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Copyright of Studia Historiae Scientiarum is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Samuil Kaplan (1921-1978) was a productive and famous astrophysicist. He was affiliated with a number of scientific centers in different cities of the former Soviet Union. During the earliest 13 years of his career, namely in 1948-1961, he worked at the Lviv University in Ukraine. In the present paper, the Lviv period of his life and scientific activity is described on the basis of archival materials and his published studies. Kaplan arrived in Lviv in June 1948, the same month when he obtained the degree of the Candidate of Science. He was a head of the astrophysics sector at the Astronomical Observatory of the University, a professor of the department for theoretical physics, as well as the founder and head of a station for optical observations of artificial satellites of the Earth. He was active in the organization of an astronomical observatory outside the city. During the years in Lviv, Kaplan wrote more than 80 articles and 3 monographs in 9 areas. At that time, his focus was on the stability of circular orbits in the Schwarzschild field, on the white dwarf theory, on space gas dynamics, on cosmic plasma physics and turbulence, on the acceleration of cosmic rays, on the physics of interstellar medium, on the physics and evolution of stars, on cosmology and gravitation, and on the optical observations of the Earth's artificial satellites. Some of his findings are fundamental to the development of theory in those fields as well as of observational techniques. The paper presents a complete bibliography of Kaplan's works published during the Lviv period and reviews his respective scientific achievements in the light of the current state of research in those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the situation of trilingualism of students at Lviv schools with Polish as the language of instruction. Earlier linguistic studies paid no attention to the individuals of non-Polish descent who attended such schools. Part one of this paper presents the profile of the examined group, which comprised, apart from persons of Polish descent, individuals of non-Polish descent, for whom Polish is a foreign language. The next part discusses the results of sociolinguistic surveys concerning the motivation for learning Polish and the level of command of the languages used by the respondents. It also presents preferences as regards the use of media and non-verbal communication. The final part describes the interviewees' attitude to the languages as well as to Poland and Ukraine. The studies were conducted using earlier research concepts regarding Polish-foreign language bilingualism by Ewa Lipińska, Władysław Miodunka, Marzena Błasiak, and Pavel Levchuk. In the description of the private-sphere language choice, William Mackey's method was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the initialization of the city is considered, which consists of several steps, including the creation of city objects with their locations, creation of residents with their attributes and own daily schedules, etc. A description of the model is provided as a tuple of attributes. The adequacy of the simulation model is checked based on the statistical data from the city of Lviv, Ukraine. Generated locations of city ecosystem objects are presented. The daily schedule of residents is simulated. A possible work schedule for each specialty is given, and separate schedules are created for working days and holidays. A unique schedule is predicted for the resident, which depends on their age and work specialty. The dynamics of visits to facilities by residents on weekdays and at weekends are analyzed. Based on the conducted experiments, the adequacy of the model and its realistic reflection of the functioning of the city's ecosystem during the day are proven. It means that by using this model, researchers can assess the impact of different behavioral scenarios on the residents within the city ecosystem more reliably. This enables a better understanding of how certain actions or changes in behavior can affect the spread and control of diseases in a specific geographic area. This model has the potential to serve as a foundation for future modeling of systems at the medium and macro scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historiae Scientiarum is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text describes a scientific event held in Lviv, Ukraine, dedicated to World Quantum Day. The event aimed to popularize quantum theory and its practical applications, with over 200 participants from various countries attending. The program included presentations, lectures, and panel discussions on quantum computing and programming. The event received positive feedback from students, scientists, and IT representatives. The text also includes two research papers discussing topics related to quantum metrology and photodetection techniques. It discusses the need for quantum computing in condensed matter physics and proposes alternative methods for describing strongly correlated quantum systems. The text also presents an analytical solution for maximally entangled states of four quantum dice, demonstrating the quantum advantage. It provides an introduction to quantum information theory, discussing quantum superposition, entanglement, and the potential of quantum computers. The text also discusses the existence of discrete spectrum points and bound states in weakly deformed waveguides, as well as the concept of quantum correlations and their importance in understanding quantum mechanics. It presents research on the transfer of entanglement and steering properties in linear chain systems and proposes a method for calculating the partition function of spin systems on quantum computers. The results of the quantum calculation are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. [Extracted from the article]

The paper discusses the beginnings of Polish and Slavic linguistics at the Univertsity of Wroclaw directly after World War II. It was created by young scholars, linguists, Slavicists and Polonists, who gained their education and academic degrees at the Jagiellonian University and the John Casimir University in Lviv. This group included primarily S. Rospond, L. Ossowski, W. Kuraszkiewicz, S. Bąk, all educated before the war, as well as A. Furdal, much younger than the others and educated already after the war. These scholars received their education under the guidance of the best Polish linguists, Slavicists, Polonists, and Indo-Europeanists. In addition, the paper presents basic information about preparations made in Cracow during the war, to create Polish and Slavic studies at the University of Wroclaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the development of a capacity-building programme to support a mental health service modernisation pilot project based in the Lviv region of Western Ukraine. National programmes that aim to modernise mental health services now have the experience of other countries on which to draw. The challenges faced by such modernisers have much in common. Nevertheless, although there are lessons to be learned from what has worked well elsewhere, we caution that the local context can have a profound effect on the successful implementation of plans based on best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficult economic situation in Ukraine today is the main motivating factor for studying problems and developing possible solutions. Since Ukraine is an agrarian country, in our research we justified the need to take into account risk factors in the agricultural sector by diagnosing the financial situation using models to assess the likely crisis and bankruptcy. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using discriminant models developed by both foreign and domestic scientists. The main drawback is the maladaptation to the industry factor. The shortcomings of the diagnosis of financial state for agricultural enterprises are also identified. In order to develop measures to prevent bankruptcy, recommendations for improving the financial state of agricultural enterprises on the example of Lviv region cluster analysis was used. The article states that the need to diagnose the financial condition of the enterprise is systematic and requires a comprehensive assessment using various methods, techniques and methods of analysis, as it is one of the most important characteristics of the results of agricultural enterprises, which is determined by the interaction of all components of the financial relations of the enterprise, the totality of all production and economic factors. The combination of financial indicators and risk assessment, which have the greatest impact on the life of agricultural enterprises, thanks to a comprehensive approach will increase the accuracy of assessing the prospects of the financial state of agricultural enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Philosophiae Christianae is the property of Studia Philosophiae Christianae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ukrainian women received military experience during the First and Second World Wars and in the contemporary Russian-Ukrainian War in services such as the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (USS), the Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA), the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), the Soviet Army, and the Armed Forces of Ukraine (UAF). This paper analyzes the representations of Ukrainian women’s military experiences during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in museum exhibitions in Lviv (a city in Western Ukraine). The authors conclude that the experiences of women veterans of the First and Second World Wars frequently remain neglected, creating an incomplete picture of the past and continuing to shape representations of women’s roles in the current Russian-Ukrainian War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reveals the method of work in the geoinformation system Crop Monitoring on the basis of satellite monitoring data on the example of comparison of two neighboring land uses outside Bortkiv village council of Zolochiv district of Lviv region. One has determined the size of the areas of crops of winter cereals and deduced the dependence between the index of the vegetative index NDVI and their yield capacity on the basis of the estimation of the state of land use by the processing of space information. One has suggested to take into account the value of NDVI when calculating the yield of winter cereals using mathematical modeling. The results obtained from the satellite monitoring data are proposed to be used for the planning of winter cerels yields, determining the area of their sowing and optimizing the harvesting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is an attempt to respond to selected problems of the spatial planning system in Lviv, as defined by analyses of strategic documents. Based on the analysis, the authors proposed a spatial planning model considering non-material and hard-to-measure factors which have shaped the city. Lviv was selected for analysis because of its size, its long and multicultural history, and its considerable accumulation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage elements from various eras. Today, the city faces numerous challenges in terms of heritage protection, its functional and spatial development, and the choice of an effective form of planning and management. Hence the need to offer an in-depth reflection on the importance and to consider the rich cultural heritage and non-material factors shaping urban space, in the spatial planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One has applied the method of remote sensing of the Earth to calculate the introduction of the optimal rate of basic elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in assessing the state of crops in the geoinformation platform OneSoil using the selection of productive areas of land use with dense, medium and sparse vegetation based on space image data. Rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application for land use, with an area of 44.4 ha, located outside the settlement of Tyniv, Drohobych district, Lviv region on sod-gley sandy soils according to the planned yielding capacity and optimal terms of growing crops in crop rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper puts forward some hypotheses on the sources of a 'verbal picture', or allegory of love, in a prosta mova marriage sample sermon addressed to laity and found in two Orthodox Ritual (Trebnik) editions: the first is by the publisher Michail Slezka (L'viv 1644) and the second by the bishop Arsenij Želiborskij (L'viv 1645). I shall argue that the very combination of vernacular homiletic material and traditional ecclesiastical rites therein found goes back to sixteenth-century Polish Catholic Rituals; in the Orthodox Church of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, this model was introduced for the first time in the Ritual of the Orthodox Brotherhood of Vilnius (1621). The verbal picture analysed in this paper draws on Pictura amoris sive amicitiae, a short moralistic text written by the English Dominican Robert Holcot (ca. 1290-1349) which appears in his exegetical voluminous work In Librum Sapientiae Regis Salomonis Praelectiones ccxiii (ca. 1333-1342). Popular among late thirteenth-early fourteenth century English Dominicans, verbal pictures did not rely on earlier samples and were a literary product, a sort of exemplum or mnemonic tool for preachers to memorize abstract concepts. Since the sixteenth century, works of different genre reproduced Holcot's verbal picture, without any attribution to its author, as emblem to create the so-called emblemata nuda ('naked emblems'), which describe images but lack illustrations. The article suggests that the author(-s) of the Orthodox marriage sample sermon used a textbook on rhetoric Orator extemporaneus, seu artis oratoriae breviarium bipartitum by Michael Radau (1617-1687) as his main source, of which several manuscripts had started circulating by 1644. The article also presents some concluding remarks about the authorship of the marriage sample sermon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact of academic research onto the non-academic world is of increasing importance as authorities seek return on public investment. Impact opens new opportunities for what are known as "professional services": as scientometrical tools bestow some with con1dence they can quantify quality, the impact agenda brings lay measurements to evaluation of research. This paper is partly inspired by the famous "two cultures" discussion instigated by C.P. Snow over 60 years ago. He saw a chasm between different academic disciplines and I see a chasm between academics and professional services, bound into contact through competing targets. This paper draws on my personal experience and experiences recounted to me by colleagues in different universities in the UK. It is aimed at igniting discussions amongst people interested in improving the academic world and it is intended in a spirit of collaboration and constructiveness. As a professional services colleague said, what I have to say "needs to be said". It is my pleasure to submit this paper to the Festschrift devoted to the 60th birthday of a renowned physicist, my good friend and colleague Ihor Mryglod. Ihor's role as leader of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics in Lviv has been essential to generating some of the impact described in this paper and forms a key element of the story I wish to tell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principle of historicism, system analysis, structural functionalism, dialectics and synergetics, the paper analyzes the charter and activity the of the Lviv Society of Halician Physicians, the first trade union organization in the medical sphere. Contemporary codition as well as development of historiography of the issue including the history of the medical and trade union movement, the names of the Society founders is shown. The crucial problem among physicians of the second half of the nineteenth century which was in line with the problems of all population segments is proved. This organization played a prominent role in the development of medicine in Halychyna. The activity of the Society was regulated by the charter. Each member, when joining the Society, assumed the obligation to comply with all the provisions of the charter and had to care for its growth and the glory of the organization. Acting members had to be present at scientific meetings and provide observations on the status of the medical case. That is, to provide statistics on the diseases and patients they have been treated, as well as to share the experience gained in practice. The purpose of the organization and its activities were primarily socio-economic and cultural-educational ones. Under its control, the Society kept a record of the movement of patients in Lviv hospitals (kept statistics of all cured patients), analyzed new methods in the treatment of fever, various pathologies and other issues. The members of the Society promised to meet every first Saturday of the month to participate in scientific meetings. They discussed major events in the life of the organization, read correspondence and planned work for the next month. Once a year, in December, the Society of Galician physicions held an annual meeting, which provided a full annual financial report, discussed the issues of new members and those who left the organization, announced the names of new honorary and advisory members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the arguments within the scientific challenge in choosing the innovation and investment strategy of machine-building enterprises. The main objective of the research is to develop a model for choosing the optimal strategy for innovation and investment development of machine-building enterprises, taking into account their level of investment attractiveness in the market and the level of innovative capacity as well. Systematization of theoretical and methodological material on the model of choosing the innovation and investment strategy of machine-building enterprises has given grounds to conclude that further research is required regarding the modelling issues based on the indicators of a sophisticated analysis of the investment attractiveness of the enterprise and determining its level of innovation potential in order to increase the efficiency of the domestic machine-building enterprises. The relevance of solving this problem is that it is the right choice of a particular type of innovation and investment strategy will help machine-building enterprises to improve the efficiency of their operation and to establish competitive positions in the market. The methodical tools of the research on the model of choosing the innovation and investment strategy are the matrix and convolution methods based on the fuzzy-set theory. The objects of the research JV «Spheros-Elektron» LLC, LEONI Wiring Systems UA GmbH and PJSC «Drohobych Truck Crane Plant» were chosen, because they reveal peculiarities of the machine-building enterprises' operation in L'viv region. The paper presented the findings of the choice of appropriate innovation and investment strategies, which showed that PJSC «Drohobych Truck Crane Plant» has entered the zone of application of the strategy of innovation changes and is characterized by both low level of investment attractiveness and low level of the innovative potential. JV «Spheros-Elektron» LLC and LEONI Wiring Systems UA GmbH - both have entered the zone of application of the strategy of differentiation, characterized by an average level of investment attractiveness and a satisfactory level of innovation potential. However, according to the first parameter - the level of investment attractiveness of the company on the market, LEONI Wiring Systems UA GmbH has also approached and is close enough to the application of the opportunistic strategy. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that in order to remain on the market of PJSC «Drohobych Truck Crane Plant», it is necessary to modernize the products radically. Furthermore, the main tasks of implementing the differentiation strategy for «Spheros-Elektron» and «LEONI» should be: to invest in the activities of research institutions; to conduct consumer preferences analysis; the analysis of its production capacities; installation of new production lines according to the achievements of the technical progress; production output, which is in demand by the population; holding a capable advertising company. The results of the research can be useful for industrial enterprises in general and machine-building enterprises, in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales UMCS, Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the investigation of peculiarities of landscape fires occurrence, namely: forest fires, peat fires, steppe fires and landfill fires. Publications related to the dynamics of these fires development, the conditions of their occurrence and the impact of these fires on the environment are analyzed in this paper. The analysis of fires, based on the example of Lviv region (Ukraine), revealed the following: the largest number of fires occurs at the beginning of the firedangerous period that coincides with the ascent of snow cover, as well as during harvesting. The frequency of fires in landfills closely depends on weather parameters (temperature and relative humidity); the frequency of steppe and forest fires occurrence is less dependent on these indicators. Constructing of a Voronoi Diagram for coordination of fires occurrence allows us to study the largest accumulation of fires and their impact on the environment during specific period, as well as to determine the locations of firefighting equipment for quick response to these fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An issue about the Polish underground activity under the circumstances of the occupation regimes in Western Ukraine is considered in the paper. Particularly, the archive criminal case № P-30031 from the fund of the Security Service of Ukraine in Lviv region about the conviction by the Russian authorities of 14 members from the headquarters of the Polish underground "A Union of Armed Struggle" has been published and analyzed for the first time. Prior to this, the course of the war between Poland and Germany on September 1st-28th 1939 is briefly characterized; an arrival of the Soviet army and army of the repressive forces is depicted. The autonomous endeavors of the Polish patriots to organize the underground military organizations for the struggle with the occupants in Lviv at the end of 1939 - at the beginning of the 1941 are described. The efforts of the Polish emigration government to organize the underground struggle against the occupants throughout the territory of former Rzeczpospolita II are confirmed. A detailed characteristic of "A Union of Armed Struggle" is given where the command staff, its quantity, a level of armament and the general readiness for the armed rebellion are presented. "The case of fourteen" members of the Union is highlighted, the behavior of police officials, detectives, judges, the officials from the cassation authorities and the Supreme Legislative Bodies of Soviet Ukraine and the USSR regarding to the defendants is considered. The authors have come to a following conclusion: despite the scale and detailed plans of the emigration government and the Polish underground organizations directed to the renewal of Poland according to the borders of 1939, the lack of state, insufficient quantity of weapons, material and financial resources for the struggle had led to the quick revelation and subsequent arrest of UAS leaders, that was one of the biggest underground organization. The analysis of the criminal, control and personal cases of UAS members has depicted the tragic fate of the Polish military underground in Lviv in 1939-1941-s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural tourism is a promising type of tourism in rural areas that increases the socio-economic level and wellbeing of the population. The entrepreneurial activity in villages provides an opportunity to expand employment, increase investment attractiveness and contribute to the improvement of rural infrastructure. Based on the analysis of data for the period 2012-2020, the forecast trends in the number of rural tourism farmsteads and their visitors in Lviv region are presented using trend analysis and the FORECAST.ETS.STAT function for the period 2021-2025. The Russian military aggression against Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affect the activities and prospects for the development of rural tourism in the country. Having built logarithmic, linear, exponential, power and polynomial trend models, the probable indicators for the specified period were forecasted. The current state and trends of rural tourism development during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the context of Russia's military aggression in Eastern Ukraine are considered. The formation and sale of quality products and services in the field of rural tourism involve providing a favorable environment and improving the quality of functioning of rural tourism estates. The development of rural tourism depends on the desires and demands of tourists, which form the demand in this area, which in turn creates supply in the market of tourist services and further development of business activities in the field of services in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the necessity of competitive development of farming enterprises in Lviv region to ensure food security both at the state and regional levels in particular. As part of the research, a thorough economic and statistical analysis of their economic activity and resource provision was conducted. It has been found that the farming enterprises of Lviv region are characterized by positive trends of development. In particular, there is a consolidation of farmers by the area of land use, an increase in the number of agricultural products, which had a positive effect on the sale of the main types of agricultural products in the region and beyond. The objective necessity is substantiated for intensive development of cooperation of farming enterprises in Lviv region under conditions of unstable financial and economic situation in the state, which will provide an opportunity to attract investment and innovation resources for their effective development, will ensure production of ecologically clean food products and creation of new jobs. Among the priority directions for the development of farming enterprises in Lviv Region, special attention is focused on the diversification of activities, which is expedient to consider in production, technological and marketing aspects. The study proved that farming enterprises of Lviv region have all the prerequisites for effective business management. Their strategic development should be focused not only on increasing the volume of production, but also on improving the quality of products, which will ensure a high level of their competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the features of non-agricultural development in rural areas based on the research materials on rural entrepreneurship in the foothills and mountainous areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians, in particular in Lviv region. The methodological basis of the research consists of comparison, analogies, analysis and synthesis methods, process and system approaches etc. During the research the entrepreneurs’ sociological survey was conducted. As a result of the research a range of problems that inhibit the effective development of mountainous and foothills areas and the factors that complicate the formation and effective use of the entrepreneurship intellectual and personnel potential in the specified region are identified. The directions of non-agricultural entrepreneurship diversification are determined (namely tourist, accommodation, recreational, trade, transport and other services as well as folk crafts), and the expediency and advantages of the rural tourism development on the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the foothills are substantiated. The motivational aspects of entrepreneurial activity in the rural tourism field are considered. It can be concluded that non-agricultural activity is one of the most important elements of rural residents’ alternative incomes and the intensification of economic activity in rural areas (in particular, foothills and mountainous). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to study the relevance of new wind power facilities installation for electricity production in the Lviv region. In this paper, all the necessary conditions for the construction of wind power plants are considered. Analysis of the preferred land plot choice for wind energy generation due to favorable wind conditions and limited environmental impact is carried out. The wind turbines with the capacities, which are most appropriate to use in this region, were selected, as well as the environmental impact of the wind power plants is defined. It is proved that it is advisable to use wind turbines of the type "ECO 100" with a capacity of 3.0 MW. The results of the research can be effectively used by design and production organizations in the management of geodetic monitoring of the wind power plants state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyzes the advanced technologies of wastewater treatment with a high content of organic pollutants and ammonium ions. Two different bi-stage scenarios for the treatment of such effluents are proposed. The first scenario includes the pretreatment in aerated lagoons and the final stage at the wastewater treatment plants after appropriate dilution with municipal sewages. The second scenario also includes the first stage in aerated lagoons with a tertiary treatment at the plant for cyanobacteria cultivation with the use of obtained biomass for biofuels production. The effects of the aeration periodicity on the leachate treatment efficiency and also on the composition of microbiocenosis in the aerated lagoons were investigated. The leachates of the Lviv landfill of municipal solid waste (MSW) were used in experimental investigations. The Lviv landfill of MSW was used for domestic and industrial wastes deposition for almost six decades, since the 1960s. It was found that the highest effect of ammoniacal nitrogen removal was obtained in the mode of periodic aeration, with the cycle duration of two hours including the one-hour aeration. It was found that the microorganisms extracted from the leachates of the Lviv MSW landfill are prospective for the new biotechnologies of treatment of the highly concentrated wastewaters, since this microbiocenosis is resistant to the widespread pollutants, in particular to heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies and scientific progress are of major importance in monitoring cultural heritage (CH). Studies of CH preservation play a crucial role in understanding human history, inheriting splendid nations' cultures, and safeguarding cultural diversity. The scientific community and the countries must lead a battle to maintain and preserve CH. The possibilities in the search for underground objects (using non-invasive methods) that have been forgotten are presented. This article presents the results of research conducted in the area of the Citadel in Lviv (Ukraine) and an execution site of the Second World War (Kazimierz Biskupi, Poland). This research makes it possible to highlight the problem of researching to find and adequately commemorate objects and events that are essential elements of the CH of Ukraine and Poland. The proposed non-invasive methods allow the designation of protection zones of historical and cultural significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the use and further development of the single crystal growing technique invented by Professor Jan Czochralski (1885-1953). The possibilities of the Czochralski technique are demonstrated. Further improvements were introduced at the Scientific Research Company "Carat" (Lviv, Ukraine) to grow large size complex oxide single crystals. The paper presents an overview of some single crystals grown with the use of a modified technology. Growth parameters and properties of resulting crystals are summarized to show a high potential of the Czochralski technique as an industrial technology to grow large-size, high quality, and structurally perfect single crystals of complex oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical bases and methodical approaches to the study of the state of the agrarian sector of Lviv region are substantiated and the directions of its development for the future are determined. Some issues related to the development of the agrarian sector need further elaboration. It indicates the relevance and feasibility of this research. The purpose and tasks of the method of research of the state of the agrarian sector of the Lviv region are defined and perspective tendencies of development are outlined. Agrarian sector of Ukraine having a production potential that significantly exceeds the needs of the domestic market, will contribute to the development of the national economy and its effective integration into the world economy. It will also have a positive effect on the growth of income of the rural population employed in agriculture, and in turn will provide a positive effect on the development of other sectors of the national economy. All the results of the study are presented in the form of relevant conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical bases and methodical approaches to the study of the state of tourist and recreational potential of Lviv region are substantiated and the main tendencies of its changes for the future are determined. Many of the problems associated with the development of the tourism industry remain unexplored and need further elaboration. This testifies to the relevance and expediency of further research. The method of research of the state of tourist and recreational potential of Lviv region, which is based on the use of a number of general scientific methods, is described. The tendencies of development of tourist and recreational potential of Lviv region are substantiated. Wide range of different types of tourism is developing in the Lviv region now and therefore there is a well-developed network of enterprises that serve the tourism industry. The available strong tourist and recreational potential indicates that the development of the tourism industry has become one of the most priority economic directions of Lviv region. According to the results of the study, the relevant conclusions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the issues of financial capacities mobilization of amalgamated territorial communities for intensification of their investment and innovative activity are considered. It will contribute to the systemic development of the regional (territorial) economy. Ensuring the increase of financial and investment potential of the territorial economy is impossible without a quantitative assessment of its volume and level. To assess the level of the region’s provision with its own financial and investment potential, we used a method of assessing the ratio of net and gross volume of financial and investment potential. Calculations have shown that in 2010—2018 in the economy of Ukraine there was a general trend in increase of number of regions with a free savings deficit, that could have been attracted into the investment process. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the asymmetry of regional economic development. Regions with developed industry faced the least problems with the formation of financial and investment potential. Our suggestions are to develop the entrepreneurial potential in the direction of establishing import substitution in order to increase the territorial community’s own financial resources. The authors’ idea of choosing the industry for the organization of import-substituting productions is tested on the example of Lviv region. This idea is to direct financial and investment resources to those sectors of industry that will have good consumer prospects, in spite the fact that their market share is insignificant due to the imports. As a result, regions (territories) will have the opportunity to produce consumer goods and mobilize domestic resources, and at the same time attract and accumulate external financial and investment resources. We believe that such strategy will ensure the effective socio-economic development of the regional (territorial) economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popular image of multicultural Lviv/Lwow in general, and under Habsburg rule in particular, usually excludes Russians from the group of genuine city dwellers. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the few portrayals of Russians in literary texts relating to the period of WWI. I compare Polish strategies of othering Russians as barbarians and an insidious element, prevalent in the literature for young readers of the 1920s, with the tendency of some Ukrainian authors to create a more nuanced image in the mass literature of the 2010s. The analysis of ways of othering Russians in the two identified groups of literary texts considers the geopolitical and national identity issues underpinningthese trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of the incidence in the population in Lviv region by the main classes of diseases for 2009-2018. Groups of factors influencing the incidence in the population and the demographic situation in general have been investigated. It was found out that each group of factors can have positive and negative effects in certain regions. The structure of the disease incidence in the population of Lviv region by classes of diseases for the period 2010-2018 has not changed. It is traditionally formed by diseases of the respiratory system, blood and blood-forming organs, circulatory system, endocrine system and neoplasms. The quantitative indicators of changes in the incidence in the population of the region until 2018 by the main classes of diseases in the context of administrative districts are calculated and analyzed. A cluster analysis was carried out to determine the spatial differentiation of the incidence in the population of Lviv region. For clustering, the main indicators were selected by classes of diseases that have the largest specific weight in the structure of morbidity. The cluster analysis made it possible to distinguish two clusters within the region, for which the characteristics in the population morbidity indicators were identified. The analysis of variance (LSD-test) showed the presence of significant differences between the incidences in the population in Lviv region on respiratory diseases. The study of the disease incidence in certain areas makes it possible to predict the state of health and to work out measures to improve the health in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One has proposed to determine the ecological and economic efficiency of the process of land resources reproduction, depending on the yielding capacity of cereals and legumes on the humus stock in soils and the cost of their cultivation due to the use of index method and rating. One has calculated the project indicators of yielding capacity, production costs and minimum profit at 25 % for growing cereals and legumes for the administrative districts of Lviv region based on the range of changes in actual fertility due to humus stock, taking into account the qualitative characteristics. Considering the calculations, we have established that the highest yielding capacity of cereals and legumes at the level of 1.205 will be concentrated in Sokal district of Lviv region, which depends on humus content in soil at the level of 1.159 and the level of socially necessary costs of 1.038. The corresponding project values of the gross production of grain and leguminous crops growing for the researched administrative area are 408.71 million UAH concerning production costs of 286.73 million UAH, which provides a profit of 122 million UAH at 42.5 % of profitability, taking into account the predicted yielding capacity at the level of 45.3 c/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One has researched the method of classification of the suitability of arable lands for the cultivation of basic agricultural crops. One has presented the classification of lands by suitability on the example of the landmass of limited liability company "Luhy", located on the territory of Velyki Hlibovychi village council of Peremyshliany district of Lviv region on the basis of detailed analysis of materials of soil surveys. The mapping of the ecological suitability of the land is presented and scientific recommendations for cultivation and cultivation of crops in crop rotation for the object of study for ecological use in the system of intra-land management are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main tasks of this research are an extended analysis of the technological rut formation process's geometric, force, and energy characteristics as a result of repeated passage of a forest machine on the soil surface. Existing experimental studies of the rutting process are associated with significant material costs and disruption of the forest ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to obtain similar experimental data in laboratory conditions, as well as establishing the correspondence of these experimental results to the results of field studies. The experiments were carried out on the specialized "soil channel" stand of Technical University in Zvolen (Slovakia), as well as in natural conditions in Brody Forestry of the Lviv Region (Ukraine). Geometric track characteristics were determined by length gauges. Power and energy characteristics of the track development process were determined using dynamometers, ammeters, and voltmeters. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil with which the mover interacted were determined by a dynamic hardness tester, a penetrometer, and a moisture meter. The characteristics of rut development processes in natural and laboratory conditions are similar to each other. This makes it possible to carry out a wide range of studies of a wheel with soil on a specialized stand and save considerable money during the implementation of full-scale experiments. So, the process of track development can be analyzed with the help of the geometric, force, and energy characteristics of the "wheel-soil" system obtained on laboratory equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the issue of the effective use of lands is carried out using the calculation of economic indicators, on the basis of which a general rating has been determined and a cluster analysis has been carried out. The methodical instrument for constructing cluster analysis was the method of complete linkage at the Euclidian distance to combine the most similar administrative districts of Lviv region according to standardized indicators of economic efficiency of agricultural lands use. The article presents the results of cluster analysis, which showed the formation of three clusters in terms of economic efficiency of agricultural lands use in Lviv region. The research confirms empirically that the condition of land resources in Skole and Turka districts of Lviv region is unsatisfactory. Sambir and Horodok districts are defined as areas with a satisfactory state of agricultural land. In other districts of the region, we can witness a good state of land for the production of agricultural products. The results of the conducted research may be useful for the unification of business entities on an innovative basis to achieve competitive advantages and support economic growth at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article raises the question of the historical and legal analysis of the development of Ukrainian societies and unions, which are outlined by the concept of «unification» of Eastern Galicia in the second half of the 19th - the first half of the 20th centuries. This study is highlighted through the prism of founding documents, through which you can see the structure of these associations, based on the legal basis and specifics of their activities. The main tasks of the student societies of that time are highlighted: to maintain the reading room and library on their own; to hold literary and scientific events; to organize literary, scientific and theatrical gatherings; to help its members financially. Every valid member of the Society was obliged to pay membership fees. Although Ukrainian student associations were founded outside Galicia, for example in Vienna, they spread their activities to Eastern Galicia, trying to create a number of branches in the western Ukrainian lands and being guided in their activities by official documents issued by the Austrian authorities. And indeed, «conceived as a purely student society, the Viennese Sich actually became the first statutory organization of Galician narodivites. Student youth also played an important role in the creation of the «Prosvita» society. However, this organization did not become the main focus of the student movement. Already in 1860-1870, students focused their main efforts on the formation of a new center for their scientific and social life. As a result, two Ukrainian student societies appeared in 1871: «Academic Circle» and «Friendly Moneylender». The life of the Ukrainian student societies of the Lviv Polytechnic was much calmer, because there was a much more liberal atmosphere. For political conflicts on ethnic grounds, there was a lack of a fertile environment, which was provided by the social sciences at the university. In addition, Lviv doctors participated in the education of the rural population. The special commission of the Medical Society together with Prosvita organized popular medical lectures in the villages. Together with the director of Narodna Lichnitsa, Dr. Yevhen Ozarkevich, and the Lviv branch of Prosvita, Ukrainian medical students organized medical educational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out at the pig farm of LLC Barkom, village Dublyany of Sambirsky district, Lviv region, and PE "Chernyuk" from Hrushvytsia Persha, Rivne district, Rivne region. According to the principle of analogs, two groups of farrowing sows of the PIC genetic company of the large white breed (2-3 farrowing) of 5 animals each were formed -- control and trial. The animals were kept in the same house under the same conditions. The trial group received a standard diet similar to the control group, but the feed additive "Activo" was added to the diet in 0.1 kg/t of finished feed. From the fifth day after birth until weaning, newborn piglets of the trial group were fed pre-starter feed, to which 0.2 kg of the feed additive "Active" was added. The environmental parameters in the houses where the animals were kept differed according to the following leading indicators: the air temperature (°C) in the box with manual control of the supply-exhaust ventilation system in 5-, 14-, and 28-day-old piglets were, respectively, by 3; 2 and 4 °C higher compared to the temperature regime provided by the Big Duchman microclimate system; air movement speed (m/s) lower by 21.4; 33.3 and 8.3 %, respectively; carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) higher in 1.9; 1.8 and 2.1 times, respectively; ammonia concentration (mg/m3) higher in 4.5; 6.1 and 6.1 times, respectively; hydrogen sulfide concentration (mg/m3) higher in 1.8; 4 and 5.4 times, respectively. During the trial period, a probable tendency to decrease feed consumption by sows of the control group by 3.4 % (P < 0.01) was noted at LLC "Barkom", and at PE "Chernyuk", it amounted to 6.22 % (P < 0.001). At the same time, the loss of live weight in sows of the control group amounted to 10 % at the end of the period at LLC Barcom in the control group; namely, the sows of the group (K) lost an average of 23 kg during the trial period. The sows of the group (E) lost 17 kg. At the PE "Chernyuk" pig farm, the loss of live weight in sows at the end of the period in the control group was 25.8 kg, and in the trial group 19.4 kg, (P < 0.001), that is 24.8% less compared to the control group. At the pig complex of LLC "Barkom," when applying the feed additive "Activo" to lactating sows, an increase in the live weight of piglets in the trial group from birth to the fifth day after birth was noted by 18.3 %, compared to the control group. A significant increase in the live weight of piglets in the trial group was 17.16 % on the 14th day and 13.76 % (P < 0.001) on the 28th day of life, respectively. When calculating the average daily growth from birth to weaning (28 days of piglets' life), the difference was 18.54 % (P < 0.001). Piglets born from sows of the control group at the PE "Chernyuk" pig complex that did not consume the trial feed additive had a slightly lower live weight at birth by 9.4 % compared to the trial group. On the fifth day of life, the live weight of the piglets in the trial group was significantly greater than 30.2 % (P < 0.001). The tendency to increase the piglet's live weight on the 14th and 28th day of life was observed in the trial group by 20.1 % (P < 0.01) and 14.1 % (P < 0.001), respectively, in the control group. When calculating the average daily weight gain from birth to weaning (28 days of piglets' life), the difference was 15.15 % (P < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the process of separation of the two layers of painting of the icon "St. Apostle Philip", which is kept in the church in the Bonevychi village (Sambir district, Lviv region, Ukraine). The expediency of using the chemical method of separation for these work and similar ones, according to the state of preservation and technique of execution, is substantiated. The study shows that the upper layer of the icon was made in the late 19th -- early 20th centuries in the technique of oil painting on top of the new gesso (levkas). The original painting of the icon was done in the technique of tempera with the use of silvering and engraving on the background. When studying the manner of painting of the original layer of the icon and based on archival documents about the church in Bonevychi, it was found that first image was painted in the early 18th century to the newly built in 1702 wooden church in Bonevychi. The manner of painting shows that the author of the original icon was a master from the center of church art in the town of Rybotychi (now a village in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Województwo podkarpackie) of Poland). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of tourist destinations in the western Ukrainian border regions. GMDH analysis of statistical indicators of tourism in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattya, Volyn and Chernivtsi regions revealed the importance of information campaigns promoting local destinations. The strategy for tourist destination formation, information support and promotion in the western Ukrainian border regions is developed and the components of its realisation are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a proposal for a historic building thermal diagnostics algorithm for the example of a historical townhouse located in Lviv, Ukraine. The authors proposed a testing and diagnostics procedure that should precede design and renovation work associated with improving the energy standard of the buildings under discussion. The procedure was presented using a case study of a selected historical building. The scope of the study included an assessment of the building's technical condition, thermal vision diagnostics, wall moisture, and water absorption in the context of protection against rain. Sample thermal and hygrothermal calculations were performed for a sample architecture element. The calculations included simulations of partition envelope behaviour after planned thermal retrofitting had been carried out. Performing the presented thermal diagnostics methods in three interlinked blocks (A, B, and C) shall ensure the proper thermal retrofitting of historical buildings in the context of their further occupancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An automatic geomagnetic station for monitoring the Earth's magnetic field variations was installed in December 2020 at Talos Dome, a remote site on the Antarctic Plateau, about 300 km away from the permanent geomagnetic observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS). Designed and assembled at the laboratory of electronics of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in Rome, this autonomous station is formed by a vector magnetometer specifically manufactured by Lviv Institute (Ukraine) for very low temperatures and a low-power system supplied by batteries charged by a wind generator and solar panel. Data, sampled at 1 Hz, are locally stored and can be downloaded once a year during the Antarctic summer expeditions. The goal was to integrate observatory data for better monitoring the geomagnetic field from an uncovered Antarctic area. In fact, it is well known that the distribution of geomagnetic observatories strongly favors the northern hemisphere, and each new instrumental installation in Antarctica should be considered as a useful attempt to balance the geomagnetic monitoring in the two hemispheres. The achieved goal was to obtain a long data series, keeping the station working even during the austral winter when the temperature can reach −60 °C; we recorded almost 11 months of data in one year and the station is still operating. Data from the new station, jointly with data from permanent observatories, improve the analysis of the magnetospheric dynamics and the ionosphere–magnetosphere coupling. Talos Dome, together with the Italian geomagnetic observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station and New Zealand geomagnetic observatory at Scott Base, constitutes a network along the 80°S geomagnetic parallel, which is interesting for studying the longitudinal propagation of geomagnetic signals of external origin. In this work we present the characteristics of the station and of the data it provides, with the aim of them for analysis in the framework of space weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sacrum et Decorum is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the scientific and museological activities of Lviv archaeologists during World War I. The focus is on the fate of archaeologists who were forced to serve in the army (Y. Pasternak, V. Hrebeniak); the state of scientific institutions of Lviv, and the living and working conditions of professors and teaching staff of the University of Lviv, as well as museum workers of the city, were analyzed. In addition, it is about stocking and inventorying the museum collections with archaeological finds, and attempts to restore the activities of museum institutions regardless of conditions (National Museum of Jan III Sobieski, Dzieduszycki Museum). The issue of the loss of human lives is not the least. During these years, Lviv archaeology lost a Polish professor of archaeology Karol Hadaczek and his student, the talented Ukrainian archaeologist Volodymyr Hrebeniak. It was found that the War stopped the development of archaeological science in Lviv and pushed it back for some time. Only in the post-War years, was it possible to restore field research, and publishing activities, replenish museum collections, and educate new personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, with an emphasis on historical aspects of urban planning. The research has shown that under certain conditions, the existence of gated communities is necessary and their popularity is justified. Therefore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms to avoid their negative consequences. In order to understand how closed communities function, and to identify natural trends in the development of this type of facility, their formation in other parts of Europe was analyzed. The results show that this approach is common for the living environment, but that it has its own characteristics at the level of formal expression and functional content. Form and location in the city structure are not essential for the formation of gated communities, with their effective functioning and logical connection with the external environment being more important. There is also a contradiction between the current situation, which is to ensure the physical security of the inhabitants, and the principles of sustainable urban development aimed at the concept of barrier-free space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]