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Background: The problem of injection drug use in public bathrooms has been documented from the perspectives of people who inject drugs and service industry employees (SIEs). Previous studies suggest that SIEs are unaware of how to respond to opioid overdoses, yet there are no behavioral interventions designed for SIEs to address their specific needs. In response to this gap in the field, we constructed, implemented, and evaluated a three-module behavioral intervention for SIEs grounded in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model. This paper focuses on the evaluation of one module, namely, the intervention component addressing overdose response and naloxone administration (ORNA).Methods: Participants were SIEs (N = 18 from two separate business establishments) recruited using convenience sampling. The study utilized a pre-/post-test concurrent nested mixed method design and collected quantitative and qualitative data including an evaluation of the intervention module. The primary outcomes were opioid overdose-related knowledge and attitudes. Acceptability was also assessed.Results: SIEs demonstrated significant improvements (p <  0.01, Cohen's d = 1.45) in opioid overdose-related knowledge as well as more positive opioid overdose-related attitudes (p< 0.01, Cohen's d = 2.45) following the intervention. Participants also reported high levels of acceptability of the module and suggestions for improvement (i.e., more role-playing).Conclusions: This study highlights the acceptability and evidence of efficacy of the ORNA module, as well as the utility of training SIEs in ORNA. The expansion of this training to other SIEs and public employees (librarians, etc.) who manage public bathrooms warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides about the spring meeting of the American Psychological Association's Division of Psychoanalysis held in Waldorf Astoria, New York City. The title of the panel was "Swimming Against the Paradigm Tide: Practicing Analysis Today." The papers presented during the meeting were authored by Robert Prince, Marylou Lionells and David Anderegg.

Presented in this paper are the results of a qualitative analysis of the narratives of 208 homeless youth interviewed on streets and in agencies in New York City and Toronto. The interviews focused on the participants' stories about their struggles to survive and negotiate meaningful and healthy lives in coming to the streets, living on the streets, and finding ways off the streets. Analysis of the narratives revealed shifts in the youths' senses of self/identity, and related understandings of agency, self-worth, value systems, and connectedness in their various efforts to adapt to a range of street and nonstreet contexts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes a high frequency dataset on taxi rides in New York City to investigate how emotions due to sporting event outcomes affect passengers’ tipping behavior. I formulate and empirically test a reference-dependent preferences framework of tipping behavior. The results indicate that the tipping amounts are driven by deviations from expectations much more so than wins and losses, with the most salient effects found under unexpected close wins. However, there is no support for loss aversion. The findings suggest that loss averse behavior may be subdued in the presence of social norms while surprises can result in freedom on the upside of tipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the familiar and intimate correspondence between poor boys from America's industrial cities (ages twelve to eighteen) who were confined to the George Junior Republic, a Progressive-Era juvenile reform program, and Thomas Mott Osborne, the organization's board chairman and wealthy benefactor. By focusing on the social act of writing letters and the relationships these acts engendered, it uncovers the dynamic interplay of interest, power, and feelings in the relationships of the boys and their patron Osborne. In doing so, the essay complicates the more familiar view of such relationships as instruments of social control. Regarding the "friendships" as the boys and Osborne believed them to be--that is, as actual friendships--reveals the intense emotional ties that boimd the boys and their older and more powerful benefactor across hierarchies of age, class, and ethnicity. The letters show that friendship between the comparatively powerful and powerless was not only possible; it also tempered the inequalities of incarceration and enabled the boys to resist the more coercive instruments of uplift by declaring their right to sympathy, compassion, and love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. We examine the association between high ambient temperature and acute mental health-related healthcare encounters in New York City for children, adolescents and young adults. Methods. This case-crossover study included emergency department (ED) visits and hospital encounters with a primary diagnosis of any mental health disorder during warm-season months (June-August) in New York City from 2005 to 2011 from patients of three age groups (6-11, 12-17 and 18-25 years). Using a distributed lag non-linear model over 0-5 lag days, by fitting a conditional logistic regression for each age group, we calculated the cumulative odds ratios of mental health encounters associated with an elevated temperature. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity, payment source and mental health categories to elucidate vulnerable subpopulations. Results. In New York City, there were 82,982 mental health-related encounters for young people aged 6 to 25 years during our study period months. Elevated temperature days were associated with higher risk of mental health-related ED and hospital encounters for the 6- to 11-year-olds (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.46), for the 12- to 17-year-olds (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.25) and for the 18- to 25-year-olds (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15). Children with reaction disorders, adolescents with anxiety and bipolar disorders, young adults with psychosis and reaction disorders and Black and non-Hispanic children and adolescents showed vulnerability to elevated temperature. Conclusions. We found that elevated ambient temperatures were associated with acute mental health ED or hospital encounters across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current economic crisis has provoked concern about its effect on the lives of individuals including the mental health of Americans. Drawing from social capital and social buffer research, this paper examines the relationship between economic insecurity and mental health, and the extent to which social buffers provided through support networks help ameliorate poor mental health. An omnibus survey distributed to 329 residents of a major metropolitan city during the spring of 2009 revealed that part-time employment and economic hardship do have a significant negative impact on mental health, and that social support is important in mediating this relationship. Contrary to previous research, this study has determined that race, ethnicity, and being unemployed are not significantly related to mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, an extraordinary number of `everyday New Yorkers' turned out on the streets of lower Manhattan to photographically record the events as they happened. The result was a profusion of amateur images that captured not only the shock and devastation generated by the attacks, but also the vitality and urgency of the public's response to 9/11. For many, the act of photography—of 'bearing witness' to the tragedy—offered a vehicle by which to move from the personal act of `seeing' to being part of a collective working through trauma together. This paper addresses these public acts of personal witnessing and the subsequent efforts made to facilitate a space in which 'everyday New Yorkers' could structure their own collective memory of 9/11. In the process, it negotiates the ways in which much of the work on trauma and witnessing has failed to account for the ways in which these acts reach their audiences. How does the 'collective' suffer in the first place and how does this suffering become externalised in the form of cultural representations of trauma? More importantly, how, and to what extent, are these cultural representations shaped or informed by the social domains in which they are produced? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article profiles scholars Kurt Lewin and Ethel Tobach. Lewin was born in Germany in 1980. he was educated there and began his career at the Berlin Psychological Institute, then dominated by two of the founders of Gestalt psychology, Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler. Lewin left Germany in 1930. By 1933, Adolf Hitler came to power, he realized that as a Jew and as a natural democrat, he must sever all ties with Nazi Germany. On the other hand, Tobach received her B.A. from Hunter College in New York City, then part of the city's great achievements, a network of free city colleges. She received her Ph.D., in 1957 from New York university, where she began her long collaboration with the great comparative psychologist, T.C. Schneirla. While in everything Dr. Tobach does there is a concern for social issues, some of her appointments reflect that concern in a more specific way: Representative of the United Nations for the Association for Women in Psychology, member of the Board of Social and Ethical Responsibility in Psychology, and member of the APA Council of Representative from Division 9, SPSSI.

Theory suggests that reputations allow nonanonymous markets to attenuate adverse selection in trading. We identify instances in which New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) stocks experience trading floor relocations. Although specialists follow the stocks to their new locations, most brokers do not. We find a discernable increase in liquidity costs around a stock's relocation that is larger for stocks with higher adverse selection and greater broker turnover. We also find that floor brokers relocating with the stock obtain lower trading costs than brokers not moving and brokers beginning trading post-move. Our results suggest that reputation plays an important role in the NYSE's liquidity provision process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the lived experiences of Chinese immigrant parents in New York City who went through prolonged separation and faced challenges after reunification in the United States. The study assessed their attitudes, perceptions, and reactions to the separation and reunification process to gain better understanding of the ways prolonged separation and reunification impact on child development and family wellbeing. A phenomenological research approach was used to study qualitatively the narrative data from in-depth interviews. The analytical process was based on data immersion, coding, sorting codes into themes, and comparing the themes across interviews. The sample included 18 Chinese immigrant families who had sent their American-born children to China for rearing and reunited with their children within the past 5 years. Data analyses revealed specific themes that included reasons for separation, parenting methods, child's initial adjustment, behavior, and family relationship, child's social, emotional, and academic challenges, parental stress and challenges, and recommendations for services. This study contributed to our knowledge of prolonged separation, a common practice among a vulnerable, hard-to-reach immigrant population. It shed light on specific needs of Chinese immigrant families by examining closely the unique circumstances pertaining to prolonged separation, parenting practice, and related family challenges. An understanding of the approaches these families adopt to cope with life challenges may help inform practitioners in formulating service strategies for these families. Specific assessments in child-care, education, and health care settings are essential to prompt immediate follow-up and intervention when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the extent to which child-care centre menus prepared in advance correspond with food and beverage items served to children. The authors identified centre and staff characteristics that were associated with matches between menus and what was served.DesignMenus were collected from ninety-five centres in New York City (NYC). Direct observation of foods and beverages served to children were conducted during 524 meal and snack times at these centres between April and June 2010, as part of a larger study designed to determine compliance of child-care centres with city health department regulations for nutrition.SettingChild-care centres were located in low-income neighbourhoods in NYC.ResultsOverall, 87 % of the foods and beverages listed on the menus or allowed as substitutions were served. Menu items matched with foods and beverages served for all major food groups by >60 %. Sweets and water had lower match percentages (40 and 32 %, respectively), but water was served 68 % of the time when it was not listed on the menu. The staff person making the food and purchasing decisions predicted the match between the planned or substituted items on the menus and the foods and beverages served.ConclusionsIn the present study, child-care centre menus included most foods and beverages served to children. Menus planned in advance have potential to be used to inform parents about which child-care centre to send their child or what foods and beverages their enrolled children will be offered throughout the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout human history, social groups have invested immense amounts of wealth and time to keep threatening out-groups at a distance. In the current research, we explored the relationship between intergroup threat, physical distance, and discrimination. Specifically, we examined how intergroup threat alters estimates of physical distance to out-groups and how physical proximity affects intergroup relations. Previous research has found that people judge threatening out-groups as physically close. In Studies 1 and 2, we examined ways to attenuate this bias. In Study 1 a secure (vs. permeable) US-Mexico border reduced the estimated proximity to Mexico City among Americans who felt threatened by Mexican immigration. In Study 2, intergroup apologies reduced estimates of physical proximity to a threatening cross-town rival university, but only among participants with cross-group friendships. In Study 3, New York Yankees fans who received an experimental induction of physical proximity to a threatening out-group (Boston Red Sox) had a stronger relationship between their collective identification with the New York Yankees and support for discriminatory policies toward members of the out-group (Red Sox fans) as well as how far they chose to sit from out-group members (Red Sox fans). Together, these studies suggest that intergroup threat alters judgment of physical properties, which has important implications for intergroup relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the degree of burden of care and the proportion at risk of depression among individuals caring for legally blind patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 486 individuals providing care to their family members who were legally blind. Best-corrected visual acuity of the better-seeing eye in patients determined group placement: Group 1, 20/200–10/200; group 2, 10/200 to light perception (LP); group 3, no light perception (NLP); group VF, visual field loss to <20 central degrees. Burden was evaluated using the Burden Index of Caregivers (BIC-11) and the prevalence at risk of depression was determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: Total mean BIC-11 scores ranged from 8.78 ± 4.82 (group 1) to 12.03 ± 5.22 (group 3;p= 0.04). Daily hours spent on close supervision, intensity of caregiving and presence of multiple chronic illnesses in caregivers were the significant covariates affecting BIC-11 scores (p< 0.05). The prevalence of caregivers at risk of depression increased with vision loss from 6.9% (group 1) to 17.9% (group 3;p< 0.05). Female caregivers had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.89 for depression (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.07–3.97;p= 0.04). Caregivers with ≥2 comorbidities had OR 4.24 (95% CI 2.41–6.11) for risk of depression (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Burden of care was highest among caregivers who provided greater hours of supervision. Patients with more limitations in their activities of daily living had caregivers who reported higher burden. Female caregivers and caregivers with multiple chronic illnesses were at higher risk of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: No global positioning system (GPS) technology study has been conducted among a sample of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM). As such, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using GPS methods to understand the spatial context of substance use and sexual risk behaviors among a sample of YMSM in New York City, a high-risk population. Methods: Data came from a subsample of the ongoing P18 Cohort Study (n = 75). GPS feasibility and acceptability among participants was measured with: 1) a pre- and post-survey and 2) adherence to the GPS protocol which included returning the GPS device, self-report of charging and carrying the GPS device as well as objective data analyzed from the GPS devices. Analyses of the feasibility surveys were treated as repeated measures as each participant had a pre- and post-feasibility survey. When comparing the similar GPS survey items asked at baseline and at follow-up, we present percentages and associated p-values based on chi-square statistics. Results: Participants reported high ratings of pre-GPS acceptability, ease of use, and low levels of wear-related concerns in addition to few concerns related to safety, loss, or appearance, which were maintained after baseline GPS feasibility data collection. The GPS return rate was 100%. Most participants charged and carried the GPS device on most days. Of the total of 75 participants with GPS data, 75 (100%) have at least one hour of GPS data for one day and 63 (84%) had at least one hour on all 7 days. Conclusions: Results from this pilot study demonstrate that utilizing GPS methods among YMSM is feasible and acceptable. GPS devices may be used in spatial epidemiology research in YMSM populations to understand place-based determinants of health such as substance use and sexual risk behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing free HIV screening within public housing sites offers the potential for increased participation of at-risk populations. Residential-based screening, however, raises concerns about privacy because of the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS and even to the testing for HIV. This study examined the effectiveness of offering HIV screening within a public housing high-rise in upstate New York. Through interviews with both women who obtained testing and those who did not, this study explored the tension between convenience and privacy concerns. The findings suggest that offering HIV screening where people live could encourage participation in the screenings, as well as lead to a destigmatization of HIV testing over time. Some women chose to eschew the convenience of on-site testing in favor of a more private venue for screening, whereas some women responded positively to the accessibility of on-site testing, using communicative strategies to manage privacy concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Through the reflections of interviewees from New York, Montreal, and Sydney, this article investigates the affective qualities of urban ruins and the role they have played in gay male experience and identity construction from 1970 to 2000. Along with other places on the margins of regulated space, urban ruins operate as points of transition—passages from reason to myth at the interstices of ordered urban space. The article argues that the sensual feelings and memories conjured by these ruins enable alternative modes of being for gay men that stand in contrast to the more regimented modes of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was conducted on variations and commonalities of sexual offenders and heroin abusers and how they manage stigma in their everyday lives. Interviews with 13 sex offenders (SOs) and 44 heroin abusers (HAs) were conducted in New York City. Results suggest that both SOs and HAs disclose or conceal their stigmatized status based on their relationship to others and the situations in which they anticipate social condemnation. Both groups have formed intra-group hierarchies based on status, where child molesters and heroin abusers receive the most disdain. Some heroin abusers manage their stigma by engaging in behavior that we termredemptive passing, in which stigmatized individuals attempt to pass as non-stigmatized through deceptive means in order to make amends for prior harms they have caused. The stigmatization of sex offenders and heroin abusers has important implications for health, as members of these groups are less likely to seek treatment in order to distance themselves from their stigmatizing status. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: In 1993–1994, a psychosocial intervention conducted in New York City significantly improved outcomes for parents living with HIV and their adolescent children over six years. We examine if the intervention benefits are similar for adolescents of mothers living with HIV (MLH) in 2004–2005 in Los Angeles when MLH’s survival had increased substantially. Methods: Adolescents of MLH in Los Angeles (N = 256) aged 12–20 years old were randomized with their MLH to either: 1) a standard care condition (n = 120 adolescent-MLH dyads); or 2) an intervention condition consisting of small group activities to build coping skills (n = 136 adolescent-MLH dyads, 78% attended the intervention). At 18 months, 94.7% of adolescents were reassessed. Longitudinal structural equation modeling examined if intervention participation impacted adolescents’ relationships with parents and their sexual risk behaviors. Results: Compared to the standard care, adolescents in the intervention condition reported significantly more positive family bonds 18 months later. Greater participation by MLH predicted fewer family conflicts, and was indirectly associated with less adolescent sexual risk behavior at the 18 month follow-up assessment. Anticipated developmental patterns were observed - sexual risk acts increased with age. Reports were also consistent with anticipated gender roles; girls reported better bonds with their mothers at 18 months, compared to boys. Conclusions: Adolescents of MLH have better bonds with their mothers as a function of participating in a coping skills intervention and reduced sexual risk-taking as a function of MLH intervention involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses presentations on the history of psychology at the March 2010 annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association held in Brooklyn, New York. Papers by various scholars are mentioned, including ones on the history of intelligence testing by Bernard Beins, on the social psychology of disability by Dana Dunn, and on incorporating history into nonhistory psychology courses by Ronald Sheese.

Using the migration narratives collected during a qualitative study of immigrant adolescent girls from 35 nations living in New York City, this article explores the intersection between adolescence and migration, and how adolescent immigrant girls' family relationships are impacted by the pattern of their migration. Unit of migration, e.g. intact family, parent/child, and/or process of migration e.g. mother-first and prolonged parent-child separations, were found to frequently presage positive or negative post-arrival family experiences. The findings suggest the need for social work scholars and practitioners to focus more on the dynamic intersection of migration patterns and adolescent development. The article identifies specific interventions that may reduce the occurrence of immigrant related stresses amongst adolescents, as well as areas for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing literature mostly based on retrospective surveys has been consistently documenting a correlation between physical abuse in childhood (CPA) and substance abuse in adulthood (ASA). This article uses ethnographic data to reveal the processes behind and context of this linkage for one population—poor, inner-city New York residents who became crack users. Life in the inner city is qualitatively different than in more fortunate circumstances. CPA is but one of numerous stressors and factors contributing to ASA. Approximately half of the subjects reported clear recollections of being physically beaten by their mothers or their various male partners. Although several denied being beaten in childhood, they typically reported various forms of physical assaults that they “deserved.” Physical assaults, especially by mothers, were often understood as expressions of love. As such, these respondents viewed their ongoing physical assaults as an ordinary part of their childhood and adolescence. Such physical punishment also socialized and prepared children for the violence that would likely occur during their childhood in their inner-city communities. This analysis highlights how reducing substance abuse in the inner city may require a much more comprehensive effort than a focus on reducing CPA. These findings also have important implications for quantitative research regarding CPA and ASA. Such studies should subdivide their analyses by socioeconomic status to more clearly measure how much of a risk factor CPA represents among wealthier populations and how much not being abused may serve as a protective factor among poor inner-city populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The development of youth psychopathology may be associated with direct and continuous contact with a different culture (acculturation) and to distress related to this process (cultural stress). We examine cultural experiences of Puerto Rican families in relation to youth psychiatric symptoms in two different contexts: one in which migrant Puerto Ricans reside on the mainland as an ethnic minority and another in which they reside in their place of origin. Methods: Sample: Probability samples of 10- to 13-year-old youth of Puerto Rican background living in the South Bronx, New York City (SB) and in the San Juan Metropolitan area in Puerto Rico (PR) ( N = 1,271) were followed over time. Measures: Three assessments of internalizing psychiatric symptoms (elicited through the DISC-IV) and of antisocial behaviors (ASB) quantified through a six-point index were carried out. Independent variables included scales of adult and child acculturation and cultural stress, and other putative correlates. Data analysis: Within each study site, multilevel linear regression models were examined. Results: Parental acculturation was associated with ASB in youth at both sites, but youth acculturation itself was not related to psychiatric symptoms. At both contexts, cultural stress was a more consistent correlate of youth psychiatric symptoms than acculturation after controlling for nativity, maternal education, child gender, stressful life events and parental psychopathology. However, the strength of the youth cultural stress association decreased over time. Conclusion: The association between cultural factors and child psychiatric symptoms is not restricted to contexts where an ethnic group is a minority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the mental and physical health status and psychological problems related to the September 11th terrorist incidents among a representative sample of adults living near New York City, using continuously time-sampled data collected throughout 2001. Prevalence estimates for poor mental or physical health after September 11th (October through December) were comparable to those for the entire year of 2001 (i.e. approximately 33%). Psychological problems related to the terrorist incidents were reported by more than half of the respondents, and appeared to peak in prevalence approximately two to three months following the incidents, followed by a decline in the next month and subsequent year. Poor mental health, female gender, media re-exposure, and ongoing or increased alcohol use were risk factors for psychological problems, while older age (65+ years old) and being married were protective factors. Risk factors for poor physical and mental health or psychological problems were generally stable over the three-month period following September 11th, but some changes were identified consistent with stage models of post-disaster psychological adjustment. Implications are discussed for using continuous time-sampling as a strategy to research patterns of relatively acute stress-related sequelae of terrorism in populations whose members are affected despite primarily not having been at the disaster epicenter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A communication framework of persuasion and attitude change was utilized to analyze parent-adolescent communication about adolescent risk behavior. Three parent dimensions were deemed important: (a) perceived expertise, (b) perceived trustworthiness, and (c) perceived accessibility. Data were collected in surveys from 668 mother-adolescent dyads in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in New York City (N = 668). Results showed weak correspondence between how expert, trustworthy, and accessible mothers thought they were on the one hand and how their sons and daughters characterized them on the other. All dimensions were related to how often adolescents said they talked with their mothers about a risk behavior, which, in turn, was predictive of lower levels of adolescent risk behavior. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project took advantage of the implementation of a major mass transit improvement by New Jersey Transit which provided a "one-seat ride" into New York City for many commuters who previously had to transfer in Hoboken in order to take Port Authority Trans Hudson (PATH) trains into New York City. The creation of this new service provided a natural experiment in which some riders switched to the new route, while others continued to use their previous route. We studied psychological and psychophysiological responses to these commuting options, using a quasi-experimental, pre-post change, field research design. We found that riders on this new line had lower levels of stress, as multiply measured, than they had earlier, before the advent of this new train, or than did other riders currently using the Hoboken-PATH option. The stress effects seemed to be mediated by the time of the trip - that is, the reduced trip time of the new, direct service seemed to be a primary factor in the reduced stress to riders. Predictability of the trip was also inversely correlated with stress, but did not distinguish between the commuter groups. These results were largely replicated with a student group who rode the same lines acting as simulated commuters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of the World Trade Center disaster on the meanings that people attach to their work. In the wake of the attacks, several examples of people changing occupations appeared in the media. An analysis of people's need for increased meaning in their work, and their exodus into work that they view as a calling, is given. It appears that for many, the disaster served to focus attention on what their work was contributing to the wider world. As a result, thousands of people in the United States have decided to pursue different careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to the book "Crime, Poverty and the Streets of New York City: The Diary of William H. Bell 1850-51" by Sean Wilentz.

The article focuses the emotional effects of consumer capitalism in the borough of Manhattan in New York City and the economic and emotional impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. The author discusses a 2008 study of the pleasure associated with expensive wine, or wine that people assumed was expensive through the brain scans of undergraduate students. Additional article topics include the surrender of certain values for the obtainment of luxury goods, goal setting behavior in regard to the desire for money, and society's search for fairness.

Presents the results of a study published in 2004 on the effect of the high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the mental health of women with HIV in New York City. Comparison of the matched samples of infected women with HAART to samples of infected women without the treatment; Reason for the lack of improvement in the patients administered with HAART; Suggestion of researchers to improve the effectiveness of the treatment.