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2. Environmental Education, The Last Measure of Man. An Anthology of Papers for the Consideration of the 14th and 15th Conference of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO.
- Author
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National Commission for UNESCO (Dept. of State), Washington, DC. and Kohn, Raymond F.
- Abstract
An anthology of papers for consideration by delegates to the 14th and 15th conferences of the United States National Commission for UNESCO are presented in this book. As a wide-ranging collection of ideas, it is intended to serve as background materials for the conference theme - our responsibility for preserving and defending a human environment that permits the full growth of man, physical, cultural, and social. Thirty-four essays are contributed by prominent authors, educators, historians, ecologists, biologists, anthropologists, architects, editors, and others. Subjects deal with the many facets of ecology and the environment; causes, effects, and interactions with man which have led to the crises of today. They look at what is happening to man's "inside environment" in contrast to the physical or outside environment as it pertains to pollution of the air, water, and land. For the common good of preserving the only means for man's survival, the need for world cooperation and understanding is emphatically expressed. (BL)
- Published
- 1971
3. Parents' Perceptions of Resident Outdoor Education, Rockford Outdoor School and Taft Campus, Illinois: A Comparison. Taft Campus Occasional Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Northern Illinois Univ., Oregon. Lorado Taft Field Campus., Jones, Orville E., and Swan, Malcolm D.
- Abstract
Evaluating 566 opinionnaires of the 1,400 distributed to parents whose children had participated in programs at 1 of 2 resident outdoor education centers in northern Illinois--the Rockford Outdoor School and the Lorado Taft Field Campus--this study sought (1) to determine what parents perceive to be the values and outcomes of the resident outdoor education program; (2) to learn whether parents endorse continuation of the resident program; (3) to ascertain who parents think should assume financial responsibility for selected aspects of the resident program; and (4) to provide parents an opportunity to make suggestions to improve the program of resident outdoor education. In the survey, validity and reliability of the parental perceptions, opinions, and attitudes were not sought; however, it was felt that the parents' responses were important in determining whether the programs were to receive public support or public condemnation. Thirteen conclusions, 10 recommendations, and 2 appendixes showing parents' comments and suggestions are included, along with 10 tables. (MJB)
- Published
- 1971
4. Rapid Industrial Development, Competition, and Relative Economic Status: A Study in Human Ecology. Working Paper RID 73.10.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center of Applied Sociology., Summers, Gene F., and Clemente, Frank
- Abstract
The document has 3 goals (1) to examine the distribution of economic benefits of industrial development as reflected by the concept of competition in human ecology; (2) to provide an empirical test of the ecological model, and (3) to relate the findings to public policy. Two Illinois study areas were identified. First, as an experimental region, Putnam County and bordering sections of the 3 contiguous counties were selected. Second, a comparable region across the state--Iroquois County--was selected as a control region. Both regions: (1) are about equidistant from Chicago, (2) had similar highway and railway systems in 1966, and (3) were rural agricultural counties similar in demographic composition. In 1966, 1,171 household heads were interviewed in the experimental region, and 411 in the control region. Five years later, after the industrial plant had beenin operation, 1,166 persons in the experimental region were interviewed and 399 in the control region. Findings are presented in 5 tables and are summarized--e.g., Table 1 presents gross and net effects on income of each category of competitive capacity. (FF)
- Published
- 1973
5. A Guide to Recycled Papers: Problems, Sources, and Samples.
- Author
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Bay Area Paper Recycling Project, San Francisco, CA. and Carroll, Katherine
- Abstract
This guide explains what is involved in recycling paper. Some background history is presented on the use of recycled paper. Sources of use for this product are pointed out, especially instances where business and industry have found that recycled paper could be used in place of the virgin product. The major part of the guide consists of samples of recycled paper. (JP)
- Published
- 1973
6. Two Recent Ecological Papers
- Published
- 1906
7. Man and Nature, Resource Paper No. 10.
- Author
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Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography., Tuan, Yi-Fu, Tuan, Yi-Fu, and Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography.
- Abstract
Man and nature is the theme of this resource paper which is part of a series designed to supplement existing texts and to fill a gap between significant research in geography and readily accessible materials. The approach followed in the paper is loosely dialectical: the intent is to understand man and nature by posing one concept against the other. The paper begins with definitions, setting nature and man side by side. Then man, as a biological organism, subject to nature, is contrasted with man as agent for change, subduing nature. Next, the theory of how man structures his world is taken up, showing how man arranges elements and events of nature to conform to his own sense of order. The consequences of man -made schemata imposed on nature are noted. Lastly, the solution to the problem of a deteriorating environment and its threat to livelihood and social harmony is measured for success in terms of improvements in the means of food production which allow rapid gains in population. Concluding remarks emphasize the open-ended nature of the original theme of man and nature. A bibliography is included. (Author/KSM)
- Published
- 1971
8. Communications and Energy in Changing Urban Environments. Colston Papers Volume 21.
- Author
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Colston Research Society, Bristol (England). and Jones, Douglas
- Abstract
Recognizing that the need to exchange information has been one of the critical influences in urban design, the Twenty-First Colston Research Society (CRS) Conference explored a variety of topics in the area of communications, transportation, and the environment. These subjects were pursued from the British experience and most all the papers have specific relevance to either Greater London or Great Britain. Primarily the conference scrutinized the current concept of "city" by means of a theoretical systems analysis that was based on information flow. Also discussed were the future of urban planning, telecommunication, public transportation, and human interaction. A simulation model for use as a design tool by planners was presented. (MC)
- Published
- 1971
9. Visual Blight in America, Resource Paper No. 23.
- Author
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Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography., Lewis, Peirce F., Lewis, Peirce F., and Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography.
- Abstract
Five articles comprise this resource paper that considers "visual blight" in the United States and the role that geographers can play in preserving the physical environment. The first article contends that visual blight is a proper subject for debate for geographers. The second article interprets causes and effects of visual blight and suggests that blight is a disease or symptom of organic malfunctioning. By studying visual blight, health of society can be judged on the ground of visual evidence in the landscape. In addition, the importance of artistic integrity in environment needs to be considered. The third article describes the problem that not everything is offensive and that blight may be in the eye of the beholder. Five specifications of blight are listed. The fourth article suggests that visual blight must be attacked, but people must also become aware and open their eyes to appreciate their surroundings with greater sensitivity, thereby raising the level of concern and generating greater possibilities of change. A social and moral factor is introduced into the definition of landscape in the last article, which allows the geographer to make a significant contribution to the reordering of the environment with his knowledge and feeling of place. (Author/JR)
- Published
- 1973
10. Man and Environment: Conceptual Frameworks, Resource Paper No. 20.
- Author
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Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography., Hewitt, Kenneth, Hare, F. Kenneth, Hewitt, Kenneth, Hare, F. Kenneth, and Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography.
- Abstract
This resource paper on the interrelations between man and the environment is part of a series designed to supplement undergraduate geography courses. It outlines an approach to man-environment problems. Chapter one describes how an environmental perspective relates to the study of human geography. Chapter two describes the main transactions between man and the environment. Under consideration are the adaptive relationships between the environment and individual human beings, human groups, technology, and language. Chapter three relates man's distribution and economic activities to the functioning of the natural and modified ecosystems of the earth. The authors conclude that a nonexploitive relationship between man and the environment can be achieved only when we have discovered a system of management sophisticated enough to cope with the accelerated pace of technological innovation. (Author/DE)
- Published
- 1973
11. The Schools and the Environment, A Report of a National Seminar. An Occasional Paper.
- Author
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Institute for Development of Educational Activities, Dayton, OH.
- Abstract
Presented is a summary of a national seminar convened to propose guidelines for schools to follow in instituting K-12 environmental studies. Included is the outline of the entire K-12 program, Strand IV - Environmental and Community Health, developed for the Niskayuna School District, New York. In addition to comments by guest speakers there are sections on how to institute change in the schools, cartoons as elementary teaching aids, the major provisions of the Environmental Quality Act and related issues. The following resources are also provided: a brief annotated film list containing 16 films which deal with ecology and pollution, including information for ordering; and a list of books concerned with ecology. (PR)
- Published
- 1970
12. Games as Teaching Tools. An Examination of the Community Land Use Game. Papers on Gaming Simulation Number One.
- Author
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Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Center for Urban Development Research. and Monroe, Margaret Warne
- Abstract
An experimental study sought to determine if simulation-type games could teach a given body of material as effectively as the traditional lecture method. Graduate students in a Human Ecology course were divided into experimental and control groups; the former played the Community Land Use Game (CLUG), the latter attended lectures. Posttests measured their respective amounts of learning. Results indicated that the two methods taught facts equally well and that factual retention was equal for both groups. Students taught by the lecture method learned more about theoretical concepts and were better able to integrate disparate facts, whereas those playing CLUG learned more specific facts, better understood the dynamics of interactive human systems, and were more highly motivated. It was concluded that games were useful educational tools, especially in that they contributed to the students' understanding of decision-making in dynamic systems; it was recognized, however, that games were only effective when well grounded in factual information and when carefully critiqued and it was recommended that they be employed in conjunction with other teaching methods. (PB)
- Published
- 1968
13. Papers from the Peter Redpath Museum No. 1. Organisms and organization /
- Author
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Willey, Arthur, 1867-1942, Welch, Paul S. (Paul Smith), 1822-1959, Canadiana.org (archive.org), Willey, Arthur, 1867-1942, and Welch, Paul S. (Paul Smith), 1822-1959
- Subjects
Ecology ,Oligochaeta ,Tropisms ,Worms - Published
- 1917
14. The convergence of environmental disruption.
- Author
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Goldman MI
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Economics, Fossil Fuels, Health Resorts, Industrial Waste, Paper, Population Growth, Socialism, USSR, United States, Water Pollution, Ecology, Environmental Health
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Resources - Trees to Paper to Waste
- Author
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Carlson, Gerald F.
- Abstract
A method for teaching elementary school children that man must not waste the world's resources if he is to maintain his comfortable place in the world's environment. (RB)
- Published
- 1972
16. The Glassware Today - The Paper Tomorrow
- Author
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Viggiani, James C. and Viggiani, Linda J.
- Abstract
A method of reclaiming" used glass bottles and jars by making them into useful objects. (RB)
- Published
- 1972
17. Survey of papers on ecosystems analysis from 1947--1971 in the journal ''Ecology''.
- Author
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McMullin, B.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Recycling Paper: An Ecology Experiment
- Author
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Stein, Roy
- Published
- 1973
19. Richards C. Austin, Compiler, Research Papers
- Author
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Austin, Richard Cartwright and Austin, Richard Cartwright
- Subjects
- Austin, Richard Cartwright, 1934, Boone County - VISTA., Ecology., VISTA - Boone County., Ecology
- Abstract
The "View now" link directs to the finding aid only. Please email wvrhcref@westvirginia.libanswers.com or call 304-293-3536 for more information about accessing collection A&M 2425 Richards C. Austin, Compiler, Research Papers, 1967-68. Two papers prepared by Dr. Austin in conjunction with his work in the Advanced Pastoral Studies Program at San Francisco Theological Seminary. The papers concern Dr. Austin's work in Community Organization in Boone County, West Virginia and his practice of "Environmental Theology".
- Published
- 1967
20. Social Research in North American Moisture-Deficient Regions.
- Author
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Rocky Mountain Social Science Association, Laramie, WY., American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces., and Bennett, John W.
- Abstract
Five papers presented at the 9th symposium held during the 42nd annual meeting of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science are: (1) "Do We Need a Sociology of Arid Regions"?; (2) "Deficit Creating Influences for Role Performance and Status Acquisition in Sparsely Populated Regions of the United States"; (3) "Ecology, Economy and Society in an Agricultural Region of the Northern Great Plains"; (4) "The Problem of Drought Perception"; and (5) "Technological Conservatism in Cattle Ranching as an Adaptive Process". The papers, centering on an ecological viewpoint, aim to suggest possibilities of basic research on sociological adaptations in moisture-deficient regions. Discussions cover modern agrarian and town populations in the Great Plains and neighboring semiarid regions. (NQ)
- Published
- 1966
21. Utilization of diversity indices in evaluating the effect of a paper mill effluent on bottom fauna
- Author
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J. K. G. Silvey, Albert C. Hendricks, Kenneth L. Dickson, Don Henley, and J. T. Wyatt
- Subjects
Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Fauna ,Species diversity ,Estuary ,Paper mill ,Aquatic Science ,complex mixtures ,Diversity index ,Wastewater ,parasitic diseases ,Environmental science ,business ,Effluent - Abstract
Bottom fauna surveys of the Lower Sabine River in the vicinity of Orange, Texas were performed from 1967 to 1969. During this time samples were taken before and after effluent from a black-liquor paper mill was discharge into the Sabine River. Species diversity indices were determined for each station (one station above the discharge canal and four below it). The results obtained indicated that the paper mill effluent was not disturbing the river to a degree that it would cause damage. However, the proximity of Sabine Lake (an estuary) and the very low flow often encountered on the Sabine River makes it imperative that high standards be imposed in treatment of the waste water and that qualified personnel make periodic studies on the river.
- Published
- 1974
22. THE APPLICATION OF PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY TO A TAXONOMIC STUDY IN THE MOLLUSCAN GENUS LYMNAEA
- Author
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C. A. Wright
- Subjects
Paper chromatography ,biology ,Ecology ,Genus ,biology.animal ,Zoology ,Snail ,biology.organism_classification ,Lymnaea - Abstract
Summary 1. The literature on the use of paper chromatography in taxonomic work is reviewed briefly. 2. The technique of paper chromatography on disks is described and the method has been applied to a number of species of Lymnaea. 3. The chromatographic patterns of the species studied are described and discussed. 4. The implications of the discovery of species-specific substances in the body surface mucus of snails are discussed, both from the taxonomic and parasitological points of view. 5. The possibilities of applying two-dimensional chromatography to the free amino-acids of snail blood are discussed.
- Published
- 1959
23. Ability of the Hessian Fly to Stunt Winter Wheat. 2. Paper Chromatography of Extracts of Freeze-Dried Larvae and Wheat Plants123
- Author
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Robert L. Gallun and R. A. Byers
- Subjects
Solvent system ,Larva ,animal structures ,Ecology ,biology ,fungi ,Winter wheat ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Ethanol extracts ,Paper chromatography ,Insect Science ,Wheat plant ,parasitic diseases ,Botany ,Cultivar ,Mayetiola destructor - Abstract
Paper chromatography of freeze-dried larvae of Mayetiola destructor (Say) in a solvent system of 1-butanol:methanol:water, 80:5:15, isolated a peak of plant-growth-promoting substance at Rt 0.15-0.25. This growth promoter was detected also on chromatograms of stomachs and carcasses of fresh larvae but was absent from chromatograms of larvae collected from ‘Knox 62’ wheat, Triticum aestivum L., a cultivar resistant to the Hessian fly, or from chromatograms of larvae that had never fed. Paper chromatograms of ethanol extracts of both infested and uninfested wheat plants revealed that feeding by the larvae did not reduce the amount of the growth promoter, but benzene extracts of infested plants produced chromatograms with more peaks of growth-inhibiting substances than did benzene extracts of uninfested plants. The inhibitors in the benzene extracts of infested plants may be the reaction of the wheat plant to secretions introduced into the plant by the feeding larvae. Therefore, the most likely cause of stunting of winter wheat by the Hessian fly is the result of something discharged into the plant by the Hessian fly larva as it feeds.
- Published
- 1972
24. Variability in Paper Electrophoretic Patterns of the Serum of Landlocked Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus
- Author
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H. R. McCrimmon and M. L. H. Thomas
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Petromyzon ,biology ,Ecology ,Lamprey ,Albumin ,Serum protein ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Paper electrophoresis ,Life history ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
One hundred and fifty-eight samples of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) blood were analyzed using paper electrophoresis at pH 8.6. The specimens were of two phases in lamprey life history, the parasitic phase and pre-spawning phase. Variations in serum protein concentration, positions and sizes of the fractions were associated with the state of life history, sex and disease. Most of the variation between phases of life history was in the dominant fraction, an albumin. There was a decrease in total stainable protein while specimens were starved in captivity. Disease caused several changes in the pattern, the most striking of which was an increase in the size of fraction 6, probably α-globulin.
- Published
- 1964
25. The effect of industrial effluent from pulp and paper mills on the marine benthic environment
- Author
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T. H. Pearson
- Subjects
Paper ,biology ,Ecology ,Annelida ,Fauna ,Water Pollution ,General Engineering ,Industrial Waste ,Plant litter ,Cirriformia ,biology.organism_classification ,Idotea ,Wood ,Polyhaline ,Corbula ,Scotland ,Mollusca ,Benthic zone ,Capitella ,Water Pollution, Chemical ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The types of effluent discharged by wood-processing industries and their effects on the benthic environment are described. A brief summary of the results of the Lochs Linnhe-Eil survey 1964-70 is given. Populations of the molluscs Corbula , Thyasira and Myrtea have increased in most areas, and appear to be favoured by a moderate increase in the organic input to the system. Corbula dominates in the shallower polyhaline areas, and Myrtea in the deeper mixoeuhaline areas. On sediments with a high natural leaf litter content a low diversity fauna occurs, dominated by the annelids Cirriformia , Peloscolex , Capitella and Staurocephalus , and the crustacean Idotea . The predominance of this kind of fauna has increased in its area of occurrence in recent years. Comparisons of these faunal distributions and changes with those found in surveys in other marine areas affected by wood-processing wastes and other types of organic effluents show considerable similarities in the faunal changes occurring under increased organic loading. The utility of ‘indicator’ species in the assessment of organic pollution is briefly discussed. The need for detailed information on the ecological and physiological reasons underlying the varied faunal successions which occur under conditions of pollutional stress is emphasized.
- Published
- 1972
26. On the Growth of Fibermass in the Paper Stock
- Author
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T. Abe and K. Shimazu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ecology ,Mechanical Engineering ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,Hemicellulose ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
The cause of fibermass-growing are discussed which arise just before the sheet making process. The growth of fibermass is due to peculiar filmy fibrillation of the outer layer of cell, and have relations with degree of digestion, bleaching conditions, chemical components especially hemicellulose contents. Moreover the influences of beating conditions and degree of beating are investigated.
- Published
- 1956
27. The Cult of the Kill in Adolescent Fiction.
- Author
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Kelty, Jean McClure
- Abstract
Although attention should be drawn to the fact that girls in children's and adolescent fiction are stereotyped, it seems more serious that boys in such literature are far too often stereotyped as attaining manhood by a violent act against an animal--whether a pet or wild--or against other aspects of the natural world. Of greater impact are those books in which both evil, symbolized by animals, and nature, represented as alien to man, are forces against which a young man must pit himself. In contrast, few books portray the acceptance by a young boy that to become a man, he must face the trouble within himself rather than externalizing it. Teachers should emphasize this point, affirming that violence and destruction are not necessary steps to manhood. (JM)
- Published
- 1974
28. Man as a Global Ecological Force.
- Author
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California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. and Holdren, John P.
- Abstract
The goals of the Caltech Population Program are to increase understanding of the interrelationships between population growth and socioeconomic and cultural patterns throughout the world and to communicate this understanding. This series of occasional papers is one step in the process of communicating research results. The papers deal primarily with problems of population growth and the interaction of population change with such variables as resources, food supply, environment, urbanization, employment, economic development, and social and cultural values. Paper Number 2 categorizes five types of environmental problems; four of the categories are of a direct nature, while the fifth is indirect. The author feels that most attention is paid to acute problems in the direct categories, while chronic indirect problems may prove to be the most serious of all. These indirect effects on human welfare act through interference with services provided for society by natural biological systems. The paper describes man's force in the ecological system both historically and for the present and future. (LS)
- Published
- 1973
29. Lead: aspects of its ecology and environmental toxicity. Semiannual report. Botanical science paper 32
- Author
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Siegel, S
- Published
- 1973
30. Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Insecticidal Efficiency of Malathion Deposits on Wheat and Kraft Paper
- Author
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Patrick G. Mahany and Robert R. Cogburn
- Subjects
Ecology ,fungi ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Toxicity ,Malathion ,Bioassay ,Irradiation ,Food science ,Red flour beetle ,Kraft paper ,Chemical decomposition - Abstract
Malathion deposits on wheat and Kraft paper were irradiated with several dosage levels of gamma radiation. After various periods of aging, samples were bioassay with adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Chemical analyses were done concurrently with the bioassays. Neither the toxicity nor the chemical degradation of the malathion deposits was significantly affected by irradiation with gamma dosages ranging from intermediate (25 krad) to massive (4.3 mrad).
- Published
- 1969
31. Polyvinylidene-Coated Kraft Paper as an Insecticide Barrier in Insect-Resistant Packages for Food
- Author
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Margaret Secreast, P. H. Merritt, and Henry A. Highland
- Subjects
Paper ,Ecology ,Food Handling ,Insect Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Polyvinyls ,General Medicine ,Insect ,Biology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Insect Control ,Kraft paper ,media_common - Published
- 1968
32. Discussion of paper by M. E. Rassbach, A. J. Dessler, and A. G. W. Cameron, ‘The lunar period, the solar period, andKp’
- Author
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Richard J. Defouw and Barbara Bell
- Subjects
Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,Ionospheric dynamo region ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Magnetosphere ,Forestry ,Geophysics ,Astrophysics ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Earth's magnetic field ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Variation (astronomy) ,Period (music) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In a recent issue of this Journal, Rassbach et al. [1966] argue that the variation of geomagnetic activity with lunar phase, attributed by some investigators [Bell and Defouw, 1964 (paper 1); 1966a; Stolov and Cameron, 1964; Stolov, 1965] to an interaction between the moon and the magnetosphere, is actually due to the sun. They further state that these various authors were led astray because, in calculating statistical significance, they did not take account of the 27-day recurrence tendency or solar period in the indices of geomagnetic activity. Most of the statistical significances derived from 5-day running means of Kp in the Bell and Defouw papers are indeed too high, because our equation for the standard error did not include terms for the solar period. However, we do not find that consideration of the 27-day solar period by Rassbach et al. demolishes all persuasive evidence for the existence of a lunar modulation of geomagnetic activity, nor do we find that it establishes the apparent effect as resulting from the solar period.
- Published
- 1966
33. Microbial Load on Paper/Polymer Currency and Coins
- Author
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Dev Raj Joshi, Kayo Devi Yami, and Tista Prasai
- Subjects
Toxicology ,Currency ,Aerobic bacteria ,Ecology ,Heterotrophic bacteria ,Biology ,Coliform bacteria - Abstract
Currency notes and coins serve as an agency of transmission of microorganisms since they are passed freely from hand to hand as a medium of exchange. A research, with an objective to explore the microbial load on Nepalese paper/ polymer currency notes and coins, was carried out at the Environment Laboratory of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar from November 2006 to May 2007. All together 63 samples of paper/polymer notes and coins from different professionals of different places at Kathmandu were collected and analyzed for the presence of microorganisms. Among the total tested paper/ polymer and coin samples, 98.4% were found to have heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, 87.3% were contaminated with coliform bacteria and 79.4% showed presence of Staphylococci. Contamination level was found in increasing order of coins> polymer notes>paper notes. The presence of high microbial load on currency notes and coins indicate the potentials of such currencies for possible disease spread in the human communities. Key words: currency notes; coins; heterotrophic bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Staphylococci DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3173 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 105-109
- Published
- 1970
34. Plant fibers in the paper industry
- Author
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T. F. Clark
- Subjects
Ecology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant Science ,Thin sheet ,Horticulture ,Raw material ,Agricultural economics ,Technical feasibility ,Vegetable fibers ,Agriculture ,Service (economics) ,Production (economics) ,Business ,media_common - Abstract
For 20 centuries, vegetable fibers from various sources have been converted into thin sheets for use in trade, communications, law, and even for shelter. Cotton and linen rags were the first fibrous raw materials to acquire widespread status in paper making, and they are still needed for specialty products. Increasing demands for paper ultimately surpassed the availability of rags, so that other sources of fiber were sought. About the year 1800, numerous other materials of agricultural origin began to come into use somewhat temporarily. Although woods have become the prime source of paper making fibers during the last 100-125 years, annual plant fibers retain their importance. The technical feasibility of non-woody materials is substantiated by more than 300 paper mills throughout the world that use such raw materials. Both necessity and special properties account for their use. The potential for various nonwoody fibrous plants is being investigated intensively by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, to discover new crops that might hare practical significance in the national agricultural program and in the commercial production of paper.
- Published
- 1965
35. Survival of Walleye Eggs and Fry on Paper Fiber Sludge Deposits in Rainy River, Minnesota
- Author
-
Lloyd L. Smith and Peter J. Colby
- Subjects
Hydrogen compounds ,Ecology ,Stizostedion ,Gammarus pseudolimnaeus ,Current velocity ,STREAMS ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Crustacean ,Aquatic organisms ,Animal science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Invertebrate - Abstract
Investigations of paper-fiber sludge deposits in the Rainy River, Minnesota, below paper mills were made to determine water characteristics over them with reference to survival of walleye (Stizostedion v. vitreum) eggs and fry and occurrence of bottom fish-food organisms. Sampling of water from the fiber-sludge water interface to the surface showed gradients in oxygen as great as 0.1 ppm to near saturation, and in dissolved sulfides from 0.8 to 0.0 ppm. The most rapid gradient of these materials was in the bottom 20 mm. Levels of sulfides were most affected by current velocity and showed little relation to temperature or season. Walleye eggs placed in test trays on fiber mats had lower survival than those placed 12 inches above the mats and those placed on mineral substrates. Eggs and fry placed on mats died within 48 hours. Laboratory bioassays showed that sulfide levels of 0.3 ppm under controlled conditions approximating river conditions were acutely lethal to Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and walle...
- Published
- 1967
36. Atmometers of Porous Porcelain and Paper, Their Use in Physiological Ecology
- Author
-
Burton E. Livingston
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cultivated plant taxonomy ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Distribution (economics) ,Vegetation ,Swamp ,Natural (archaeology) ,Habitat ,Bluff ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
This paper is de(licate(l to mn life-long friend and colleague, Doctor Henry Chandler Cowles, whose thought and enthusiasm have exerted such notable influence in the rapid (levelol)ment of American ecology throughout a third of a century. His remarkable paper on sandl-(lune vegetation and his early al)l)reciation of the dynamic relations of plant distril)ution to physiographic development came as enlightening encouragement to those who had dreamedd that it might sometime be possible to approach problems of plant distribution from the physiological viewpoint. Studies like those of Cowles furnished a logical method by which the environmental complexes of plant habitats might be usefully characterized and classified according to soils and exposure, inl terms of physiographic features that naturally pass through progressive changes with the lapse of years and centuries. Such simply descriptive terms as moraine, bluff, talus, bajada, beach, strand, lagoon, swamp, thus came to imply slowly changing systems of environmental conditions. Of course the need for a still more penetrating examination of environmental complexes was realized. It was desirable that habitat features should be described in such terms as might replresent conditions to which the indiviclual plant is sensitive, which is not immediately true of geographic or physiographic concepts; at the same time, the terms of habitat description should be susceptible of physical and chleical measurement and integration whenever suitable techniques therefor might be developed. Accordingly, there has arisen a special branch of ecology, which has been called physiological ecology. Considerable progress in physiological ecology had been made by agricultural chemists before ecology took its place among the biological sciences, and their studies on the soil relations of cultivated plants constituted an important part of the fundamental basis for the new science, although it is still sometimes forgotten that ecology must logically include cultivated forms and weeds in its purview, as well as the components of natural plant associations and other natural vegetational units. Agronomy and horticulture furnish the most readily approachable fields for fundamental ecological research, and workers in these fields early turned their attention to soil characteristics as effective environmental features. It was soon realized that the soil condi
- Published
- 1935
37. On the Odd, or Tissue-Paper, Beetle Supposed to be Thylodrias Contractus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
- Author
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H. S. Barber
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Transcaucasia ,Animal food ,Insect Science ,Ethnology ,Common name ,Identification (biology) ,PEST analysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Predator ,Dermestidae ,Thylodrias - Abstract
This odd scavenger is a minute dermestid beetle breeding annually and subsisting only on dried animal matter, in association with man. It probably degenerated into its present wingless and almost grublike form from a winged, free-living form, and became dependent for survival upon constant replenishment of waste animal food about the permanent den of some predator, perhaps man, in arid, cool-temperate Asia. It is recorded from Tiflis, Transcaucasia 1839, Provinces of Astrakhan and Turkestan 1894, New York 1903, Milwaukee 1908, St. Petersburg, Russia 1909, Egypt 1921, Canada 1932, Chicago 1933, and Texas and Minnesota 1939. It is probably now cosmopolitan but is not so recorded, as few observers recognize its inconspicuous adults. Discrepancies in recorded and actual characters leave its identification as Thylodrias contractus still uncertain, but the names Ignotus aenigmaticus and Hospitopterus efflatouni have been given to our pest, and the emendation Thelydrias was proposed to supplant Thylodrias . More than 40 years' experience with and interest in this museum pest which now infests houses, prompts the following discussion. Adoption of “tissue-paper beetle” as its common name would be unfortunate, since it is based on a misconception arising from the finding of stray individuals crawling onto this conspicuous background from their actual breeding place. Tissue paper seems to be of no importance in its ecology. A bibliography is appended.
- Published
- 1947
38. Extension of the sen-white paper on atmospheric oscillations
- Author
-
Marvin L. White
- Subjects
Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,Mathematical analysis ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Geophysics ,White paper ,Extension (metaphysics) ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 1955
39. The influence of a paper pulp mill on the ecological distribution of epiphytic cryptogams in the vicinity of Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkston, Washington
- Author
-
George R. Hoffman
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Pulp mill ,Physcia ,biology ,Physconia ,Ecology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Microclimate ,Lecanora ,Toxicology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Environmental science ,Rinodina ,Epiphyte ,Lichen - Abstract
The ecological distributions of epiphytic cryptogams have been influenced by a paper pulp mill located near Lewiston, Idaho and Clakston, Washington, near the confluence of the Clearwater River with the Snake River. Because the pulp mill is in a deep valley with a very slight wind movement, pollutants tend to concentrate near their source, and the pulp mill is the major source of air pollution in this valley. The lichen Xanthoria fallax is the most common epiphyte on Robinia pseudoacacia in this area and occurs with species of Rinodina, Lecanora, Physconia and Physcia as close as 1–2 km from the pulp mill. From epiphyte data collected from exposed Robinias an Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) was calculated and air pollution zones arbitrarily determined. Certain aspects of the IAP calculations are discussed. Grove and park microclimates are discussed as they influence the ecological distribution of epiphytes in this region.
- Published
- 1974
40. Critique of paper by N. L. Carter and G. C. Kennedy, ‘Origin of diamonds in the Canyon Diablo and Novo Urei meteorites’
- Author
-
Edward Anders and Michael E. Lipschutz
- Subjects
Canyon ,Atmospheric Science ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Troilite ,Astrobiology ,Geophysics ,Meteorite ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Geology ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Critique of paper by Carter and Kennedy regarding origin of diamonds in Canyon Diablo and Novo Urei meteorite
- Published
- 1966
41. Discussion of the paper by J. N. Beck and P. K. Kuroda, ‘Radiostrontium fallout from the nuclear explosion of October 16, 1964’
- Author
-
H. W. Feely
- Subjects
Nuclear explosion ,Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,Meteorology ,Fission ,Radiochemistry ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Fission product yield ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Troposphere ,Public health service ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Stratosphere ,Strontium-90 ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In a recent paper, Beck and Kuroda [1966] deduced from the variations in the Sr89/Sr90 activity ratio in precipitation at Fayetteville, Arkansas, from October 1964 to April 1965 that the first Chinese nuclear explosion, which occurred on October 16, 1964, injected 14.5 kc of Sr90 into the stratosphere and 4 kc into the troposphere. This observation is surprising, for, if 18.5 kc of Sr90 were produced by the first Chinese nuclear explosion, the total fission yield of the device tested should have been about 170 kilotons [Harley et al., 1965]. This test has been described as having involved a ‘low-yield fission device’ [U.S. Public Health Service, 1964], which would indicate an estimated total yield of ‘less than 20 kilotons.’ If the total yield of the device was less than 20 kilotons almost all the radioactive debris produced by it should have been injected into the troposphere, but, if it actually was close to 170 kilotons, much of the radioactive debris should have been injected into the lower stratosphere [Stebbins, 1960], as reported by Beck and Kuroda.
- Published
- 1967
42. Discussion of paper by W. J. Breitling, R. A. Kupferman, and G. J. Gassmann, ‘Traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with nuclear detonations’
- Author
-
D. P. Kanellakos
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Geophysics ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Ionosphere ,Ionosonde ,Geology ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In a recent paper, Breitling et al. [1967] presented an analysis of ionospheric ƒ0F2 data from 54 ionosonde observations throughout the world. From their analysis they claim to have observed F2-region ionospheric disturbances with a large number of characteristic velocities that originated from the five high-altitude, nuclear detonations conducted at Johnston Island in 1962 [Glasstone, 1964]. This Letter has been prepared to show that hourly ƒ0F2 data are, in gener, unsuitable for the study of traveling F2-region ionospheric disturbances originating from nuclear detonations. It appears that much of the data presented by Breitling et al. are due to natural fluctuations of the ƒ0F2 values from the monthly medians rather than the progress of traveling disturbances from high-altitude detonations.
- Published
- 1967
43. Discussion [of paper by W. R. Schell, G. Sauzay, and B. R. Payne, 'Tritium injection and concentration distribution in the atmosphere']
- Author
-
T. G. Scholz
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Oxygen-18 ,Ecology ,Isotope ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Atmospheric sciences ,Atmosphere ,Troposphere ,Geophysics ,Deuterium ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,TRACER ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Tritium ,Water vapor ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Systematic measurements of isotopic tracers in the atmosphere, particularly tritium, deuterium, and oxygen 18 in water vapor, are for practical reasons largely restricted to samples obtained at ground level. On the other hand, their use as atmospheric tracers requires as complete a knowledge as possible of their sources and sinks as well as of their distribution and transport patterns (in space and time) in the atmosphere. In their paper, Schell et al. [1970] attempt to develop a model that permits combination of isotope measurements in ground-level samples with meteorological parameters of the three-dimensional atmosphere in order to calculate the desired tracer distribution and transport values. In this particular case, the authors determine the tracer injection into the moist tropospheric layer (surface to 500 mb) from above.
- Published
- 1971
44. Discussion of our earlier paper ‘Hydromagnetic interpretation of sudden commencements of magnetic storms’
- Author
-
Masahisa Sugiura and Charles R. Wilson
- Subjects
Physics ,Geomagnetic storm ,Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Storm ,Geophysics ,Aquatic Science ,Elliptical polarization ,Oceanography ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
On page 3771 of his recent paper in this Journal Matsushita [1962] discussed the disagreement of his analysis with ours [Wilson and Sugiura, 1961] regarding the polarization rules of the elliptically polarized hydromagnetic waves in the magnetic storm sudden commencements. The purpose of this communication is to correct the misunderstanding that may have resulted from Matsushita's criticism, which appears to be based on an analysis much less extensive and complete than ours. The discussions given below are based on the results of analysis of about six hundred and fifty vector diagrams of the SC horizontal perturbation ΔH. The material for this analysis was drawn from virtually all the rapid-run magnetograms available at the IGY World Data Center A; the analysis concerns 93 SC's that occurred during the period beginning with the IGY and ending September 1961. Though for a few of these SC's data from only a few magnetic observatories were available, records from seven stations, on the average, were scaled for each SC. In addition, data were collected from 18 to 30 magnetic observatories (out of the 38 observatories listed in Table 2) for ten selected SC's that are evenly distributed over the Greenwich day.
- Published
- 1963
45. Discussion of paper by S. J. Peale, ‘Dust belt of the Earth’
- Author
-
R. R. Allan and G. E. Cook
- Subjects
Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,Solar System ,Ecliptic coordinate system ,Zodiacal light ,Ecology ,Ecliptic ,Position of the Sun ,Paleontology ,Soil Science ,Astronomy ,Forestry ,Ecliptic pole ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Orbit of the Moon ,Geophysics ,Invariable plane ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Physics::Space Physics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In a recent paper, Peale [1966] has suggested that part, or indeed all, of the zodiacal light could be due to dust particles in geocentric orbits rather than in heliocentric orbits as is generally believed. Such particles are subject to gravitational perturbations due to the earth's oblateness and the presence of the sun and moon, as well as to the effects of radiation pressure. Peale [1966] argues that radiation pressure will produce a diffuse concentration of dust particles near the ecliptic plane and that the asymmetry with respect to the ecliptic will be almost completely undisturbed by the gravitational perturbations beyond a geocentric distance of 7.7 earth radii, where the effects of oblateness and lunisolar forces are equal. On the other hand, the zodiacal light is known to be nearly symmetrical about the ecliptic; thus Blackwell and Ingham [1961] find that the plane of symmetry is inclined at 1°.5 to the ecliptic with its node at about 120° longitude, which very nearly coincides with the invariable plane of the solar system.
- Published
- 1967
46. Continuation of Mr Macdonald's Paper on Burghead, from Part I. Vol. IV of the Proceedings
- Author
-
James MacDonald
- Subjects
Ecology ,Insect Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Using Roy’s map of the area and accounts written since the map was produced, James MacDonald continues his analysis of the historical significance of the structures at Burghead. He recounts the findings of the excavations that took place at Burghead in the nineteenth century and provides the dimensions of each part of the site he discusses. Included in the paper are comments on some of the artefacts found at Burghead, such as carved stones, a medieval metal jug and accounts of human remains unearthed in 1809. After examining the evidence, the author concludes that it is unlikely that the fort was constructed by the Romans, but instead suggests that it was built at a later date in the early medieval period, possibly by the Picts.
- Published
- 1862
47. Studies of Endosulfan in Bean Plants by Paper and Gas Chromatography12
- Author
-
Andrew C. Terranova and George W. Ware
- Subjects
Ecology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Greenhouse ,General Medicine ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,Endosulfan ether ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Soil water ,Gas chromatography ,Endosulfan - Abstract
Under greenhouse conditions endosulfan, endosulfan alcohol, and endosulfan ether have been shown to be translocated to the aerial portions of bean plants when grown in treated soils. It has also been shown that purified endosulfan, when applied to the foliage of bean plants, is, in part, converted to endosulfan ether, but not to the alcohol as suspected. Paper and gas chromatography were used to analyze the plant extracts.
- Published
- 1963
48. Distribution, Behavioral Ecology and Present Status of Varanus flavescens (a literature review paper) in Nepal
- Author
-
Ajay Karki, Santosh Humagain, and Rabindra Bista
- Subjects
Habitat destruction ,Varanus flavescens ,CITES ,biology ,National park ,Ecology ,Threatened species ,Habitat conservation ,IUCN Red List ,biology.organism_classification ,Wildlife conservation - Abstract
Golden monitor lizard is a reptilian with long slender body, long neck, flexible head movable in all directions, feature that is not possessed by any other reptile. It is protected on international scale; listed in CITES appendix 1, the IUCN red data list, and categorized as protected reptile under national park and wildlife conservation act of Nepal. Even if distribution is wide it is threatened to extinction in much of its inhabitant range because of habitat destruction along with hunting for its hides, exploited for food and skin values. Exported illegally through northern Nepal to china as its skin is used in traditional Chinese medicine. To maintain their number as of this circumstances; habitat conservation and civic consciousness from stakeholders in integrated mode to minimize hunting, possibly will be the plausible way. This carnivore reptile is oviparous can grow up to 90 cm in length and tail measures about 49 cm. Becomes sometimes dangerous, if threatened, rises high on its legs , hisses loudly, sways its body and lashes its razor like sharp tail and ready to cut offender and defend itself. So this paper reveals with distribution, ecological behavior and present status on Golden Monitor Lizard in Nepal. Key Words: Protected, Threatened, Oviparous, Carnivorous, Medicine, Juveniles DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2523 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp49-54
- Published
- 1970
49. Evaluating Second Order Consequences: Technology Assessment and Education.
- Author
-
Locatis, Craig N. and Gooler, Dennis D.
- Abstract
Education's investment in technology is massive. There is growing interest in something called technology assessment, or the evaluation of the environmental consequences (usually second order consequences) of human activities and actions. The investigators conducted a study of the literature of technology assessment to determine the applicability of the theory and methodology of technology assessment to education. Five topics are included in the report of the study. First, a description of the multiple definitions of technology assessment is given. Second, a discussion of the stated and implicit purposes of technology assessments is offered. Third, the assumptions upon which technology assessments are based are explicated. Fourth, the methodology being proposed is examined. Finally, the possible consequences that might occur from educator use of technology assessment are described. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
50. Religious Reconstruction for the Environmental Future, Proceedings Report (The University of Connecticut, November 30-December 2, 1972).
- Author
-
Faith-Man-Nature Group, South Coventry, CT., Joranson, Philip N., and Anderson, C. Alan
- Abstract
This is the proceedings from a workshop that focused on the capacity of religious systems around the world to deal with environmental problems. Included in this publication are an introduction, the workshop schedule, a participant roster, and five papers presented at the workshop. Topics covered in the papers include: Religious Reconstruction for the Environmental Future; Native Wholeness; History and Nature in the Judeo-Christian Tradition: How Will the Future Be Different?; Where Are We Now in Relation to Political Participation in the Public Interest, in Our Technological Society?; and Reconstructions of Scientific and Religious Consciousness for a Better Environmental Future. A Reporting Session: Task Groups for Reconstructive Follow-Through concludes this publication. (BT)
- Published
- 1973
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