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The article offers information on the rescuing newspaper business industry. It further discusses revenue from digital advertising has failed to offset the profit draining out of print; platforms such as Google and Facebook have become the new moguls of the media landscape; and the underlying economics of the global newspaper industry; and real failure is that papers have lost control of distribution to Google and Facebook, making it harder to monetise the traffic.

Comments on the P.T. Riau Andalan pulp mill being built near Pekanbaru on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. How the $1.3 billion dollar project will become one of the largest pulp mills in the world; Economic impact on Sumatra; Foreign investment attractions of the island; Barriers to Sumatra becoming the next economic power in the region; Land rights, legal issues, labor unrest, and educational deficiencies; Environmental concerns.

The article examines the administration of justice in the U.S. Abuses by lawyers of the pre-trial process of discovery of evidence in civil actions are discussed in terms of their effect on the cost of litigation. The increased length and complexity of discovery is also examined as a factor in lengthy delays in the conduct of trials.

The article assesses the global bond market and investor concerns which may impact hedge funds and related parts of the economy. Covenant lite loans, buy outs, payment in kind notes, debt financing offerings from banks and bridge equity finance are covered. The article expresses concern over risky financial arrangements and states investors are looking for safe investments in increasing numbers.

Discusses how President-elect Bill Clinton's upcoming economic summit in Little Rock, Arkansas on December 14th and 15th may not do much to address the current ailments that plague the American economy. Why Clinton may have to rethink his plans to kick the economy into life with a $20 billion public-works program and an investment-tax credit; Signs of economic recovery; Debate about fiscal stimulus should fade; Debate about federal budget; More.

The article reports on the publishing industry in Brazil as an economic downturn and a declining interest in print magazines causes large publishing houses to downsize. Topics include how growing Internet use in Brazil has caused increased interest in online magazines, a profile of publishing house Editoria Abril, which has downsized after declining revenues in 2013, and concerns that online journalism has impacted the quality of Brazilian news.

The article focuses on a paper part-written by former Bank of England committee member Charles Goodhart examining the economic impacts that an aging world population will cause. It states the paper suggested three long-term trends will reverse: widening inequality, a squeeze on real wages, and a decline in real interest rates. Goodhart suggests that savings will decline more than investments in a slow-growing economy, causing an increase in real rates, while the labor supply will shrink.

The article focuses on research whether democracies or autocracies are better governments for economic growth. It comments on a paper by Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini in 1994 that argued political gridlock and politicians buying votes through social services would hurt growth more than autocracies. It mentions a 2008 paper by Daron Acemoglu suggesting oligarchies used political power to prevent competition. It considers his recent paper examining economic benefits of long-term democracy.

Discusses the paper "The Problem of Social Cost" by Ronald Coase, published in the October 1960 issue of the periodical "Journal of Law and Economics 2." Paper's aim of demolishing traditional thinking on 'public goods' and 'externalities'; Pareto optimum pattern of resource allocation; Assumption that private costs and benefits are the same as social costs and benefits; Question on the commonality of externalities and public goods; Examples of externality.

Argues that Europe is living beyond its means. Why former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher will never find a place in a pantheon of the European Union's (EU) champions; Social benefits in European nations paid for by taxation and corporate earnings; Borrowing--the escape route; Unemployment; How governments have to live with the mistakes of their predecessors; Problems in Italy; The Delors white paper.

The article discusses an economic theory about the market for lemons which shows how trade can dry up in markets where sellers know more than buyers, according to a paper by Richard Blundell of University College London and four co-authors.

The article discusses an issue of the economics periodical “American Economic Review” which presents 20 articles from the journal’s history that economists believe to be the best. Among the articles are a 1955 paper by economist Simon Kuznets examining the correlation between inequality and economic development and a 1961 paper by economist Robert Mundell wherein a workable currency union is described.

People who take their religious faith to violent extremes have achieved new notoriety. As it happens, many of the terrorist atrocities in the Middle East, the United States and Asia have been sponsored by Islamic radicals. The Taliban, for example, took control of Afghanistan in the 1990s, imposed a strict, religious system of government and created a haven for al-Qaeda terrorists. Social scientists have sophisticated explanations drawn from politics, sociology or anthropology. A paper by Eli Berman of the University of California at San Diego, puts economic motives at the center of extremist activity. By studying U.S. Christian groups such as the Amish, who forgo modern technology, and the Mormons, who give years of their life as missionaries, he calculated that the costs of religious membership are, despite the sacrifices, lower than the benefits received. Berman's paper applies this lesson to the Taliban and Hamas, arguing that a similar economic logic might be at work. He also argues that extremist groups are likely to be especially efficient at running a militia.

The article discusses the paper "The Market for Lemons," by George Akerlof, an idea that was very new to mainstream economists and paved the way for economists to solve asymmetry problems. Topics discussed include the concept behind signalling including its importance in explaining when firms stopped obtaining applicants' scores and the concept of "principal-agent" problem where employees receive some part of the firm's property.

The article focuses on the probable economic and financial impact that refugees and migrants will have on Germany and the European Union. It states that a recent paper found wages for menial jobs was depressed by just two percent (%) by a 10% rise in the share of migrants working those jobs. It examined the fiscal impact of refugees getting benefits compared to the taxes paid and suggested refugees would increase Germany's gross domestic product to public expenditure of 0.35% in 2016.

The article discusses one of the most important step of economy which is data-gathering. It focuses on the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper submitted by five economists in 2017. It states that the authors have offered new basic economic facts that will help in answering economic questions, reshaping the understanding of how economics work.

The article discusses a paper by Vincent Bignon of the Bank of France and Cecilia García-Peñalosa of the Aix-Marseille School of Economics on the impact on the demography of France of the late-19th-century Méline protectionist tariff on grain with a focus on the alleged reduction in human capital and education caused thereby.

The article discusses the effect of the U.S. recession, the budget proposal of U.S. President Barack Obama, and employee diversification on philanthropy. Details are provided about a paper released by philanthropic group Philanthropy Roundtable objecting to employee diversification policies. The limitations that could placed on tax deductions related to donations are examined and the decline on charitable giving related to the recession is explored.

The article focuses on the trade policy of the United States. United States president George W. Bush has agreed on a free-trade deal with South Korea, submitted just before Bush lost the right to send the U.S. Congress new trade deals under the fast-track rules that limit Congress' ability to amend them. Details related to the symbolic importance of tariffs applied to imports of Chinese glossy paper are also discussed.

Reports on how economic conditions divide society in Great Britain. View that poverty stimulates racial tensions; Topics of intermarriage, unemployment, and the inactivity rate; Reference to a prosperity gap among immigrants, according to a paper by Esra Erdem and Andrew Glyn in 'The State of Working Britain'; Factors that interfere with market operation, including the issue of social housing.

The article focuses on research into the best depth where trawling should be forbidden to reduce its ecological damage. It states that a paper in "Current Biology" by researchers Jo Clarke and Francis Neat suggests the best cut-off would be 600 meters as most of the fish caught are of little commercial value. It speculates on the difficulty of passing fishery regulations due to commercial constraints.

The article focuses on two papers examining the impact that stock market crashes have on the economy. It states that research from the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the level of debt tied to a stock market crash impacts the level of recessions after stock market crashes. It mentions research from the Centre for Economic Policy Research examined 400 years of asset-price bubbles and found how assets are financed influences the consequences of a burst economic bubble.

The article focuses on a paper by researchers Mortiz Schularick, Alan Taylor, and Oscar Jorda on how mortgage lending impacts corporate lending by banks. Topics include the growth of the mortgage lending industry, international regulation on bank capital, and the stagnation of corporate loans. Information is provided on the performance of bond markets.

The article focuses on a paper published in the periodical "Journal of Portfolio Management" on the momentum effect, which describes the increase in the market value of a stock due to its popularity. Topics include the dangers of investing in momentum stocks, the annualized return on popular stocks, and trends in securities investment.

Reports that the price of timber has almost doubled in America over the past six months. Since most new American houses are still built largely of wood, America's housebuilders are squealing with rage--especially as many of them are buying wood to build houses on pre-priced contracts. Calling for remedies from the federal government; American Forest & Paper Association (AFPA) lobbying with them.

The article examines how development aid helps countries increase economic growth. Topics include the United Nations (UN) Conference on Trade and Development, the increase in developing countries' productive capacity through investment, and if development aid creates dependency. Information is provided on a paper by researchers Sebastian Galiani, Ben Zou, Stephen Knack, and Colin Xu on how development aid should be structured by the World Bank.

The article looks at challenges to assumptions about human behavior underlying economic theory, as of 2013. It outlines the arguments discussed in a 2013 National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper by economist Daniel McFadden. Topics include irrational sources of behavior, the disadvantages of having more choices, and revealed preference, or the idea that people's actions match and thereby reveal their values.

Information about several papers on the themes of deterrence and incentives on the economics of crime at the annual conference of the Royal Economic Society at the University of Surrey, England is presented. Topics discussed include private contributions to public order, the difficulty of burgling newly built homes, and a causal link between low education and crime. Guest speakers featured were Phillip Cook, John MacDonald, and Ben Vollaard.

The article explores how limited the circumstances are in which the "irrelevance theory" of economics can be used. In two papers, published in 1958 and 1963, Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller argued that a firm's financial structure made no difference to its total value. Jean Tirole, in his book "The Theory of Corporate Finance" shows how resource distribution is tied directly to value.

The article discusses trends in the value of the dollar and compared with the value of gold in international markets. Most economists hate gold. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn't any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity. So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.

The article comments on the annual symposium of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, held in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and attended by central bankers and economists from around the world. The topic of this year's symposium was the future economic impact of ageing populations. One of the most interesting papers was by James Poterba, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who explored how demographic change might affect financial markets. As a result of declining birth rates and longer life expectancy, rich countries will have more old people and fewer young. In addition, as the baby-boomers retire, the ranks of the middle-aged will also dwindle. Between 2000 and 2050 the share of America's population over the age of 65 will grow from 12% to 21%, while the share of the population aged 40-64 will fall from a peak of 33% in 2010 to 28% by 2040. The significance of this change is that people tend to save most, and to accumulate financial assets, during middle age. This suggests that changes in the age structure of the population will affect total saving in the economy and thus asset prices. One flaw in this theory, Mr Poterba points out, is that detailed savings data suggest that, while older people stop accumulating further net wealth, they do not run down their assets as fast as the life-cycle theory implies. Because they do not know when they will die, or because they want to leave something for their children, retired people reduce their assets only gradually, in order to ensure they have sufficient capital to live on or to pass on to their heirs. As a result, there may be no sudden rush to sell assets when baby-boomers retire.

The article discusses whether communicative central banks make financial markets lazy. The United States Federal Reserve stands far beyond legislators' political reaches. But these days, the chairman needs little persuasion to talk. Alan Greenspan's Humphrey-Hawkins testimony, as it is still called, delivered on July 20th and 21st of 2004, was his 24th speech of the year. In an interview with the Wall Street Journal published on July 15, 2004, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, one of six members of the executive board of the European Central Bank, argued that central banks now talk too much. Padoa-Schioppa, however, thinks central banks are guilty of oversteering the markets. The same argument is set forth, in equations, by Jeffrey Amato, of the Bank of International Settlements, Stephen Morris, of Yale University, and Hyun Song Shin, of the London School of Economics, in a number of recent papers. Amato, Morris and Shin worry that today's loquacious central banks play this role in the financial markets.

The author discusses a new study on how to alleviate world hunger. Televised images of starving children with distended bellies have brought the problem of global hunger home to people in rich countries. Sadly, however, the problem is far deeper than an immediate lack of food, as a new paper for the Copenhagen Consensus project points out. Jere Behrman of the University of Pennsylvania, Harold Alderman of the World Bank and John Hoddinott of the International Food Policy Research Institute have examined the extent of hunger and malnutrition and four concrete proposals to ameliorate it. Around a billion people, say the authors, are malnourished, and around a sixth of these are children. That is not only a deplorable human tragedy in its own right. It also leads to measurable economic losses--ie, further poverty. But what can be done to address hunger directly? The first course they examine is halting the ill effects of hunger at the earliest possible stage: in utero. Next, the authors investigate improving nutrition in young children. Third is a reduction of deficiencies in key "micronutrients", such as iodine, zinc, vitamin A and iron. The fourth course is to improve agricultural technology--for example, by using higher-yielding crops (which are often genetically modified) and controlling pests better. The authors see investments in technology as the most effective means of increasing the incomes of hungry people.

This article examines the link between economics and religion. If you want to avoid an argument over religion at your next dinner party, you might suppose it safe to invite an economist or two. They, of all people, could be expected to stick to Mammon. Or maybe not, if a new paper by Robert Barro, one of America's best-known economists, and Rachel McCleary, a colleague at Harvard University, is any guide. Recently, Niall Ferguson, a British historian at New York University, argued that today's economic stagnation in Germany and other European countries owes much to the decline of religious belief and church attendance during the past four decades. More prosperous countries seem to have lower rates of church attendance, although America--the best instance of a country of competing sects rather than a state religion--is a conspicuous exception. If there is a link between religion and economic performance, then economists ought to have something to say about it.

Presents a paper that could revolutionize the macroeconomic theory. Explanation of some of the issues that have been long baffled with the economic theory; Correlation between consumption and income; Factors responsible for the difference of spending on "imports" of goods from other home regions to imports from abroad.

Comments on the economic benefits of medical research. Efforts to calculate the value of life; Topics of longevity and life-expectancy; Details of papers by economists that promote medical research; Skepticism that higher health-care spending results in better health; Economic impact of the health effect and longer lives.

Compares government spending in countries with central government and parliamentary systems. Authors of a discussion paper for the Center for Economic Policy Research; Details of findings; Reasons for lower spending in governments run by presidents; Limitations of their research; Implications for Great Britain.

Presents information on the often used QWERTY argument among economists wishing to illustrate a market failure. QWERTY layout of standard typewriters described as inefficient; How a standard endures; Paper by Stan Liebowitz and Stephen Margolis `The Fable of the Keys,' proving that the QWERTY story is wrong; History of the QWERTY argument and the supposed superiority of the August Dvorak type layout.

Presents information on how geographers are responding to the rush among economists to the theories of `new economic geography,' as of March 1999. Paper by Ron Martin of the University of Cambridge examining the new economic geography with the experience of an actual geographer; How the theory centers on clusters of activity and region growth disparities; The problem of its obsession with mathematical modelling.

Reports that on Wall Street, the famous capital-asset pricing model (CAPM), widely used to assess risk and return, is under attack by some of the top names in financial economics. A new paper by two Chicago economists, Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, explodes the model by showing that its key analytical tool does not explain why returns on shares differ. Details.

Examines a paper by Dora Costa, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which investigates the recreational habits of people in the United States since 1881, to address the concern of unequal distribution of income among US citizens. The conclusion that people of all income levels have steadily increased the amount of time and money devoted to having fun; What Costa bases her research on; The implications of her results.

Questions whether instances of mass conformity stem from rational economic decision-making. `Pay-off interactions'; `Informational cascades'; `The Blind Leading the Blind: Social Influence, Fads and Informational Cascades,' UCLA working paper by Sushil Bikhchandani, David Hirshleifer and Ivo Welch, three economists from the University of California at Los Angeles.

The article focuses on the U.S. Internet industry company Shutterstock. The company's operation as an online photographic agency for the buying and selling of photographs is examined, particularly how subscribers pay for the rights for photographs before payment is given for their use to photographers by the company. Shutterstock's expansion into distribution of Internet videos is considered.

Discusses the economic conditions of the photographic industry as of October 2000. The fall in the stock price of Eastman Kodak on September 26, due to the drop in film, camera, and digital-equipment sales across Europe and the United States; How companies such as Kodak and Fuji Photo Film are making the transition to the digital world of photography; Management decisions made by Kodak; Outlook.