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The article discusses the emergence of privately owned corporate collectivities that have become the agent of new economic system in the U.S. These are political and legal systems that use contracts as a legal instrument to join the nation's largest corporations to the federal government. The scientific and technological revolution leads to the union of entrepreneurship to organization and has changed the nature of government into a positive state. As an ultimate economic policymaker, the Supreme Court had established corporativism during the Depression. The establishment of the Council of Economic Advisers resulted in the active management of the economy and has been considered as one of the significant changes in the U.S. constitution.

The article focuses on Swedish sociology. A number of general surveys of Swedish sociology have been published. Despite differences in formulation, opinions concerning the principal trends in Swedish sociology show a broad measure of agreement. Historically, a quite natural starting point is that the Nordic countries were outside the mainstream of Europe when industrialism came into its own, while the great classics of sociology were written in the countries at the center of this process, where the dominant trends of industrial society first emerged in full outline. One might say that circumstances in the Nordic countries were not as favorable for potential social thinkers to found an intellectual tradition of their own. The late 1960s was a time of radical reexamination of sociology in many countries, including Sweden, where the reaction against traditional sociology provoked debates around two central issues: soft data and value judgments, to use sociologist Ander Gullberg's phrases. Although the debates bore features peculiar to Sweden and referred to specifically Swedish issues, they may nonetheless be regarded as offshoots of the sharply increased international interest in hermeneutics and in Marxist-inspired critical sociology.

An attempt is made for a conceptualization of the functioning of the welfare-state as known in Scandinavia. A central thesis is that the state-apparatus has a certain degree of freedom to initiate actions within the constraints of a capitalistic economic system. This thesis rejects the idea of the state being neutral and independent as well as the idea of the total subordination of the state-apparatus under capitalist domination. Nor is the thesis accepted that there exists a harmonious co-existence between state-apparatus and monopolies. It is asserted that contradictions existing within a capitalistic society can be solved by state-invervention only through the creation of new contradictions. This is illustrated by means of the functioning of the public sector. It is finally asserted that the state-apparatus in order to maintain total capital has to restrict the actions of individual capitals. The theoretical and meta-theoretical consequences of this thesis are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article starts out with the general course of political action that leads toward peace, in contrast to one that leads toward war and analyzes the political institutions, to reveal that they in turn are dependent upon an underlying economic structure. It attempts to show that the underlying mechanisms of the economic system, in terms of the motives and rewards of society, inevitably lead to conflict, and suggests how this can be avoided. These are the long range causes of wars in the modern world. It also deals with the more immediate question, the psychology of nationalism; with an analysis of why it is that the peoples of the world have continued to participate in each war as it comes along, although more and more protesting against war during the periods of preparation between hostilities. It offers an interpretation of the present war to the effect that its nature has been continually changing; that it has many significant differences from the last world war; and that there are opportunities in the conduct of the war and in the determination of the peace that the forces of democracy over the world had better grasp now.

Discusses key issues concerning planning in pioneer settlement in geography. Margin of the cultivable earth where life conditions are subnormal and where more of less specialized modes of cultivation and community organization are key to permanent occupation; Economic systems under which pioneers operate; Implications on agriculture and geography.

The article focuses on the book "The Road We Are Traveling, 1914-1942," by Stuart Chase. The author gives what he calls a fast movie of a quarter of a century of economic history. Beginning in 1913 he runs off for us the economic phenomena of the First World War, the boom of the 20's, the depression, the remedies of the New Deal, and the beginning expansion of war program. To relate these phenomena, outline and analyze trends and project their curves into the future, all in the space of 106 pages is an achievement which is far more than a tour de force. He focuses on the change from a money to a production economy and insists that purchasing power in terms of money is of secondary importance in an economic system.