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2. Dyslexia Informational Paper
- Author
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North Dakota Department of Public Instruction
- Abstract
The North Dakota Department of Public Instruction "Guidelines for Serving Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in the Education Setting" (ED591017) recognizes that dyslexia is associated with a specific learning disability in the area of basic reading skills. Students with dyslexia may have difficulty not only with reading, but also with spelling and performing other skills related to the use of printed language. Many students with dyslexia have difficulties identifying separate speech sounds within a word and learning how individual letters represent sounds. A student with dyslexia does not lack intelligence or the desire to learn. This purpose of this document is to provide parents, educators, administrators and others with a resource that may assist in learning more about dyslexia. Additional resources that may increase in understanding dyslexia are listed the end of this document.
- Published
- 2018
3. Can You Hear Us Now? A White Paper on Connecting Minority-Serving Institutions in the West to U.S. Advanced Cyberinfrastructure. Lariat Summit on Minority Institutions and Cyberinfrastructure in the West (Bozeman, Montana, August 14-15, 2006)
- Author
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Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education and Fox, Louis
- Abstract
Advanced information, communication, computation and collaboration technologies, known as "cyberinfrastructure," have become essential elements for research, education, and innovation in the 21st century. A major challenge confronting the United States today is how to ensure that all colleges and universities, including those that have not traditionally benefited from leading-edge research infrastructure, can participate seamlessly in national and multinational cyberinfrastructure-enabled efforts. The minority-serving-institution community has unique expertise, knowledge, and resources to share. Western leaders from the fields of science, education and cyberinfrastructure recognize an urgent need for action. Participants in the 2006 "Lariat Summit on Minority Institutions and Cyberinfrastructure in the West" gathered in Bozeman, Montana to develop strategies and recommendations for connecting minority-serving institutions in the West to national advanced cyberinfrastructure. This document is a first step towards developing both the will and the resources to ensure that minority-serving institutions are among the "connected" institutions in the Western states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. (Contains 2 figures and 11 endnotes.) [Financial support for this white paper was provided by the University of Washington, Internet2, and the Pacific Northwest Gigapop.]
- Published
- 2007
4. Interpretation and Use of K-12 Language Proficiency Assessment Score Reports: Perspectives of Educators and Parents. WCER Working Paper No. 2016-8
- Author
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Center for Education Research (WCER), Kim, Ahyoung Alicia, Kondo, Akira, Blair, Alissa, Mancilla, Lorena, Chapman, Mark, and Wilmes, Carsten
- Abstract
A number of English language proficiency exams target grades K-12 English language learners (ELLs) because of the rising need to identify their needs and provide appropriate support in language learning. A good example is the WIDA ACCESS for ELLs (hereafter ACCESS), designed to measure the English language proficiency of students identified as ELLs. Every year approximately two million K-12 ELLs in the WIDA Consortium take ACCESS. After students complete the exam, score reports are provided to relevant stakeholders, including teachers and parents of the students. Because score reports are widely used by stakeholders for many purposes (e.g., placement, reclassification of ELLs), it is necessary to understand how they are interpreted and used in educational and home settings. Such information could be used to understand the usefulness of score reports and also to enhance their quality. However, there is little research on stakeholders' interpretation and use of score reports, especially in the context of K-12 ELL exams in the Unites States. Existing research is limited to teachers' interpretation of score reports (Impara, Divine, Bruce, Liverman, & Gay, 1991; Luecht, 2003; Underwood, Zapata-Rivera, & VanWinkle, 2007). For example, Impara et al. (1991) investigated the extent to which teachers were able to interpret student-level results on a standardized state assessment and the extent to which interpretive information provided on the reverse side of the student score report improved teacher understanding. Findings suggest that interpretive material helped facilitate teachers' understanding of student scores on the assessment. However, few studies have examined how stakeholders actually use the interpreted information. Moreover, very few (Miller & Watkins, 2010) have examined score reports from the parents' perspective. To gain a deeper understanding of the meaningfulness and utility of score reports, it is necessary to examine both educators' and parents' perspectives. The study on which this paper is based investigated how two stakeholder groups--K-12 ELL educators and parents--interpret and use ACCESS score reports. Findings from qualitative interviews offer implications for score report development in general and how to further enhance the quality of ACCESS score reports. In the study, the authors addressed the following research questions: (1) How do K-12 ELL educators and parents interpret the information in an English proficiency exam score report?; and (2) How do K-12 ELL educators and parents use the information in an English proficiency exam score report?
- Published
- 2016
5. North Dakota K-12 & School Choice Survey: What Do Voters Say about K-12 Education? Polling Paper Number 13
- Author
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Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice and DiPerna, Paul
- Abstract
The "North Dakota K-12 & School Choice Survey" project, commissioned by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice and conducted by Braun Research, Inc. (BRI), measures North Dakota registered voters' familiarity and views on a range of K-12 education topics and school choice reforms. The author and his colleagues report response levels and differences of voter opinion, and the intensity of those responses. Where do North Dakotans stand on important issues and policy proposals in K-12 education? They try to provide some brief observations and insights in this memo. A randomly selected and statistically representative sample of North Dakota voters recently responded to 19 substantive questions and 12 demographic questions. A total of 605 telephone interviews were conducted in English from February 2 to 10, 2013, by means of both landline and cell phone. Statistical results were weighted to correct for known demographic discrepancies. The margin of sampling error for the statewide sample is plus or minus 4.0 percentage points. In this project the author and his colleagues also included one split-sample experiment. A split-sample design is a systematic way of comparing the effects of two or more alternative wordings for a given question. In this case, the purpose is to see if providing a new piece of information about education spending can significantly influence opinion on that topic--a salient issue in North Dakota's state politics and representing an undercurrent in education policy discussions. Their polling paper has four sections. The first section summarizes key findings. They call the second section "Survey Snapshots," which offers charts highlighting the core findings of the project. The third section describes the survey's methodology, summarizes response statistics, and presents additional technical information on call dispositions for landline and cell phone interviews. The fourth section displays the survey questions and results ("topline numbers"), owing the reader to follow the interview as it was conducted, with respect to question wording and ordering. (Contains 8 notes and 3 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2013
6. Paper beadwork cub-outs on the spirit lake reservation, North Dakota
- Author
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Garcia, Louis
- Published
- 2017
7. Public High School Graduation and College-Readiness Rates: 1991-2002. Education Working Paper No. 8
- Author
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Manhattan Inst., New York, NY. Center for Civic Innovation., Greene, Jay P., and Winters, Marcus A.
- Abstract
This study uses a widely respected method to calculate graduation rates, both nationally and for each state, for each public school graduating class from 1991 to 2002. It also combines graduation rate calculations with data provided by the U.S. Department of Education to calculate the percentage of all students who left high school eligible for college in each year. Because the requirements to graduate from high school are set lower than the requirements to apply to a four-year college, many high school graduates are ineligible to enroll. Findings of the study include: (1) The national high school graduation rate for all public school students remained flat over the last decade, going from 72% in 1991 to 71% in 2002; (2) Nationally, the percentage of all students who left high school with the skills and qualifications necessary to attend college increased from 25% in 1991 to 34% in 2002. The finding of flat high school graduation rates and increasing college readiness rates is likely the result of the increased standards and accountability programs over the last decade, which have required students to take more challenging courses required for admission to college without pushing those students to drop out of high school; (3) The state with the highest graduation rate in the nation in 2002 was New Jersey (89%), followed by Iowa, Wisconsin, and North Dakota (each at 85%). The state with the lowest graduation rate in the nation was South Carolina (53%), followed by Georgia (56%), Tennessee (57%), and Alabama (58%); (4) There is a wide disparity in the graduation rates of white and minority students. In the class of 2002, about 78% of white students graduated from high school with a regular diploma, compared to 56% of African-American students and 52% of Hispanic students; (5) There is also a large difference among racial and ethnic groups in the percentage of students who leave high school eligible for college admission. About 40% of white students, 23% of African- American students, and 20% of Hispanic students who started public high school graduated college-ready in 2002; and (6) There is very little difference between the number of students who graduate from high school college-ready and the number of students who enroll in college for the first time. This indicates that there is not a large pool of students who have the skills necessary to attend college but do not do so because of lack of funds or other non-academic factors. The appendix contains 15 tables that include region and state high school graduation and college-readiness trends. (Contains 12 endnotes and 15 tables.)
- Published
- 2005
8. Interactive Peer Coaching/Mentoring Project for Preparing Teachers of Students with Severe Behavioral Disorders Final Report. Volume 1: Project Narrative and Briefing Papers [and] Volume 2: Appendices.
- Author
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North Dakota Center for Persons with Disabilities, Minot.
- Abstract
This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of the Interactive Peer Coaching/Mentoring (IPCM) Project, a program designed to prepare teachers of students with severe behavioral disorders (SED) residing in a rural, remote area in North Dakota. The IPCM project was conducted from July 1997 through July 2000 and developed an interdisciplinary program of courses that met North Dakota certification standards and university program standards. As a result of the project, 22 trainees attained a North Dakota endorsement in SED and an additional 6 teachers will complete the final requirements by the end of the summer 2001, over three times the current number of teachers in the area. A total of 48 trainees attained 1,152 graduate credit hours of university instruction, trainees completed over 150 sessions of peer coaching on classroom management issues, and completed 102 mentor experiences. The first part of the report provides a narrative commentary on the project's goals and objectives. Section 2 contains a more detailed description of the three major components of IPCM: the interactive component that used computer and non-computer based communication systems, the peer coaching component, and the interdisciplinary mentoring process. Appendices include project materials. (CR)
- Published
- 2000
9. A History of State Debt in North Dakota. Occasional Papers.
- Author
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North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks. Bureau of Business and Economic Research. and Escarraz, Donald R.
- Abstract
The history of state government debt in North Dakota can be divided into three 30-year periods which should be interpreted in terms of the political, social, and economic conditions of each period. The early statehood period of 1889-1918 began with the use of debt to construct facilities necessary to carry out the normal functions of state government. Although total expenditures increased because of tremendous population growth, per capita expenditures declined significantly. During the second period (1919-1949), population continued to grow but at a decreasing rate. Farmers' organizations were successful in having laws passed to regulate railroads, elevators, mills, and grain dealers. During the Depression years, debt grew, and North Dakota's bond rating was lowered. During World War II, state debt was reduced without undue strain on the taxpayer. The third period (1950-1978) saw prosperity and public construction. Data were analyzed and indicated: (1) regionalization of bond ratings and debt outstanding; (2) differences and similarities among economic variables within the North Central Region of the United States; (3) North Dakota in the North Central Region; and (4) determinants of the amount of state debt outstanding. Data analyses are appended. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
10. Criteria for University Status. Background Paper for the North Dakota State Board of Higher Education.
- Author
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North Dakota State Board of Higher Education, Bismarck.
- Abstract
Background information and recommendations are offered about criteria the North Dakota Board of Higher Education might adopt for deciding whether an institution under its governance should be named a university. Consideration is given to the history of the issue in North Dakota, criteria used in other states, and how North Dakota's public institutions relate to the criteria. Results of two analyses are also presented: one comparing Minot State College with a number of similar institutions in the United States, and the other comparing North Dakota with other western states in terms of the number of universities provided by the state. It is noted that the Board needs to decide whether names reflect institutional missions or not. Mission-based approaches include: relating institutional names to their missions; relationships among institutions, and geographic access to institutional missions. Name-based approaches include the prestige of the university name, geographic access to institutional names, and patterns of names in other states. Cost considerations vary, depending on the approach chosen. Criteria that the Board could use for three types of institutions are outlined, regardless of how the naming issues is resolved. Appended is a chronological outline of legislation, constitutional amendments, and Board actions involving name changes. (SW)
- Published
- 1986
11. The Alchemy of 'Costing Out' an Adequate Education
- Author
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University of Arkansas, Education Working Paper Archive and Hanushek, Eric A.
- Abstract
In response to the rapid rise in court cases related to the adequacy of school funding, a variety of alternative methods have been developed to provide an analytical base about the necessary expenditure on schools. These approaches have been titled to give an aura of a thoughtful and solid scientific basis: the professional judgment model, the state-of-the-art approach, the successful schools method, and the cost function approach. Unfortunately, none can provide a reliable and unbiased answer to the question "how much do adequate schools cost?" Each is highly manipulable, generally satisfying the interested party commissioning the work to be done but not meeting the fundamental tenets of scientific inquiry. This paper reviews and critiques the methodology as applied in a substantial number of states. (Contains 43 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2006
12. Hydromulches suppress weeds and maintain fruit production in organically managed strawberry systems.
- Author
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Ahmad, Waqas, DeVetter, Lisa W., McFadden, Dakota, Maupin, Brian, Bajwa, Dilpreet S., Durado, Andrew, Weyers, Sharon, Galinato, Suzette P., Weiss, Ben, and Gramig, Greta
- Subjects
STRAWBERRIES ,WEEDS ,GUAR gum ,PLANT biomass ,BIODEGRADABLE plastics ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture - Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) mulches are widely used in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) production for weed suppression and crop growth optimization. However, PE mulches are not biodegradable and contribute to plastic pollution. Our objective was to develop and test biodegradable liquid-applied 'hydromulches' (HMs) as a sustainable alternative to PE mulch. HM weed suppression efficacy, strawberry plant growth, and yield were evaluated. HMformulations consisted of shredded newsprint paper (NP), water, and a tackifier, either guar gum (GG) or psyllium husk (PH) added at 2 or 6%. Experiments were conducted at two environmentally distinct locations: northwest Washington (WA) and eastern North Dakota (ND). Five HM formulations were compared to black PEmulch within a randomized complete block design with four replications. PEmulch suppressed weeds completely at peak weed emergence and peak weed vegetative growth at both locations. Formulations of HM containing GG provided superior weed suppression compared to other HM formulations at peak weed emergence (4-6 vs. 18-22 plants m-2, respectively). At peak vegetative growth, HM formulations containing GG had the lowest weed density compared to other HMs in ND (1 vs. 9-12 plants m
-2 ), whereas these differences were not observed in WA. Total weed biomass did not differ among HMs across both locations. GG HM formulations deteriorated similarly to PE mulch (3-5% vs. 2%, respectively) in ND, whereas other HMs deteriorated more substantially. In WA, all HMs deterioratedmore than PEmulch (6-12% vs. 1%, respectively). Fruit yield did not differ among treatments inweedy and weed-free subplots (194-254 g plant-1 ) inWA. In ND, yield was greater in all HM treatments compared to PE mulch in both weedy andweed-free subplots. Across both locations, strawberry canopy coverwas greater in PE mulch (56.1% canopy cover) compared to 2%GG and NP (42.4 and 39.8% canopy cover). Strawberry plant biomass was similar among mulch treatments. However, strawberry leaf and crown biomass were slightly lower in 2%PH compared to other mulch treatments. Results demonstrate HMs with GG tackifier are a promising alternative to PE mulch in organic strawberry systems based on ability to suppress weeds, enhance strawberry growth, and maintain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Creating a University System for the 21st Century. Report of the State Board of Higher Education's Committee on Employee Compensation
- Author
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North Dakota Univ. System, Bismarck.
- Abstract
The combination of North Dakota's lower standard of living and non-competitive salary and benefits makes it increasingly difficult to recruit and retain the best and the brightest staff and faculty. Since 1998, campuses have been internally reallocating funding to provide salary increases to staff and faculty above that provided by the legislature. Internal reallocation is not a sustainable long-term solution without severe program and service reductions and/or tuition increases. Maintaining benefits and increasing salaries is critical to sustaining high quality education and entrepreneurial research activities. In order to continue making progress and in order to move North Dakota University System (NDUS) average salaries toward market rates, a significant state investment (in the form of parity and equity) is needed to provide campuses sufficient funding to retain and recruit highly qualified faculty and staff. The report recommends: (1) Total combined increase of at least 7.4 percent for faculty and staff is recommended for each year of the 2007-09 biennium; (2) That the state continue to fund 100 percent of employee health insurance premiums with no changes to deductibles or co-payments; and (3) that the state increase the retirement plan contribution from 10 percent to 12.5 percent and employee contribution from 2 percent to 2.5 percent for employees with over 15 years of service. (Contains 22 figures and 12 tables.)
- Published
- 2006
14. Stability Analysis via Impedance Modelling of a Real-World Wind Generation System with AC Collector and LCC-Based HVDC Transmission Grid.
- Author
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Arshad, Muhammad, Beik, Omid, Manzoor, Muhammad Owais, and Gholamian, Mahzad
- Subjects
ELECTRIC current rectifiers ,PERMANENT magnet generators ,MICROGRIDS ,PHASE-locked loops ,FAST Fourier transforms ,WIND power plants ,RADIATION trapping - Abstract
This paper studies the stability of a real-world wind farm, Bison Wind Generation System (BWGS) in the state of North Dakota in the United States. BWGS uses an AC collector grid rated at 34.5 kV and a symmetrical bipolar high-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission grid rated at ±250 kV. The HVDC line transfers a total power of 0.5 GW, while both the HVDC rectifier and inverter substations use line-commuted converters (LCCs). The LCC-based rectifier adopts constant DC current control to regulate HVDC current, while the inverter operates in constant extinction angle control mode to maintain a fixed HVDC voltage. This paper proposes a frequency scan-based approach to obtain the d–q impedance model of (i) BWGS AC collector grids with Type 4 wind turbines that use permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) and two fully rated converters, and (ii) an LCC-HVDC system. The impedance frequency response of the BWGS is acquired by exciting the AC collector grid and LCC-HVDC with multi-sine voltage perturbations during its steady-state operation. The resulting voltage and current signals are subjected to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract frequency components. By analyzing the impedance frequency response measurement of BWGS, a linear time–invariant (LTI) representation of its dynamics is obtained using the vector fitting (VF) technique. Finally, a Bode plot is applied, considering the impedance of the BWGS and grid to perform stability analyses. This study examines the influence of the short circuit ratio (SCR) of the grid and the phase lock loop (PLL) frequency bandwidth on the stability of the overall system. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and verification of an AC collector and LCC-based HVDC transmission systems. The findings suggest that the extraction of the impedance model of a real-world wind farm, achieved through frequency scanning and subsequent representation as an LTI system using VF, is regarded as a robust, suitable, and accurate methodology for investigating the dynamics, unstable operating conditions, and control interaction of the wind farm and LCC-HVDC system with the AC grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Legislative Review. A Look at Higher Education in Week 8: February 28-March 4, 2011
- Author
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North Dakota University System
- Abstract
This issue of "Legislative Review" takes a look at the news in higher education from February 28 to March 4, 2011. This Legislative Review reports that: (1) HB 1263, which deals with the UND Fighting Sioux nickname and logo, was opposed by the SBHE. Board members cited concerns, including the constitutionality of the bill, impact on the campus of delaying the transition process now underway and the potential repercussions for UND athletics. The SBHE voted to support the amended version of HB 1353 related to the UND SOMHS. The amended bill changes the composition of the medical school advisory council and revises the SOMHS mission statement. However, the board continues to support additional funding in HB 1003 for added student enrollment and residency positions. The SBHE also voiced opposition to HCR 3046, which was introduced February 23; and (2) If HCR 3046 is approved by the Legislative Assembly, an amendment to the state constitution eliminating the State Board of Higher Education, the North Dakota University System chancellor and the superintendent of public instruction would go before the people of North Dakota for a vote. Its key components and its impacts are described. A list of bills on the week nine agenda is also reported.
- Published
- 2011
16. The Changing Landscape of Alternate Assessments Based on Modified Academic Achievement Standards: An Analysis of Early Adopters of AA-MASs
- Author
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Lazarus, Sheryl S. and Thurlow, Martha L.
- Abstract
Several states had an assessment that they considered to be an alternate assessment based on modified academic achievement standards (AA-MAS) in place, or in development, when the April 2007 federal regulations on modified achievement standards were finalized. This article uses publicly available information collected by the National Center on Educational Outcomes to analyze changes in states' AA-MAS between 2007 and 2008. The article compares across the 2 years the number of states that had an assessment they considered to be an AA-MAS, states' participation guidelines, and the characteristics of these assessments. We also provide information about the number of students who participated in this assessment option during the 2006-07 school year. In 2007, six states (Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma) either had or were in the process of developing an assessment they considered to be an AA-MAS. In 2008, California, Connecticut, and Texas also offered this assessment option. Six of the nine states that have been early implementers of the AA-MAS were states that had offered an out-of-level testing option until federal policies required that option to be phased out. Most states had fewer items on their AA-MAS than on their regular assessment. States that had participation guidelines for the AA-MAS in 2007 developed them prior to finalization of the federal regulations, and some changes between 2007 and 2008 in states' participation guidelines appear to have been made to better align the guidelines with the regulations. The characteristics of the assessments states consider to be AA-MASs are changing rapidly and will probably continue to change rapidly over the next few years as more is learned about the advantages and limitations of this assessment. (Contains 5 tables and 4 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Assessment of Advanced Technologies to Capture Gas Flaring in North Dakota.
- Author
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Aoun, Ala Eddine, Rasouli, Vamegh, and Khetib, Youcef
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGY assessment ,FLAMMABLE gases ,GREENHOUSE gases ,OIL wells ,GAS wells ,GASES ,METHANE - Abstract
Flaring of associated gas from oil wells and the excess gas from gas-processing units and oil refineries is one of the most prominent producers of greenhouse gas emissions. Flaring, by definition, is a method used to burn unwanted flammable gas, which produces significant amounts of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide. The petroleum industry adds millions of tons of CO
2 annually into the atmosphere by flaring gas, which presents a serious risk due to the environmental and economic impacts associated with it. In light of the increasing awareness of this threat, the industry is investigating economical means to reduce the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Oil production from the Bakken and Three Forks formations has significantly increased over the last ten years without commensurate augmentation of gas capture infrastructure, which, consequently, resulted in increased flaring of the associated gas. The North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) has set rigorous regulations to reduce flaring. However, operating companies are experiencing challenges to meet NDIC gas capturing limit of 95%, which leads to oil production being curtailed. This paper presents an overview of the latest technologies implemented worldwide to reduce gas flaring and discusses their applicability as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, to evaluate North Dakota's flaring situation, the amount of gas flaring within the recent years is provided. It is discussed that implementation of underground gas storage and methanol portable units may be cost-effective measures to meet the North Dakota gas-capturing objective. A successful implementation of gas recovery technologies can significantly reduce gas emissions and gain potential economic profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. THE GREAT PAPER NAPKIN GOOSE HUNT.
- Author
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Herzog, Thomas
- Subjects
FIRST person narrative ,GOOSE shooting - Abstract
The author presents a personal narrative of his experiences goose shooting with a friend in North Dakota.
- Published
- 2011
19. Revenue maximization and pricing: an ethanol supply chain and logistical strategy perspectives.
- Author
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Awudu, Iddrisu, Wilson, William, Baah, George, Gonela, Vinay, and Yakubu, Mariama
- Subjects
SUPPLY chains ,RAILROAD cars ,ETHANOL ,PRICES ,RANDOM variables ,GASOLINE blending - Abstract
In this paper we develop a stochastic optimization model to evaluate tradeoffs and effects of strategic variables on storage and logistics costs in managing an ethanol supply chain. Specific objectives include: (1) to develop a model of the ethanol supply chain incorporating stochastic variables capturing uncertainties that ethanol merchandisers manage; (2) to evaluate effects of short- and long-term decisions such as feedstock purchase, when to ship, rail car strategies, and transit time and: (3) to analyze impacts of random variables and strategies on supply chain costs. The model maximizes profit from operation of the supply chain subject to decisions on corn feedstock procurement, ethanol production, ethanol shipments, corn and ethanol inventory levels, and rail car transit time and number of rail cars needed for the ethanol to be shipped. A representative case study in North Dakota ethanol firm is used for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Prairie Wind: A Comparison of News Media Coverage in Saskatchewan and North Dakota.
- Author
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Olive, Andrea
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,WIND power ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
North Dakota is a significant producer of wind energy in the United States. In the first decades of this century, the state went from almost zero production to over 25% of its electricity sourced from wind energy. Across the border in Canada, the province of Saskatchewan—which has the same wind capacity as North Dakota—did not develop wind energy during this same time period. This paper looks at print news media coverage of renewable energy, especially wind energy, in the two jurisdictions between 2009–2018. The main finding is that news media coverage of renewable energy is similar despite the very different wind energy portfolios. This suggests a possible disjoint between the media and public discourse on renewable energy politics. Regardless of the size of the renewable energy sector, the media reports very little on it. Overall, the study concludes that more robust discussions around the environment-energy nexus would be beneficial as the jurisdictions continue to grow their energy portfolios and potentially transition toward more renewable energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ACCESS BARRIERS AMONG AGRICULTURAL SERVICE PROVIDERS AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROFESSIONALS.
- Author
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Drewry, Jessica L., Shutske, John M., Trechter, David, and Luck, Brian D.
- Subjects
DIGITAL technology ,INNOVATION adoption ,AGRICULTURAL extension work ,TECHNOLOGY assessment ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,AGRICULTURE ,DATA privacy ,BLACKBERRIES - Abstract
As agriculture becomes an increasingly data-driven sector, it is important to understand the technology use and barriers by the service providers who work closely with producers. This is especially important as these individuals can serve as drivers for technology adoption by farmers and ranchers. Although many surveys have looked at technology adoption by producers, little data on agricultural industry service providers exists. Surveys of Extension Professionals (EP) in Iowa, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and several categories of Agricultural Service Providers (ASP) in Wisconsin were administered in 2018 to determine satisfaction with internet service and to learn more about information and technology usage and potential barriers to its adoption within the industry. In addition, follow-up informational telephone interviews were conducted with 13 Wisconsin EP. A paper survey was administered to ASP, which had a response rate of 35% (N=462). A similar online survey was administered to EP having an estimated 23% response rate (N=223). The frequency of transmission of data, information, and recommendations was high but specialized for both groups with more frequent use in crop production versus livestock (including dairy). The most commonly-cited barriers associated with the adoption of digital technologies by ASP were related to attracting and hiring well-qualified IT employees, training for both employees and clients, and data security. While data security was a commonly cited barrier, 16% of ASP worked for companies that did not have written policies on data privacy. ASP and EP consider their clients to be adept at using text messages, images, maps, and smartphones. They do not consider their clients to be skilled in their use of digitally accessed and used financial statements, spreadsheets, or laboratory analysis reports. Additional training should be better focused on these areas for ASP and EP which would allow them to be more effective in educating producers and to better realize the value associated with more thoughtful and widespread digital technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Modelling the impact of oil price changes and investment decisions on construction wages in the U.S.
- Author
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Michieka, Nyakundi M., Razek, Noha H. A., and Gearhart III, Richard S.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM sales & prices ,REAL wages ,SHALE oils ,WAGES ,WAGE increases ,PETROLEUM industry - Abstract
The U.S. construction industry has been known to employ workers without a college education and provide adequate compensation make ends meet. Today, job quality in the industry has deteriorated to a level where wages are too low, causing workers to rely on U.S. safety net programs. This may be exacerbated by oil price changes, especially in regions where the oil industry is a significant driver of the economy. In this paper, we investigate the effects of oil price dynamics on real wages in the construction industry. A non-linear ARDL and TAR model are used for the empirical exercise which focusses on six top oil producing counties in the U.S. Long-run findings indicate that a 10% increase in oil price increases construction wages by 1.4, 1.2 and 9.3% in Kern, Weld and McKenzie Counties, respectively. Short run estimates indicate that a positive shock to oil prices increases wages in McKenzie County, North Dakota. Results from the TAR model show that the impact of an expansionary monetary policy to increase investment – and accordingly, increase wages – is diluted when oil prices are below the low oil price threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. New paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes, Polyodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous Tanis Site of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota, USA.
- Author
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Hilton, Eric J., During, Melanie A.D., Grande, Lance, and Ahlberg, Per E.
- Subjects
- *
FISH kills , *STURGEONS ,BEETLE anatomy - Abstract
The recently discovered mass mortality of fishes from the Tanis Site in the North Dakota portion of the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation contains many well-preserved, three-dimensional skeletons. Among these are representatives of two acipenseriform families, Acipenseridae (sturgeons) and Polyodontidae (paddlefishes). This paper describes two new monotypic polyodontid genera, expanding our knowledge of polyodontid diversity. The first of the new species described here is †Parapsephurus willybemisi n. gen. n. sp. It is distinguished from all other known species by having a combination of posteriorly elongate parietals, the middle fenestra longitudinalis bordered medially by the parietal and frontal and laterally by the dermopterotic, slender and numerous dorsal caudal fulcra, an elongate hyomandibula that is not hourglass shaped, and gill rakers that are short and widely spaced. The second polyodontid species described here is †Pugiopsephurus inundatus n. gen. n. sp. It is diagnosed by a combination of having stellate bones that are exceptionally poorly developed or absent and having a dermopalatine with a medial expansion and lacking an ectopterygoid process. The two species of paddlefishes described in this paper add to the morphological and taxonomic diversity of Polyodontidae. The presence of these taxa within the Hell Creek Formation hints at substantial diversity of polyodontids at this stage of their evolutionary history. UUID: http://zoobank.org/08cbf8c5-59ba-41fa-9265-8cb762cf7b13 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Risk‐based area of review estimation in overpressured reservoirs to support injection well storage facility permit requirements for CO2 storage projects.
- Author
-
Burton‐Kelly, Matthew E., Azzolina, Nicholas A., Connors, Kevin C., Peck, Wesley D., Nakles, David V., and Jiang, Tao
- Subjects
INJECTION wells ,STORAGE facilities ,CAP rock ,DRINKING water ,CANADIAN provinces ,COST estimates ,CLOUD storage ,WATER salinization - Abstract
This paper presents a workflow for delineating a risk‐based area of review (AOR) to support a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Class VI permit for a carbon dioxide (CO2) storage project. The approach combines semianalytical solutions for estimating formation fluid leakage through a hypothetical leaky wellbore with the results of physics‐based numerical reservoir simulations. The workflow is demonstrated using a case study for a hypothetical 180,000‐metric‐ton‐per‐year storage project located in the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership region, which includes all or part of 10 states in the United States and four Canadian provinces. Under the scenario where the leaky wellbore is open to a saline aquifer (thief zone) between the overlying seal (cap rock) and the underground sources of drinking water (USDW), the risk‐based AOR is no larger than the areal extent of the CO2 plume in the storage reservoir because the pressure buildup in the storage reservoir beyond the CO2 plume is insufficient to drive formation fluids up a hypothetical leaky wellbore into the USDW. However, even under the conservative assumption that the leaky wellbore is not open to a thief zone, the incremental leakage beyond the areal extent of the CO2 plume is less than 400 m3 over 20 years. The approach outlined in this paper is designed to be protective of USDWs and comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act requirements and provisions for the EPA Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program (Class VI Rule) and North Dakota Administrative Code Chapter 43‐05‐01. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Elementary Mathematics Curriculum: State Policy, COVID-19, and Teachers' Control
- Author
-
Mona Baniahmadi, Bima Sapkota, and Amy M. Olson
- Abstract
In the U.S., state guidance to schools in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was politicized. We used state-level political affiliation to explore whether access to curricular resources differed pre-pandemic or during pandemic remote teaching and teachers' reported control over curricular resources during pandemic teaching. We found that pre-pandemic the percentage of teachers in Republican states reported higher levels of resources overall, and use of core and teacher-created curricular resources in particular. They also reported having greater control over their curricular decision-making during the pandemic. There were no state-level differences in teachers' level of preparation for pandemic teaching, but teachers in Democrat states reported a greater proportion of their students had sufficient resources for online learning. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of teacher control and state policies. [For the complete proceedings, see ED657822.]
- Published
- 2023
26. Analysis of UAS-LiDAR Ground Points Classification in Agricultural Fields Using Traditional Algorithms and PointCNN.
- Author
-
Fareed, Nadeem, Flores, Joao Paulo, and Das, Anup Kumar
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,AGRICULTURE ,OPTICAL radar ,LIDAR ,CLASSIFICATION algorithms ,POINT cloud - Abstract
Classifying bare earth (ground) points from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds is well-established research in the forestry, topography, and urban domains using point clouds acquired by Airborne LiDAR System (ALS) at average point densities (≈2 points per meter-square (pts/m
2 )). The paradigm of point cloud collection has shifted with the advent of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) onboard affordable laser scanners with commercial utility (e.g., DJI Zenmuse L1 sensor) and unprecedented repeatability of UAS-LiDAR surveys. Therefore, there is an immediate need to investigate the existing methods, and to develop new ground classification methods, using UAS-LiDAR. In this paper, for the first time, traditional ground classification algorithms and modern machine learning methods were investigated to filter ground from point clouds of high-density UAS-LiDAR data (≈900 pts/m2 ) over five agricultural fields in North Dakota, USA. To this end, we tested frequently used ground classification algorithms: Cloth Simulation Function (CSF), Progressive Morphological Filter (PMF), Multiscale Curvature Classification (MCC), and ArcGIS ground classification algorithms along with the PointCNN deep learning model were trained. We investigated two aspects of ground classification algorithms and PointCNN: (a) Classification accuracy of optimized ground classification algorithms (i.e., fine adjustment is user-defined parameters) and PointCNN over training site, and (b) transferability potential over four yet diverse test agricultural fields. The well-established evaluation metrics of omission error, commission error, and total error, along with kappa coefficients showed that deep learning outperforms the traditional ground classification algorithms in both aspects: (a) overall classification accuracy, and (b) transferability over diverse agricultural fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Association of North Dakota Skilled Nursing Facility Characteristics with COVID-19 Outbreak Severity.
- Author
-
Hohman, Adam, Strand, Mark A., Sidhu, Savita, Jansen, Rick, and McDonough, Stephen
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,COVID-19 ,RURAL conditions ,MORTALITY ,LEADERSHIP ,NURSING care facilities ,SEVERITY of illness index ,SURVEYS ,PANDEMIC preparedness ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EPIDEMICS ,METROPOLITAN areas ,DATA analysis ,LONG-term health care - Abstract
Context: COVID-19 exerted severe challenges on skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents and staff. A combination of internal and external factors predisposed SNFs to an increased propensity of COVID-19 spread. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine which facility characteristics may have contributed to COVID-19 outbreaks within urban and rural North Dakota skilled nursing facilities. Methods: A 23-question survey regarding facility characteristics was developed and distributed to all 78 North Dakota skilled nursing facilities (SNF). Findings: Of the North Dakota SNF, 40 out of 78 total facilities (51.2%) participated in the survey. Of those participating, 38 of 40 (95%) were in counties with populations under 50,000, with the smallest county population being 1,876. A Spearman's rank test suggested a relationship between the community spread of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 positivity of SNF residents. Spearman's rank also suggested a positive association between the SNF resident COVID-19 positivity in relation to staff positivity (p-value 0.042) and county rates (p-value 0.045). Limitations: While this is a comprehensive survey with a very good response rate, two key limitations are identified. First, the survey relies on self-reported data from SNF staff. Second, it is not clear what data would have been received from non-responding SNFs. Implications: Substantial lessons have been learned, which may not only aid future pandemic preparedness but improve the quality of care for nursing home residents during a pandemic or other respiratory disease outbreaks. Proactively knowing susceptibilities and vulnerabilities ahead of time will allow local and state leaders to plan and allocate resources. Future state and local pandemic emergency plans need to be reviewed with the prioritization of skilled nursing facilities as front line facilities during a pandemic, rather than placing their "traditional" emphasis of emergency preparedness on hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Supply flexibility in the shale patch: Evidence from North Dakota.
- Author
-
Bjørnland, Hilde C., Nordvik, Frode Martin, and Rohrer, Maximilian
- Subjects
SHALE oils ,SHALE ,INTERTEMPORAL choice ,PETROLEUM ,OIL wells - Abstract
Summary: This paper provides new results to the literature, showing that output flexibility in oil production depends on the extraction technology. In particular, constructing a novel well‐level monthly production dataset covering more than 16,000 crude oil wells in North Dakota, we find supply elasticity of shale wells to be positive and in the range of 0.3–0.9, depending on wells and firms characteristics. We find no such responses for conventional wells. We interpret the supply pattern of shale oil wells to be consistent with the Hotelling theory of optimal extraction. Reserves are an inventory, and the decision to produce is an intertemporal choice of when to draw down below‐ground inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ACCESS BARRIERS AMONG AGRICULTURAL SERVICE PROVIDERS AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROFESSIONALS.
- Author
-
Drewry, Jessica L., Shutske, John M., Trechter, David, and Luck, Brian D.
- Subjects
DIGITAL technology ,INNOVATION adoption ,TECHNOLOGY assessment ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,AGRICULTURAL extension work ,DATA transmission systems ,TEXT messages ,BLACKBERRIES - Abstract
As agriculture becomes an increasingly data-driven sector, it is important to understand the technology use and barriers by the service providers who work closely with producers. This is especially important as these individuals can serve as drivers for technology adoption by farmers and ranchers. Although many surveys have looked at technology adoption by producers, little data on agricultural industry service providers exists. Surveys of Extension Professionals (EP) in Iowa, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and several categories of Agricultural Service Providers (ASP) in Wisconsin were administered in 2018 to determine satisfaction with internet service and to learn more about information and technology usage and potential barriers to its adoption within the industry. In addition, follow-up informational telephone interviews were conducted with 13 Wisconsin EP. A paper survey was administered to ASP, which had a response rate of 35% (N=462). A similar online survey was administered to EP having an estimated 23% response rate (N=223). The frequency of transmission of data, information, and recommendations was high but specialized for both groups with more frequent use in crop production versus livestock (including dairy). The most commonly-cited barriers associated with the adoption of digital technologies by ASP were related to attracting and hiring well-qualified IT employees, training for both employees and clients, and data security. While data security was a commonly cited barrier, 16% of ASP worked for companies that did not have written policies on data privacy. ASP and EP consider their clients to be adept at using text messages, images, maps, and smartphones. They do not consider their clients to be skilled in their use of digitally accessed and used financial statements, spreadsheets, or laboratory analysis reports. Additional training should be better focused on these areas for ASP and EP which would allow them to be more effective in educating producers and to better realize the value associated with more thoughtful and widespread digital technology adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. COVID-19 Global Pandemic Upheaval: CTE Teachers Response in the United States
- Author
-
John Cannon, Mary Self, Allen Kitchel, Sally Arnett-Hartwick, Carol Billing, Kevin Elliott, Michelle Bartlett, Mari Borr, and Jeremy Jeffery
- Abstract
The United States along with the rest of the world has experienced an unprecedented disruption in daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost everyone has experienced some sort of stay at home order resulting in an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Recession of 2008 and on par with the Great Depression almost a century ago. Educational institutions at both the K-12 and post-secondary levels have not been immune from the shutdown, with many schools closed from mid-March through the end of the 2020 school year. Many schools moved classes to remote, distance delivery platforms. Career and Technical Education (CTE) teachers were tasked with creative engaging learning activities online for curricula which is taught in a hands-on contextual learning environment. This paper will present preliminary results from research conducted by a collaborative group of nine researchers from across the United States with collectively over 200 years of career and technical education experience. The conceptual framework used for this study was Danielson's Framework for Teaching and Enhancing Professional Practice and Foundations of Career and Technical Education including Constructivism. 3,267 participants representing all 50 states responded to the 37-item survey. The research objectives included description of participants and identified challenges to planning and delivery of CTE content when schools were closed, and instruction was moved to remote/distance/online platforms. Participants ranked their challenges as instructors and their perceptions of challenges that were experienced by their students. CTE teachers ranked replicating classroom or lab environments online and lack of experience teaching online as their biggest challenges. The perceptions of the participants concerning challenges for their students included motivation to guide and manage their own learning and students' access to reliable internet connection. The emergence and prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic added a layer of complexity to educational practice that was not foreseen and for which no intentional preparation had occurred. Understanding how CTE teachers and instructors responded to this call, and the challenges they and their students encountered, is important to efforts to improve practice in the future and to be in a better position should another crisis occur that forces learning to be delivered in alternative formats from that of the traditional face-to-face classroom. [Note: The page range (177-194) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 177-193.]
- Published
- 2024
31. Right of Removal: Recall Politics in the Modern Era.
- Author
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Schecter, David
- Subjects
- *
GUBERNATORIAL elections - Abstract
This paper compares the first gubernatorial recall of 1921 with the second such recall of 2003. North Dakota Governor Lynn J. Frazier had always been a footnote in history with his removal from office over eighty years ago, but much can be learned by systematically comparing the first recall campaign with the whirlwind campaign surrounding the demise of California Governor Gray Davis and the rise of political neophyte Arnold Schwarzenegger. An initial review of the Progressive period is given, followed by an in-depth analysis of the 1903 birth of America?s first recall provision and the 1921 campaign to oust Frazier. The details of his recall are then compared and contrasted with the 2003 race. The paper concludes with a theoretical discussion of the power of the recall provision and how it may be applied to senior executives in the future. This ?right of removal? has been both a threat to gubernatorial power and a tool for citizen activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Campaign Commercial Strategies in a Small State Gubernatorial Election.
- Author
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O'Regan, Valerie R. and Stambough, Stephen J.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL advertising , *POLITICAL campaigns , *GUBERNATORIAL elections - Abstract
In an attempt to contribute to the literature on mixed gender political campaign advertising, this paper analyzes the 2000 North Dakota Gubernatorial election. The paper employs content analysis of all the campaign commercials from both candidates, Heidi Heitkamp and John Hoeven. Utilizing a case-study approach, this study suggests that previous findings concerning mixed gender races need to be revisited. Specifically, past conclusions about candidate dress, voiceover gender, and issue/personal characteristic emphases of female and male candidates may ignore campaign specific environments. This study calls for further research combining the case-study and cross-sectional methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
33. Do tax credits benefit charities? Evidence from two states.
- Author
-
Gupta, Anubhav and Spreen, Thomas Luke
- Subjects
CHARITABLE giving ,INCOME tax deductions for charitable contributions ,TAX credits ,CREDIT ,TAX expenditures ,INCOME tax ,CHARITIES - Abstract
This paper considers the effect of state charitable giving tax credits on the contribution revenues of eligible charities. Using event studies paired with Form 990 data, we detect no significant change in contributions to qualified nonprofits after the elimination of a $100 per taxpayer credit by Michigan. By contrast, we find a significant increase in contributions to qualified charities following the introduction of a $10,000 per taxpayer credit by North Dakota that persists for several years. The results suggest that placing a large cap on charitable giving tax credits induces stronger donor responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Interseeded cover crops did not cause corn yield loss in eastern North Dakota.
- Author
-
Franzen, David, Wick, Abbey, Bu, Honggang, Ritchison, Daryl, Mullins, Barbara, and Chatterjee, Amitava
- Subjects
RYE ,OATS ,ENERGY crops ,CORN ,FARMERS ,COVER crops ,RADISHES - Abstract
North Dakota is a transitional semiarid region with annual precipitation in the eastern part of the state of about 50–55 cm, mostly from rainfall. The moisture demand from interseeding cover crops into standing corn (Zea mays) early in the season has been a concern and is likely why most corn growers do not interseed cover crops. Corn grain yield was determined in response to interseeding of cereal rye (Secale cereale) or oat (Avena sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), and camelina (Camelina sativa) and incremental fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rates for five site‐years in the eastern North Dakota. Fifty‐eight days and 35 days of leaf wetness from dew in 2019 and 2020, respectively, were recorded. Cumulative dew accumulation since cover crop emergence was 5.6 mm and 3.5 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Interseeding and its interactions with fertilizer‐N rate did not influence the grain yield. However, cereal rye produced the most biomass of the cover crop species, but the amount varied with site and growing season conditions. Late October, cereal rye biomass produced was 98.8 kg ha−1 in 2018, 352 kg ha−1 in 2019, and 70.3 kg ha−1 in 2020 at the Gardner site. Interseeding did not reduce grain yield loss compared to control. Outcomes will encourage corn growers to adopt cover crops without any changes in their fertilizer N application. Core Ideas: No yield was compromised due to cover crop interseeding.Fertilizer‐N rate did not interfere with cover crop interseeding.In eastern North Dakota, cereal rye can be interseeded at corn V7 stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Women, Literacy, and the Management of Identity.
- Author
-
Donehower, Kim
- Abstract
This paper describes current phases of two research projects: a completed one in southern Appalachia and another one to begin in North Dakota. The paper explains that the Appalachian project investigated the effects the widespread stereotype of Appalachian illiteracy has had on Appalachian literacy learners; while the North Dakota study is going to focus on cases of autodidacticism, looking at the role of reading and writing in self-education. The paper suggests several interesting questions to pursue in research on women's literacy raised by both studies. It also briefly describes a method that might be particularly well-suited to research on these issues. The paper begins with the concept of literacy as a tool to "manage" identity--specifically, to manage identity in terms of membership in, or rejection of, particular social groups. It states that the Appalachian research performed was an attempt to understand the literacy choices individual female interviewees had made when they had at least three very different "sponsors" of literacy to choose from. It finds that literacy itself played a role in identity management. The paper suggests another compelling question for research into women's literacy--that autodidacts are women, and emphatically "not" men. It explains that, besides the usual research methods, another newer technique might be called "epistolary research," since the researcher/author exchanged letters with some of the female interviewees, focused largely on issues of literacy. (NKA)
- Published
- 2002
36. Prospective Evaluation of Health Communication Effects on Market Outcomes.
- Author
-
Summers, Rosemarie L., Wood, Dallas W., Lew, Nellie, Karns, Shawn A., Muth, Mary K., Nardinelli, Clark, Peckham, Janet G., and Wolff, Carolyn
- Subjects
MEDICAL communication ,FOLIC acid ,GOVERNMENT programs ,CONSUMER preferences ,RISK communication - Abstract
Partial equilibrium models have been used extensively by policy makers to prospectively determine the consequences of government programs that affect consumer incomes or the prices consumers pay. However, these models have not previously been used to analyze government programs that inform consumers. In this paper, we develop a model that policy makers can use to quantitatively predict how consumers will respond to risk communications that contain new health information. The model combines Bayesian learning with the utility-maximization of consumer choice. We discuss how this model can be used to evaluate information policies; we then test the model by simulating the impacts of the North Dakota Folic Acid Educational Campaign as a validation exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Battling the Hydra: the disparate impact of voter ID requirements in North Dakota.
- Author
-
Barreto, Matt A., Sanchez, Gabriel R., and Walker, Hannah L.
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,HISPANIC Americans ,VOTER identification laws ,POLITICAL geography ,BLACK people ,NATIVE Americans ,SUFFRAGE ,INDIGENOUS rights - Abstract
Minority voters have experienced a renewed effort to curtail their access to the ballot box in recent years. Although a host of research has examined the impact of election changes on Black and Latino voters, scholars have dedicated much less attention to the rights of Native Americans, even as they face challenges to voting in states where they comprise a significant portion of the population. Many of these states are likewise increasingly important to national elections. Such laws may impact Native Americans when they intersect with the political geography of living on a reservation, and voting rights advocates have challenged them in places like Montana, Nevada and North Dakota. This paper empirically evaluates how such laws might uniquely impact Native American voters. We draw on North Dakota's voter identification law as a case study, but our analysis has wider implications, since residency is the primary means by which election administration uniquely impacts this group. Drawing on two rich survey datasets collected in 2015 and 2017, we offer descriptive evidence of the barriers individuals may encounter while trying to obtain an ID under North Dakota's law, and find that Native Americans are statistically less likely to have access to an ID than are whites. This gap is largely due to the requirement that an ID has a physical address and attendant difficulties in obtaining such an ID, given the remote nature of reservations. We bring needed attention to the impact of carefully crafted electoral rules on this often-overlooked group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Teaching Historical Trauma, Assimilation Policy, and Indigenous Resilience in Middle School Social Studies Classrooms
- Author
-
McCoy, Meredith
- Abstract
Middle school social studies lessons about American Indian people often leave the impression that Indians are part of a historical past that has little to do with America's present. Too often, lessons include information about Indian "extinction" due to diseases and warfare without discussing the ongoing resilience of American Indian communities. They may also fail to address the systemic oppression of assimilation policies enacted by the U.S. government. In response, this paper explores the pedagogical potential of Indigenous-authored graphic novels and museums for middle school classrooms. The resources examined here center the experiences of Indian boarding school students and their descendants, providing useful material for helping students engage with American Indian histories, contemporary realities, and federal policy.
- Published
- 2017
39. Assessing the implementation of a clinical decision support tool in primary care for diabetes prevention: a qualitative interview study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Science.
- Author
-
Pratt, Rebekah, Saman, Daniel M., Allen, Clayton, Crabtree, Benjamin, Ohnsorg, Kris, Sperl-Hillen, JoAnn M., Harry, Melissa, Henzler-Buckingham, Hilary, O'Connor, Patrick J., and Desai, Jay
- Subjects
PRIMARY care ,DIABETES ,NURSE administrators ,GROUNDED theory ,PREDIABETIC state - Abstract
Background: In this paper we describe the use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to study implementation of a web-based, point-of-care, EHR-linked clinical decision support (CDS) tool designed to identify and provide care recommendations for adults with prediabetes (Pre-D CDS).Methods: As part of a large NIH-funded clinic-randomized trial, we identified a convenience sample of interview participants from 22 primary care clinics in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin that were randomly allocated to receive or not receive a web-based EHR-integrated prediabetes CDS intervention. Participants included 11 clinicians, 6 rooming staff, and 7 nurse or clinic managers recruited by study staff to participate in telephone interviews conducted by an expert in qualitative methods. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data analysis was conducted using a constructivist version of grounded theory.Results: Implementing a prediabetes CDS tool into primary care clinics was useful and well received. The intervention was integrated with clinic workflows, supported primary care clinicians in clearly communicating prediabetes risk and management options with patients, and in identifying actionable care opportunities. The main barriers to CDS use were time and competing priorities. Finally, while the implementation process worked well, opportunities remain in engaging the care team more broadly in CDS use.Conclusions: The use of CDS tools for engaging patients and providers in care improvement opportunities for prediabetes is a promising and potentially effective strategy in primary care settings. A workflow that incorporates the whole care team in the use of such tools may optimize the implementation of CDS tools like these in primary care settings. Trial registration Name of the registry: Clinicaltrial.gov.Trial Registration Number: NCT02759055. Date of registration: 05/03/2016. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02759055 Prospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Challenge of Christian Deliberation in a Libertarian Context: The Case of the ELCA's Social Statement on Genetics.
- Author
-
Glenna, Leland L. and Stofferahn, Curtis W.
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENIC seeds , *DELIBERATION , *EVANGELICAL churches , *LUTHERAN Church , *LIBERTARIANS , *TRANSGENIC plants - Abstract
In 2005, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America's (ELCA) Churchwide Assembly authorized the formation of a task force to prepare a social statement on genetics and faith. Although the Churchwide Assembly voted to adopt the social statement in August of 2011 by a wide margin, there had been an earlier controversy. In June 2010, an article in the Dakota Farmer questioned whether the ELCA was accusing farmers of "sin" for planting genetically engineered crop seeds. At least two churches in rural North Dakota cited this factor as a reason for leaving the ELCA. Seven synods with strong farmer constituencies proposed resolutions challenging the social statement. This paper explores how the opposition used agrarianism and libertarianism to attack the ELCA's use of the Christian concept of the common good in the social statement. This case reveals the challenges that the Church faces when contributing to ethical deliberations on controversial issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Unlike Big Dailies, A Paper Prospers In Bismarck, N.D.
- Author
-
Hallinan, Joseph T.
- Subjects
- *
NEWSPAPERS -- Local editions , *NEWSPAPER publishing - Abstract
This article focuses on "The Bismarck Tribune," the local daily newspaper in North Dakota's capital. The paper has a staff of ten reporters and seven editors. The paper focuses on local issues and features a popular feature called "Photo of the Day" where readers can send in their photos to be published. The paper is published by Lee Enterprises Inc. Smaller papers have been able to hold their markets while bigger newspapers are battling the Internet and other sources of information.
- Published
- 2006
42. A two-phase wind speed simulation model considering diurnal and seasonal patterns and its application to adequacy assessment.
- Author
-
Miao, Shuwei, Xiong, Haoran, Li, Dan, and Gu, Yingzhong
- Subjects
WIND speed ,SEASONS ,PEAK load ,SIMULATION methods & models ,DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) - Abstract
Owing to the growing wind penetration, the diurnal and seasonal patterns of wind speed may create a considerable impact on system adequacy. To assess such impact, this paper proposes a two-phase wind speed simulation model considering diurnal and seasonal patterns. The joint wind speed probability distribution of 24-h wind speed is employed to consider the diurnal pattern in the first phase. The optimal season coefficients are proposed to consider the seasonal pattern in the second phase. The optimal season coefficients are obtained by minimizing the difference between the mean value and standard deviation of simulated wind speeds and those of actual wind speeds at each season. With the proposed model, the seasonal adequacy assessment procedure of wind-integrated generation systems considering diurnal and seasonal patterns is developed. The actual wind speed data collected from the wind site in North Dakota are used to justify the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed model. The influences of seasonal pattern, wind turbine quantity, and system peak load on seasonal system adequacy are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Spectrum measurement and utilization in an outdoor 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi network using cooperative cognitive radio system.
- Author
-
El‐Shafai, Walid, Fawzi, Ahmed, Zekry, Abdelhalim, Abd El‐Samie, Fathi E., and Abd‐Elnaby, Mohammed
- Subjects
COGNITIVE radio ,WIRELESS Internet ,RADIO technology ,DATA transmission systems ,QUALITY of service ,RADIO stations - Abstract
Summary: Nowadays, the popular 2.4‐GHz band is used in different systems, such as Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, wireless sensor systems, and wireless cameras. Instead of the over‐crowded 2.4‐GHz Wi‐Fi band, this research offers the experience of using the 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi band, which provides more spectrum availability, more channels, larger bandwidth, faster data transmission, higher data rates, higher speed, and better quality of service compared to those of the 2.4‐GHz band. In this paper, practical implementation and testing of a cooperative spectrum sensing system are presented. The spectrum utilization in the 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi licensed band at six different locations is investigated to allow the transition of secondary users (SUs) to free bands. The spectrum measurement is performed on a centralized cooperative spectrum sensing system, which consists of a master cognitive radio node and five cognitive radio stations. The measurement and simulation results for the practical system are compared with the previous related measurements obtained in Singapore, Barcelona, North Dakota (USA), and Germany. They all agree that the spectrum is underutilized, and it needs to be better utilized for increasing the spectrum efficiency. The practical results show that the newly implemented system in the 5‐GHz range fulfills the requirements of users with high efficiency and high quality of service compared to those of the 2.4‐GHz system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Role of Culture in Explaining the Failure of Social Movement Mobilization: Why Framing Is Not Enough.
- Author
-
Pennington, Jon
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,CULTURE ,PRO-life movement ,MORMONS - Abstract
The paper compares pro-life/anti-abortion activism in Utah and North Dakota to explain why pro-life mobilization is more frequent in North Dakota than in Utah, even though both states are favorable to policies against abortion. Using linguist Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative functions of language, the paper argues that mobilization is low in Utah not because of the inability to find a resonant "master frame," but because Utah Mormon and non-Mormon activists do not have shared cultural discourses or practices that promote the "contact" or solidarity that makes efficient communication possible. Without efficient modes of communication that make all subgroups in a movement comfortable, mobilization fails due to mistrust fostered by miscommunication. Framing theory does not account for this process, because it focuses solely on the objective content of a movement’s messages, while ignoring the other functions of communication in Jakobson’s model. The paper with a discussion of "transparent" vs. "opaque" civic cultures and why mobilization is easier in a "transparent" civic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Guidance on Reopening Schools: Equity Considerations during COVID-19. Equity by Design
- Author
-
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Midwest & Plains Equity Assistance Center (MAP EAC), Gorman, Trish, Broughton, Noelle, Rusnak, Katy, Skelton, Seena M., and Thorius, Kathleen King
- Abstract
This "Equity by Design" brief highlights equity issues that arise in the process of reopening schools during a global pandemic. The authors examine state plans and guidance for reopening schools across states in the Midwest & Plains Equity Assistance Center (MAP EAC) region which includes the 13 states of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The purpose of this paper is to provide explicit consideration of equity issues in the context of reopening schools and generate discussion about the topics addressed. The following topics are covered: (1) time spent in face-to-face instruction vs. virtual or hybrid learning environments and any calendar changes; (2) screening and reporting of COVID-19 symptoms and exposure; (3) social distancing, face masks and classroom set up; (4) ensuring more equitable learning for students with dis/abilities and multilingual learners; (5) access to technology; (6) opportunities and challenges in online learning, (7) communication with parent/caregivers; (8) addressing learning loss; (9) guidance on Social Emotional Learning (SEL); and (10) guidance on field trips and co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. Throughout this brief, the authors highlight equity issues that inevitably arise in the context of schooling where conditions of access are likely exacerbated by the pandemic and how one might approach and consider these issues in planning and policy. As school and district leaders review and revise policy implementation, the guidance outlined in this paper can inform the way that policy is implemented and can help highlight issues around equity that district and school personnel may not have considered in planning for reopening.
- Published
- 2021
46. Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster.
- Author
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Todhunter, P. E.
- Subjects
ENDORHEIC lakes ,FLOOD warning systems ,LAKES ,FLOOD damage ,FROZEN ground ,PRECIPITATION gauges ,FLOOD risk - Abstract
Devils Lake, a terminal lake in northeast North Dakota (USA), has experienced catastrophic flooding since 1993. From January 31, 1993, to December 31, 2014, lake level rose from 433.62 to 442.44 m, lake area expanded from 179.9 to 653.5 km
2 , and lake volume increased from 0.70 to 3.80 km3 . More than $1 billion ($USD) has been spent in government payments to mitigate direct, primary, tangible flood damages. This paper provides a case study of the hydrological basis of the Devils Lake flood disaster. The unique geomorphic setting, paleoclimatic record, and hydroclimatic conditions of the region are summarized, and a wide range of hydroclimatic data is examined to provide a broad understanding of the physical basis of the flood disaster. The primary cause of the disaster was a transition to a sustained wetter climate that resulted in a dramatic response in basin hydrological variables in 1993. The transition from a long-term dry period to a long-term wet period caused the lake water budget to begin to change from an atmosphere-controlled water budget dominated by precipitation input to an amplifier lake water budget dominated by surface runoff input to the lake. Other important hydrological factors include a nonlinear precipitation–runoff relationship following the long-term drought, fill-spill and fill-merge hydrological behavior that is characteristic of wetland complexes, an increase in the lake area-to-basin area ratio, and the critical role of frozen soils in controlling infiltration and runoff production of spring snowmelt. Engineering works to manage lake volume through two outlets have reduced, but not entirely eliminated, future flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. From the war on terror to a war on territory: corporate counterinsurgency at the Escobal mine and the Dakota Access Pipeline.
- Author
-
Granovsky-Larsen, Simon and Santos, Larissa
- Subjects
COUNTERINSURGENCY ,PRIVATE military companies ,SILVER mining ,PETROLEUM pipelines ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Some Preliminary Considerations for a Métis-Catalan Comparison.
- Author
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White, Gerald Stephen
- Subjects
METIS ,LEGAL judgments ,BORDER crossing ,COMMUNITIES - Abstract
This paper argues for the value of a comparison of the Métis national movement with the Catalan national movement. It pays special attention to the matter of federalism (especially the writings of Harry Daniels and the recent court rulings about Catalonia's status and bid for independence), of small communities that have been "carved out" (especially the Métis Settlements of Alberta and the microstate of Andorra) and the existence of communities that cross borders (especially the Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota and the Catalan communities of France). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Cass Clay Food Partners: A networked response to COVID-19.
- Author
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Harden, Noelle, Bertsch, Bob, Carlson, Kayla, Myrdal, Megan, Bobicic, Irena, Gold, Abby, Lipetzky, Kim, and Hiller, Tim
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,LOCAL foods ,CLAY ,NUTRITION policy ,URBAN agriculture - Abstract
The Cass Clay Food Partners is a network of professionals, stakeholders, and residents serving Cass County, North Dakota, and Clay County, Minnesota, in creating a healthier, more just local food system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cass Clay Food Partners quickly implemented a multipronged response that leveraged three critical assets of our network: (1) our unique structure, (2) our nuanced understanding of the social ties across overlapping networks, and (3) our ability to quickly pivot our work to address community needs. In this paper, we describe how our network responded to both the challenges and opportunities presented to our food system by the COVID-19 crisis. We also provide tools and recommendations for other food policy and food network practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Postsecondary Education for Incarcerated Individuals: Guidance for State Agencies and Systems of Higher Education
- Author
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State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO), Pearson, Denise, and Heckert, Kelsey
- Abstract
The United States leads the world in the number of incarcerated persons per 100,000. In today's global economy, these numbers represent huge wastes in human capital, especially when you consider the inequitable nature of the American criminal justice system, as witnessed by the disproportionate racial and ethnic composition, types of crimes, and length of prison sentences represented within this population. Regardless of the pathway to prison, most incarcerated people will eventually return to the communities from which they came, so one of the important questions may be, how does society want them to show up? Broken or made whole? Angry or hopeful? Employable or unemployable? Role model or counterexample? The essence of this paper is linked to a favored quote by the late Nelson Mandela, who said, "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." These words are as profound today as they were in 1990 when he addressed an audience of Boston high school students. Furthermore, education in America remains one of the best investments individuals and governments can make, which should include investment in prison-based education programs. These types of efforts are cost-effective, reduce recidivism, improve employment prospects, increase civic engagement, and can disrupt generational poverty. Despite Second Chance Pell programs and other evidence supporting the multilayered value of postsecondary (coursework beyond high school) education for incarcerated populations, barriers and challenges persist. Fortunately, leaders of state agencies and systems of higher education are increasingly exploring the feasibility of these programs for their states. This paper presents preliminary findings from a survey SHEEO administered to its members in 2018. It advocates for postsecondary education for incarcerated persons as a relevant policy issue at federal and state levels in current political environments. Key findings and recommendations were informed by responses from 38 percent of SHEEO's membership. States responding to the survey were Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Washington, and Wyoming. Non-member organizations included Truckee Meadows Community College (NV); University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Bismarck State College (ND); and the Washington State Board of Community and Technical Colleges. The paper is organized around three main categories: access, program delivery, and reentry of program participants into society, with the following key performance indicators.
- Published
- 2020
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