and education are discussed implicitly against local appraisals. The book sought to balance the broader distillations from development with the help of detailed records from which new attitudes emerge.

This paper discusses an anonymous incident reporting scheme to reduce drug administration error on the hospital ward, as part of an effective, non-punitive, systems-focused approach to safety. Drug error is costly in terms of increased hospital stay, resources consumed, patient harm, lives lost and careers ruined. Safety initiatives that focus, not on blaming individuals, but on improving the wider system in which personnel work have been adopted in a number of branches of health care. However, in nursing, blame remains the predominant approach for dealing with error, and the ward has seen little application of the systems approach to safety. Safety interventions founded on an effective incident scheme typically pay for themselves in terms of dollar savings arising from averted harm. Recent calls for greater health-care safety require finding new ways to make drug administration safer throughout the hospital, and the scope for such safety gains on the hospital ward remains considerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Peasants in History: Essays in Honor of Daniel Thorner," edited by E.J. Hobsbawm, W. Kulla, A. Mitra, K. N. Raj and I. Sachs. The article points out that the book is an impressive memorial to Daniel Thorner, a prolific scholar in the distinction of the contributors and the wide range of issues, which have been taken to be representative of Thorner's concerns. The collection is an interesting reflection not only of Thorner's interests, but also of the current state of the literature on peasants. The book is divided into different sections and the first section of the book contains papers relating to European peasantries. The second section focuses on India and Asia and the third section raises policy issues relating to economic development. Themes of peasants and capitalism, differentiation amongst the peasantry, reform, and peasants and socialism are also highlighted in the book. The book features the elimination of the peasantry in Scotland, the persistence of magnetization amongst Polish peasants during the second serfdom, the changing character of Indian villages and the long-term impact of land reform on peasants and landlords.

Presents the article 'Sensation,' by William Kraemer published in the 1978 issue of the journal 'The Tottenham Papers, Human Growing.'

The first issue of a new orthodontic journal appeared at the beginning of this year. The European Journal of Orthodontics is to be published quarterly by the European Orthodontic Society. The new journal will function as a normal scientific journal, including a wider range of papers. The first editorial emphasizes the fact that the European contribution to orthodontics, both in research and practice, has not been as well publicized as it deserves to be.