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Hypotheticals, conditionals, and their connecting relation, implication, dramatically changed their meanings during the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century. Modern logicians ordinarily do not distinguish between the terms hypothetical and conditional. Yet in the late nineteenth century their meanings were quite different, their ties to the implication relation either were unclear, or the implication relation was used exclusively as a logical operator. I will trace the development of implication as an inference operator from these earlier notions into the first third of the twentieth century using as the starting point the ideas primarily of R. Whately and W. Hamilton before discussing the work of the transitional logicians, A. De Morgan and G. Boole on these topics. Then we discuss the relevant views of four prominent but relatively unknown nineteenth century British logicians, W.E. Johnson, J.N. Keynes, E.E.C. Jones, and H. MacColl, as well as those of the more influential logicians, W.S. Jevons and J. Venn, closing with a section on ‘implication as inference’ where we explore some key ideas of B. Russell and sketch the work of D. Hilbert, P. Hertz, and G. Gentzen who together are responsible for the development of the modern ideas related to the subjects of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reconstructs Sir William Hamilton's argument for thinking that the unconditioned is not an object of thought, a conclusion he abbreviates with the slogan 'to think is to condition'. The paper describes Hamilton's conception of formal logic as the study of the laws of thought and claims that this conception allows these laws, particularly those of non-contradiction and excluded middle, to play a substantive role in Hamilton's argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including a discussion on Sir William Hamilton's collections of antiquities, and an analysis of the factors that influenced his acquisition of particular types of Egyptian material.

Sir William Hamilton is notable for the publications that documented his interests in the arts and sciences and the objects in his collections. His first set of vase books, the Collection of Etruscan, Greek and Roman Antiquities by Pierre François Hugues, known as Baron d'Hancarville, had decorative text engravings designed especially for the publication and 180 coloured plates of the vase paintings. By means of references drawn from the prints in earlier publications on art and antiquities, the text engravings present a visual context for the collection and an art historical tradition for the vases. Many plates depict vases from other collections. Selected by d'Hancarville, these place Hamilton's vases in a broader context of eminent eighteenth century aristocratic collections. This paper analyses both the sources of the prints and the provenance of the vases, showing how these work not only as ornament and illustration but also to validate d'Hancarville's texts, Hamilton's position as a connoisseur and the historical value of the vases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the history of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Analysis of the links between solutions of the ordinary differential equations of a dynamical problem and a complete integral of a fundamental partial differential equation; Information on the characteristic function discussed in the dynamical essays of William Rowan Hamilton; Origin of Hamilton's principle; Description of the three-body equation system that was developed by Carl Gustav Jacobi.

This paper surveys the traditions of archaeological investigation in Naples and South Italy during the Renaissance and early modern period, when monuments were rediscovered and ancient art was used to promote the cultural and political aspirations of the nobility. Numerous cabinets were also formed by antiquaries and scientists concerned with the interrelationship of the historic, natural and artistic heritage of Magna Graecia. The activities of Hamilton and d'Hancarville are considered in the context of earlier vase collectors such as the Duca di Noia and F. M. Mastrilli, whose approach to figured pottery focused on questions of provenance, authenticity and 'proto-semiotic' readings of iconography. Correspondence in the Gori archives in Florence documents the presence of a lively and cosmopolitan circle of scholars and amateurs in Naples, and early illustrated catalogues depict the contents of local antiquities galleries that, once dispersed, enlarged the collections of Northern European travellers and connoisseurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on research performed on wave singularities in the 1830s. Determination of George Biddell Airy that rainbows are singularities of infinite light softened by wave physics; Discovery of William Whewell that the oceans consist of rotating tidal systems revolving around a still point; William Rowan Hamilton's discovery of diabolical points in light waves during polarization.

The article discusses a manuscript poem "Go! Plaintive sounds" held at the National Library of Scotland, MS 23159.7, a thirty-two line poem in the hand of Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume (1711-76), part of a collection donated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland in 1838 by his nephew, also David Hume (1757-1838). Several biographies refer to the poem as if Hume authored it, however, it was written by Jacobite William Hamilton of Bangour (1704-1754). Also discussed is the friendship between the elder Hume and economist Adam Smith.

Could Lady Hamilton, the play Nelson's Enchantress, and Stella Campbell, all connected by Vandeleur Lee and Shaw's mother, have influenced the creation of Pygmalion? Emma Lyon was born in poverty in 1765. As a girl, she was tutored in the arts and social graces by Charles Greville, a man who regarded her as little more than a project. Going on to marry an ambassador, Sir William Hamilton, she became one of the most famous women in Europe. In 1897 Shaw reviewed Risden Home's 1897 play Nelson's Enchantress, starring Mrs. Patrick Campbell and Forbes Robertson. Within months he had written of Robertson that he was planning a play for that "rapscallionly flower girl of his." It has been long known that his remark referred to Stella Campbell. This essay shows not only that it was referencing a scene in Nelson's Enchantress, but that in Pygmalion we see similarities to Emma Hart's and Charles Greville's personalities, attitudes, and relationship. Shaw was both fascinated and repelled by women like Lady Hamilton. Did his ambivalent attitudes find a resolution in Eliza Doolittle? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles William Donald Hamilton, recipient of the Seawall Wright Award. Papers on the theory of inclusive fitness and the evolution of eusociality; Contributions to the evolutionary theory of senescence and analysis of life-history evolution; His concept of the selfish herd; Other contributions.

The article offers the author's insights regarding the Meidias hydria, a red-figured Greek vase formerly owned by British Representative William Hamilton which shows Greek mythology characters Heracles and others in the Hesperides garden and the abduction of the Leucippus' daughters by Dioscuri. The author discusses the history of the reception and the visual and textual responses to the shape of the hydria and painted scenes.

The article discusses ancient vases collected by English diplomat and collector Sir William Hamilton, focusing on their reception and the reproduction of their images in early nineteenth century scholarship. It comments on the representation of these vases in the works of antiquarians and scholars including Aubin-Louis Millin, James Millingen, and James Christie. The author examines Hamilton's time in Naples, Italy and also explores the concept of aesthetic value and analyzes the vases as commodities.

The article presents an examination into the history of English theater during the final third of the 18th century, highlighting the re-emergence of the Greek god Dionysus within the popular literary imagination and culture. Details are given describing the Greek Revival period of English cultural history, such as in the work of the antiquarian enthusiast and public figure William Hamilton. The engagement and opposition of English theatrical culture to the mythology of Dionysus is discussed in depth, citing controversial reception of the ecstatic and sexual elements of his cult.

For Homo sapiens, inclusive fitness theory goes well beyond ‘kin’. As William Hamilton hypothesized, genes can increase the probability of their own survival by bringing about the reproduction of not only family members with whom they share copies, but also of any individuals with whom they share copies. Research with Hamilton's theory on people is less well known and remains controversial. This review shows: (1) spouses and close friends assort on blood groups and that similarity predicts fertility; (2) twin and adoption studies find genes rather than upbringing cause people to positively assort; (3) phenotype matching is more pronounced on more heritable items within sets of homogeneous traits; (4) bereavement studies find grief is greater following the death of a more similar co-twin or child; (5) studies of face perception find people prefer and trust those who look like them; and (6) DNA variance within and between ethnic groups is equivalent to that within and between families. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 8–12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles biologist William Donald Hamilton. Founding of the theory of inclusive fitness or 'kin selection'; Contributions in the improvement of the concept of social behavior; Works; Employment history; Major contribution to the evolutionary theory; Death.

Outlines the loans and lands of William Hamilton, dean of York and King Edward I's last chancellor in England. Contribution to political connections and economic advancement; Acquisition of real estate; Life and works of Hamilton.

Today it is taken for granted that the black- and red-figured vases found in museums and private collections throughout the world are Greek. In the eighteenth century, however, when practically all known vases had been found in Italy and there had not been any opportunities for systematic excavations in Greece itself, it was assumed that they had been made in the country where they were found. While earlier scholars and antiquaries had, for various reasons, argued that the painted vases were the work of Etruscan craftsmen, several of the Neapolitan intellectuals with whom Hamilton came into contact on his arrival in Italy were already asserting that they were Greek. Hamilton himself played a significant role in arguing the case for Greekness; and while he continued to believe that they had all been made by the Greek settlers in southern Italy and Sicily, he can also be seen to have initiated the process by which the true place of production of some would eventually be recognized as lying in mainland Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of William Hamilton's activities as collector and connoisseur extended beyond the boundaries of his own native and adopted countries. The early work of the German Romantic painter Philipp Otto Runge was remarkably inspired by that of Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein who, while living and working in Naples as Director of the Royal Academy there, had been responsible, in addition to his work on the antiquities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, for the publication of Hamilton's second collection of vases. Runge studied and copied Tischbein's drawings before the two artists ever met, and quotations both from the vase publication and from Tischbein's other work may be detected in several of Runge's compositions, including his masterpiece, the 'Great Morning'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Egyptian material that has survived from Sir William Hamilton's collection is restricted in both quantity and range, consisting as it does of two small 'modern' mummies and fifteen scarabs. Nevertheless, important questions are raised by the problem of determining how and why Hamilton acquired this material. Two types of constraint were operating on eighteenth-century collectors, the externally imposed limitations of accessibility and the self imposed restrictions of aesthetic and scholarly selection. Although travel in Egypt, particularly south of Cairo, remained difficult and perilous to the end of the eighteenth century, it still seems that out of the material available to them, certain classes of object were privileged and others eschewed by contemporary collectors. Thus while the mummies might be classed as curiosities, Sir William may have considered the scarabs desirable acquisitions because the), formed an historical appendage to the well-established and well-defined collector's category of classical engraved gems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sir William Hamilton's small collection of hardstone objects is here viewed against the background of his geological interests, especially vulcanology. Hamilton lived in an age when there was a shift in taste from the antique model (in which hardstone vessels were highly esteemed) to the modern (in which they are not). Pliny's encomia of rock crystal and murrhine ware find echoes in the collecting patterns of eighteenth-century courts; these were soon to be replaced by an enlightened taste for glass and ceramic, fuelled in large part by the spread of Utopian ideas, and to some extent by the publication of Hamilton's own collection of Greek ceramics by the unscrupulous Pierre d'Hancarville. Josiah Wedgwood, who catered for both aristocratic and middle-class markets, played an important role in disseminating these new tastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Hamilton's role in the history of British patronage and connoisseurship by discussing the formative influences of his family at the court of Frederick Prince of Wales and the purchases he made at the great sales held in London in the 1750s. He established a reputation as a collector and connoisseur of paintings in London before he became George III's Envoy to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1764. Some of the most important works that he was forced to sell in 1761 are traced. Many of them he bought back soon afterwards and continued to add to a second collection, which he was again forced to sell in 1765. During his thirty-six years in Naples, Hamilton continued to collect old master paintings, and while abroad made concerted efforts to maintain his reputation as it connoisseur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sir William Hamilton is well known as a collector and pioneer connoisseur of Greek vases. Hilherto, however, little has been said to illuminate these roles in the context of the eighteenth-century ethical movement of civic humanism as expounded in the writings of Jonathan Richardson and Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury. Previous attempts to dismiss Hamilton's activities in collecting and publishing his first vase collection as being motivated by purely commercial interests have failed to grasp the full complexity of his place in the development of eighteenth-century taste and the burgeoning art market, and undervalue his status as a promoter of Enlightenment learning through association with d'Hancarville. Hamilton's public persona is further examined through hitherto unpublished research shedding new light on his previously untraced collection of marble sculpture sold in London in 1801. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the philosophy of realism by William Hamilton that sense-experiences not the object of perception but rather that `whereby' we perceive. Summary of Thomas Reid's analysis; View of an illusion viewed by the third-person point of view; Naturalism as distinguished from empiricism; Philosophy of the conditioned; Difference between the relative and the subjective; Absolute conception.

Cites the creation of quaternions by William Rowan Hamilton in Ireland. Family background of Hamilton; Educational attainment; Career history.

Bill Hamilton, one of the foremost evolutionary theorists of the 20th century, has died at the age of 63 from complications following malaria. Bill is best known for the concept [...]