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Your search keyword '"Folks, Thomas"' showing total 410 results
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410 results on '"Folks, Thomas"'

4. Chemoprophylaxis with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Provided Partial Protection against Infection with Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Macaques Given Multiple Virus Challenges

Author

Subbarao, Shambavi, Otten, Ronald A., Ramos, Artur, Kim, Caryn, Jackson, Eddie, Monsour, Michael, Adams, Debra R., Bashirian, Sheila, Johnson, Jeffrey, Soriano, Vincent, Rendon, Ana, Hudgens, Michael G., Butera, Salvatore, Janssen, Robert, Paxton, Lynn, Greenberg, Alan E., and Folks, Thomas M.

Published
2006

23. Simian T-lymphotropic virus diversity among nonhuman primates, Cameroon

Author

Sintasath, David M., Wolfe, Nathan D., LeBreton, Matthew, Jia, Hongwei, Garcia, Albert D., Diffo, Joseph Le Doux, Tamoufe, Ubald, Carr, Jean K., Folks, Thomas M., Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel, Burke, Donald S., Heneine, Walid, and Switzer, William M.

Subjects
Simian immunodeficiency virus -- Health aspects, Simian immunodeficiency virus -- Research, Simian immunodeficiency virus -- Genetic aspects
Abstract

Cross-species transmission of retroviruses is common in Cameroon. To determine risk for simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) transmission from nonhuman primates to hunters, we examined 170 hunter-collected dried blood spots [...]

Published
2009

24. Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by daily or intermittent prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir

Author

Garcia-Lerma, J. Gerardo, Otten, Ron A., Qari, Shoukat H., Jackson, Eddie, Cong, Mian-er, Masciotra, Silvina, Luo, Wei, Kim, Caryn, Adams, Debra R., Monsour, Michael, Lipscomb, Jonathan, Johnson, Jeffrey A., Delinsky, David, Schinazi, Raymond F., Janssen, Robert, Folks, Thomas M., and Heneine, Walid

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

Background In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs could prove to be an effective intervention strategy if highly efficacious and cost-effective PrEP modalities are identified. We evaluated daily and intermittent PrEP regimens of increasing antiviral activity in a macaque model that closely resembles human transmission. Methods and Findings We used a repeat-exposure macaque model with 14 weekly rectal virus challenges. Three drug treatments were given once daily, each to a different group of six rhesus macaques. Group 1 was treated subcutaneously with a human-equivalent dose of emtricitabine (FTC), group 2 received orally the human-equivalent dosing of both FTC and tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and group 3 received subcutaneously a similar dosing of FTC and a higher dose of tenofovir. A fourth group of six rhesus macaques (group 4) received intermittently a PrEP regimen similar to group 3 only 2 h before and 24 h after each weekly virus challenge. Results were compared to 18 control macaques that did not receive any drug treatment. The risk of infection in macaques treated in groups 1 and 2 was 3.8- and 7.8-fold lower than in untreated macaques (p = 0.02 and p = 0.008, respectively). All six macaques in group 3 were protected. Breakthrough infections had blunted acute viremias; drug resistance was seen in two of six animals. All six animals in group 4 that received intermittent PrEP were protected. Conclusions This model suggests that single drugs for daily PrEP can be protective but a combination of antiretroviral drugs may be required to increase the level of protection. Short but potent intermittent PrEP can provide protection comparable to that of daily PrEP in this SHIV/macaque model. These findings support PrEP trials for HIV prevention in humans and identify promising PrEP modalities., Introduction With an estimated 33.2 million people worldwide living with HIV at the end of 2007 and an estimated 2.5 million new infections in 2007 acquired mostly through sex, HIV/AIDS [...]

Published
2008

26. Recombinant viruses and early global HIV-1 epidemic

Author

Kalish, Marcia L., Robbins, Kenneth E., Pieniazek, Danuta, Schaefer, Amanda, Nzilambi, Nzila, Quinn, Thomas C., St. Louis, Michael E., Youngpairoj, Ae S., Phillips, Jonathan, Jaffe, Harold W., and Folks, Thomas M.

Subjects
HIV infection -- Development and progression, HIV infection -- Genetic aspects
Abstract

Central Africa was the epicenter of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic. Understanding the early epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, could provide insight into how [...]

Published
2004

27. Early detection of reverse transcriptase activity in plasma of neonates infected with HIV-1: a comparative analysis with RNA-based and DNA-based testing using polymerase chain reaction

Author

Reisler, Ronald B., Thea, Donald M., Pliner, Vadim, Green, Timothy, Lee, Francis, Nesheim, Stephen, Brown, Teresa, Kalish, Marcia, Folks, Thomas M., and Heneine, Walid

Subjects
HIV infection in children -- Diagnosis, Viremia -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

A supersensitive reverse transcriptase assay called Amp-RT is more effective than nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and DNA-PCR in detecting HIV infection in newborn babies. This was the conclusion of a study of 71 babies.

Published
2001

35. New strategies for treating AIDS

Author

Sandstrom, Paul A. and Folks, Thomas M.

Subjects
AIDS (Disease) -- Drug therapy, AIDS vaccines -- Research, Biological sciences
Published
1996

46. Xenotransplantation and xenogeneic infections

Author

Chapman, Louisa E., Folks, Thomas M., Salomon, Daniel R., Patterson, Amy P., Eggerman, Thomas E., and Noguchi, Philip D.

Subjects
Xenotransplantation -- Health aspects, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. -- Health aspects
Abstract

Precautions should be taken to reduce the risks that xenotransplantation poses to individual recipients and to the general public. Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of animal tissue into humans. The risks of xenotransplantation are demonstrated by infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans by various means. Furthermore, an infection that may be harmless to an animal may be extremely harmful to humans. These infections not only harm the original human they infect, but may reach epidemic proportions by being transmitted between humans. Certain animal viruses in transplanted tissue may also combine with human viruses to create hybrids that are particularly harmful. Special measures should be taken with animal tissue to minimize the transmission of disease. A consensus should be reached on what precautions should be taken to protect the public and how research might proceed.

Published
1995

47. Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian immunodeficiency virus

Author

Khabbaz, Rima F., Heneine, Walid, George, J. Richard, Parekh, Bharat, Rowe, Thomas, Woods, Toni, Switzer, William M., McClure, Harold M., Murphey-Corb, Michael, and Folks, Thomas M.

Subjects
Simian immunodeficiency virus, Laboratory infections -- Case studies, Laboratory technicians -- Health aspects
Abstract

Humans may be at risk for infection with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). SIVs are biologically similar to HIV that primarily affect nonhuman primates. While testing blood samples of laboratory workers in Apr 1992 for evidence of SIV infection, researchers discovered a laboratory researcher with antibodies against HIV-2 and SIV. All of the researcher's blood samples were negative for HIV-1 antibodies. Samples tested for HIV-2 and SIV prior to Nov 1989 were also negative. All samples tested after Apr 1990 had HIV-2 and SIV antibodies. SIV isolated from peripheral blood cells of the researcher was successfully multiplied in normal human peripheral blood cells. DNA from the human SIV isolate revealed a genetic deletion that usually distinguishes SIV from HIV-2. The human SIV was most similar to the SIV used in the researcher's laboratory. Two monkeys injected with the researcher's blood tested negative for SIV.

Published
1994

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