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Each of the papers in this collection offers a much-needed antidote to the forces that disconnect educators from the places in which they teach, learn, and live. Together, they provide an opportunity to reflect on the power of place in education. This issue offers an opportunity--an invitation--to embrace all that the places both in and outside the classroom have to offer. Individual essays in this paper include: (1) Reclaiming the Promise of Place: An Interview with David Greenwood (Roberta Altman); (2) Playing in Literary Landscapes: Considering Children's Need for Fantasy Literature in the Place-Based Classroom (Sarah Fisher); (3) Guggenheim for All: Museum Education for Students on the Spectrum (Chiara Di Lello); (4) Curtain Up: Place-based Teaching & Learning in the New York City Theater District (Peggy McNamara and Bryan Andes); (5) Place-Based Education: (Re)Integrating Ecology & Economy (Mark T. Kissling and Angela Calabrese Barton); (6) Discovering Place-based Education in the Foothills of the Himalayas (Monimalika Day with Doug Hernandez); (7) Learning Naturally: An Inquiry Study of Streams in Hawaii (Becca Kesler); (8) Nature Preschools: Putting Nature at the Heart of Early Childhood Education (Ken Finch and Patti Ensel Bailie); and (9) Preparing Teachers for Place-based Teaching (Amy Vinlove). Individual essays contain references and figures.

In 1918, just one year before the founding of American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), Thorstein Veblin wrote, "In one shape or another, this problem of adjustment, reconciliation or compromise between the needs of higher learning and the demands of the business enterprise is forever present in the deliberations of the university directorate." In the early twenty-first century, forces in the political economy of higher education may be making that reconciliation even more difficult and straining academic ideals. Many see within the changes in the teaching force a transformed conception of the social role of the university. No longer conceived as a public good, the university is thought of as providing private individual goods to its students. In this view, a private, profit-making university may provide the most efficient service. The essays in this volume began as presentations in a panel session on "The Idea and Ideals of the University" at the 2004 ACLS Annual Meeting. Concern about the corporate culture defining the university invites scholars to reflect about the ideas and values that have traditionally constituted the university, evoking the questions discussed by panel participants: What is the role of the learned societies, of scholars, and of academic leaders in defining and interpreting the ethical components of a shared vision of the twenty-first-century academy? To what degree does the case for the university's autonomy carry a concomitant obligation for it to be self-policing? What will be the role of digital technology? Following an introduction (Rebecca Chopp), four essays are included: (1) Key Issues Currently Facing American Higher Education (Ronald G. Ehrenberg); (2) Humanities in the University: Retrospect and Prospect (Andrew Delbanco); (3) The Humanities: A Technical Profession (Alan Liu); and (4) What Do I Really Think About the Corporate University? (Catharine R. Stimpson). (Essays are noted and figured individually.)

Citizenship is about more than the passport an individual holds; it goes far beyond nationality. The terms of citizenship determine in part who has access to goods, services, and resources and how they are distributed within a community. Rules of citizenship determine who can participate, who can decide about matters of diversity, distribution, inclusion, and exclusion. While citizenship is a useful concept, sometimes it is also a confusing one. The paper provides a brief overview of the concept of governance. It turns to a consideration of the appropriateness of this social initiative by the International Development and Research Centre (IDRC). It examines some of the reasons why Canada's historic and current experience of citizenship might advance IDRC's thinking about a citizenship entry point for its research agenda, and its attempt to answer the key question: "To what extent does the Canadian experience past and present have anything to say about options for Africans?" It provides a brief overview of the four commissioned papers and what they have revealed the links among citizenship, governance, and service delivery in Canada. The paper concludes with an overview of lessons drawn from the Canadian experience. (BT)

This volume contains an introduction and four policy option papers that explore key issues affecting the economy and state options to address the issues within the context of the U.S. workplace. "Introduction" (David Bedford, Evelyn Ganzglass) discusses the issues identified in the first phase of the governors' initiative on Excellence at Work and outlines a state action agenda. "State Strategies for Manufacturing Modernization" (Brian Bosworth) provides a framework for considering state government policies to encourage modernization among small and medium-sized manufacturing companies and promotes a review of state policies and programs for helping train workers and managers. "State Strategies for Building Market-Based Workforce Preparation Systems" (Robert Sheets, David Stevens) argues that the challenge for states in the 1990s is to refine and integrate the use of various performance standard systems and other related market incentives into comprehensive market-based workforce preparation systems. "The Flexible Workplace: Implications for State Employment Policy and Regulations" (Barney Olmsted, Stephen Trippe) discusses the changing relationship between employers and employees and the demands of workers for more flexible working conditions to accommodate family and other responsibilities. "Health Benefits in a Changing Economic Environment" (John Luehrs) discusses the ways in which concerns about health care delivery and financing have affected the U.S. workplace. An index is provided. (YLB)

One of a series of productivity primers examining the interrelationship among vocational education, productivity, and economic development, this volume consists of seven occasional papers on economic development and productivity. Included in the collection are the following papers: "The Real Supply-Side Economics," by Anthony P. Carnevale; "Reindustrialization and Vocational Education," by Amitai Etzioni; "Vocational Education and Reindustrialization," by Rupert E. Evans; "Work, Employment, and the New Economics," by Melvin Feldman; "Vocational Education as a Participant in the Economic Development Enterprise: Policy Options for the Decade Ahead," by Leonard A. Lecht; "The Reindustrialization of the United States: Implications for Vocational Education Research and Development," by Herbert E. Striner; and "Improving Productivity in the Work Force: Implications for Research and Development in Vocational Education," by Dennis J. Sullivan. (MN)

This publication is the sixth in a series of papers on global environmental issues. This paper evaluates the future of nuclear power, subjecting it to several tests: (1) economics; (2) safety; (3) adequacy of fuel supplies; (4) environmental impact; and (5) both national and international security. Section headings include: (1) The nuclear fuel cycle; (2) Nuclear economics; (3) Uranium supplies; (4) Safety; (5) Environmental impact; (6) Energy independence; (7) Nuclear terrorism; and (8) Nuclear power and society. This paper suggests that nuclear power may not only be unsafe but uneconomical. Among other examples are several cases of near catastrophic nuclear accidents of which the public was told nothing until the crictical periods had passed. (MR)

The report presents findings of an inquiry to identify the principal obstacles faced in achieving general economic literacy and to suggest ways of surmounting them. Among the 350 respondent educators, social scientists, businessmen, and others, most agree on the importance of economic literacy and its present low level in the general population. Where economics education efforts of the educational establishment are seen to be inadequate, recommendations are made to improve curriculum, train teachers in economics, and encourage or require student courses in economics education. Other, more global, needs include the establishment of specific goals of economics education, identification of skills and knowledge comprising economic literacy, and attention to the facts and processes of economic systems. In addition, various possible characteristics of economics education are reviewed. The delphi-like process used in conducting the inquiry is explained in detail, and response data are tabulated. (AV)

The economics of book publishing are described in this study completed for the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. Segments of the book industry are compared by annual sales and titles published, as is profitability by categories of publishing. Operating statements of major categories are examined and capital requirements and returns on investment are compared by categories. Editorial and royalty costs; manufacturing costs and the economics of scale in hardbound and paperback publishing; sales and promotion costs; costs of mass sales and on-demand fulfillment; and general and administrative costs are discussed. Categories of income from secondary rights and risk factors in pricing in relation to unit costs and estimated sales are described. Special economic problems engendered by returns of unsold books and advances to authors are evaluated, along with advantages and costs of overseas distributors and pitfalls facing book publishers in periods of rapid technological change. (Author/PF)

A study was made to develop a rationale for determining the economic justification for a national program of library and information services as described in the second draft of the National Commission on Libraries and Information Services Program Document. The economic rationale is based on improved cost effectiveness and improved utilization of capital resources. In finding formulas for assignment of financial responsibility to various levels of government and segments of society, several principles must be considered. Public, academic, special, and school libraries should continue to be funded by their constituencies with state and federal help where needed, while new public libraries should be funded by a mix of local, state, and federal funds. System, state, regional, and national resources should be supported by their constituencies, but should be given state and federal aid for services provided outside their constituencies. The federal government should fund the capital costs of the network, while the capital costs of resources should be born by the private sector or the constituency served. Research, development, and staff training should be funded by the responsible institutions, but the federal government should fund programs to meet the needs generated by the national network. (Author/LS)

"Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (ICSES) which took place on October 20-23, 2023, in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICSES invites submissions which address the theory, research, or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The ICSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and social sciences. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC. The month of the conference on the cover page (November) is incorrect. The correct month is October.]

The question of whether human resource development (HRD) should assume a leadership role in social responsibility has not been seriously or rigorously addressed in the HRD literature. As a multidisciplinary field, HRD is influenced not only by societal needs but also by underlying disciplines, including economics, psychology, general systems, ethics, and sociology. Both as an organizational function and as a stand-alone profession, HRD plays a principal role in enhancing organizations' long-term sustainability and has the potential to help cultivate organizations and people that positively influence communities, society, and the environment. The influence that economic and psychological theory have had on HRD and the world views that have influenced HRD require review and redefinition so that HRD professionals can clarify and improve their understanding of their potential contributions and responsibility to society. In the long run, those HRD professionals and academics who respond to the challenge of social responsibility will prove most successful not because it is the right thing to do but because organizations that add value to external clients and society will likely add value to themselves and their shareholders. As a profession, HRD has a collective conscience that provides the catalyst for leadership in social responsibility. (Contains 37 references.) (MN)

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2024), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2024 received 729 submissions, from more than 50 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 284 submissions (39% acceptance rate). This is the Volume 1 of the book titled Education and New Developments 2024, that showcases the outcomes of dedicated research and developments undertaken by authors who are driven by their passion to enhance research methods that directly relate to teaching, learning, and the practical applications of education in the present day. Within its pages, you will find a diverse array of contributors and presenters who expand our perspectives by delving into various educational matters. This first volume focuses on the main areas of TEACHERS AND STUDENTS and TEACHING AND LEARNING.

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2024), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2024 received 729 submissions, from more than 50 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 284 submissions (39% acceptance rate). This is the Volume 2 of the book titled Education and New Developments 2024, that showcases the outcomes of dedicated research and developments undertaken by authors who are driven by their passion to enhance research methods that directly relate to teaching, learning, and the practical applications of education in the present day. Within its pages, you will find a diverse array of contributors and presenters who expand our perspectives by delving into various educational matters. This second volume focuses on the main areas of PROJECTS AND TRENDS and ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES.

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2022), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2022 received 790 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 263 submissions (33% acceptance rate), from which, 233 submissions are published in full text in these volumes. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This is the Volume 2 of the book Education and New Developments 2022 and it contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This second volume focus in the main areas of Projects and Trends and Organizational Issues. [For Volume 1, see ED622189. This document contains the proceedings of END 2022: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Madeira, Portugal, June 18-20, 2022).]

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2022), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2022 received 790 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 263 submissions (33% acceptance rate), from which, 233 submissions are published in full text in these volumes. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This is the Volume 1 of the book Education and New Developments 2022 and it contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This first volume focus in the main areas of Teachers and Students and Teaching and Learning. [For Volume 2, see ED622190. This document contains the proceedings of END 2022: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Madeira, Portugal, June 18-20, 2022).]

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2021), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), that this year had to be transformed into a fully Virtual Conference as a result of the Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2021 received 478 submissions, from more than 40 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 160 submissions (34% acceptance rate), from which, 151 submissions are published in full text in this book. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2021) (Virtual Conference). The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2020 proceedings, see ED607570.]

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2023), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2023 received 758 submissions, from more than 45 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 279 submissions (37% acceptance rate).This second volume focuses on the main areas of (1) Projects and Trends; and (2) Organizational Issues.

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2020), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), that this year had to be transformed into a fully Virtual Conference as a result of the Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2020 received 459 submissions, from more than 40 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Virtual Presentations and Posters. The conference accepted for presentation 125 submissions (27% acceptance rate), from which, 106 submissions are published in full text in this book. The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Prof. Dr. Joy Kutaka-Kennedy (Ed. D., Department of Special Education, Sanford College of Education, National University, San Jose Campus, USA), to whom we express our most gratitude. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program, we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Critical Thinking; Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. This book contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to our organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [This document contains the proceedings of END 2020: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Virtual Conference).]

This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2019), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2019 received 547 submissions, from more than 50 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 135 submissions (25% acceptance rate), from which, 114 submissions are published in full text in these volumes. The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Prof. Dr. Denise Whitelock, Professor of Technology Enhanced Assessment and Learning, Institute of Educational Technology, The Open University, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program, we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity; Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Critical Thinking; Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. This is the Volume II of the book "Education and New Developments 2019" and it contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This second volume focus in the main areas of TEACHING AND LEARNING and ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to our organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [For Volume I, see ED604965. This document contains the proceedings of END 2019: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Porto, Portugal, June 22-24, 2019).]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2018), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2018 received 624 submissions, from more than 50 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. The conference accepted for presentation 168 submissions (27% acceptance rate). The conference also includes two keynote presentations from internationally distinguished researchers, Prof. Dr. Zoltán Rónay (Ph.D, Associate Professor) Research Group for Higher Education and Innovation, Institute of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary, and Prof. Dr. Gyöngyi Bujdosó (PhD, Senior lecturer) Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Hungary, to whom we express our most gratitude. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program, we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also covers different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Critical Thinking; Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change, Corporate Education. This book contains the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to our organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [This document contains the proceedings of END 2018: International Conference on Education and New Developments (Budapest, Hungary, June 23-25, 2018).]

This document contains three papers on workplace learning issues and human resource development. "The Impact of Self-Management on Training Participation" (Jasper B. van Loo, Andries de Guip, Jo G.L. Thijssen) combines HRD and economic theory to in an attempt to explain the relationship between self-management and training participation. An economic model is used to formulate five research hypotheses that are then investigated by using survey data from workers in a large insurance company. "Corporate Training as an Organization Subsystem" (Monica M. Tuttle) compares organization subsystems of finance and corporate training and argues that, with both seeking to optimize different qualities within the larger system, one variable is likely to be suboptimized. The ramifications of this situation, including the issue of increased accountability in measurement as an area for further research, are discussed. "The Relationship between Workplace Training and Organizational Commitment in Australian Organizational Settings: A Preliminary Analysis" (Adela J. McMurray, Rae Dorai) reports on a survey of staff at various levels in the hotel industry, automotive manufacturing, and nonprofit organizations that established a relationship between workplace training and organizational commitment. The implications of this relationship for implementation of Australia's National Training Reform Agenda were discussed. All three papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This symposium on knowledge management and human capital consists of three presentations. "Analyzing and Solving Difficulties Experienced in Knowledge Management: The Case of a Knowledge Intensive Organization" (Simone J. van Zolingen, Jan N. Streumer, Maaike Stooker) distinguishes five phases of the knowledge management process and reports that in the case study most knowledge management problems occurred in the first three phases: knowledge acquisition, codification, and dissemination. "Using a Human Capital Framework to Inform Human Capital Investment Decisions" (Joanne Provo) analyzes organizational capabilities strategy from the human capital perspective. "Human Capital, Human Resource Development (HRD), and the Knowledge Organization" (Oscar A. Aliaga) uses an economic approach to explain the foundations of HRD and proposes a framework to understand the knowledge organization. It suggests economics as the primary theoretical influence of HRD. The theory of human capital and the theory of the firm are first reviewed in their relationship with training. A discussion follows of the knowledge organization and the implications for organization development. All three papers include substantial bibliographies. (YLB)

This book of readings on innovation was commissioned by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) and looks at the relationship between skills, innovation and industry. In November 2010, the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) held a forum in Sydney on the relationship between innovation and skills which explored many of the concepts addressed in this book of readings. Other researchers in the area have also contributed to chapters in this book. The authors offer a variety of views on innovation and its relevance. While the authors view innovation from differing perspectives, they all implicitly acknowledge the importance of innovation to productivity. This volume contains the following papers: (1) Overview (Penelope Curtin and John Stanwick); (2) Innovation in the modern economy (John Rice); (3) What skills are relevant to innovation? (John Stanwick and Francesca Beddie); (4) Building up the innovative capabilities of workers (Ludger Deitmer); (5) Neuroplasticity and its application for skills in innovative workplaces (David Rumsey); (6) Why firms innovate and what it means for VET (Josie Misko and Lisa Nechvoglod); (7) The role of education and skills in Australian management practice and productivity (Renu Agarwal and Roy Green); (8) Building innovation capacity: the role of human capital formation in enterprises (Andrew Smith, Jerry Courvisanos, Jacqueline Tuck and Steven McEachern); (9) Capabilities, innovation and performance: an assessment using Australian data (Peter Fieger and John Rice); (10) Tradespeople and technicians in innovation (Phillip Toner); (11) VET and the diffusion and implementation of innovation in the mining, solar energy and computer games sectors (Robert Dalitz, Phillip Toner and Tim Turpin); and (12) Some thoughts on VET and innovation: an economic perspective (Tom Karmel). Individual papers contain tables, figures, footnotes and references.

For their 61st annual conference, the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers (ALER) met in St. Petersburg, Florida. This year's conference theme was "Engaging All Readers through Explorations of Literacy, Language, and Culture," which was also used as the title for this year's "Yearbook." This "Yearbook" contains articles about innovative strategies for teachers and teacher leaders, research trends within teacher education programs, and innovative and seminal strategies for preservice teachers. Included are double-peer reviewed papers, the presidential address, and the keynote address: (1) Systems Without a Process: Know What To Do and Then Do It Well (David D. Paige); (2) Reclaiming Creative Literacy Practices (Thomas W. Bean); (3) Understanding Reasoning and Academic Language in Economics (Chang Yuan); (4) "There Might Be Words on the Screen, but it's Not the Same": Engaging Tweens in Literacy through Minecraft Book Groups (Carolyn Stufft); (5) Stranger than Nonfiction: Identifying and Modeling Text Structures in Fiction Picturebooks (Tracey S. Hodges and Sharon D. Matthews); (6) "Es Lo Que Hacemos"/It's What We Do: Translanguaging to Make Meaning During Read Alouds (Erin Greeter); (7) Research on Reader's Theater (Faida Stokes and Chase Young); (8) What DO they do all day?: Field Experiences in Literacy Coaching (Katherine Brodeur, Susan Massey, Lisa Ortmann, and Cynthia Bertelsen); (9) The Engaged Learning Model: The Impact of Digital Literacy and Problem-Based Learning on Fourth Graders' Vocabulary and General Reading Outcomes (James E. Gentry, Chris Sloan, and Robin Pate); (10) Teachers Implementing Coaching Mindsets: A Path to Literacy Leadership (Aimee Morewood, Susan Taylor, Julie Ankrum, Allison Swan Dagen, and Angela Curfman); (11) High Stakes Testing in Teacher Education: Responses and Implications (Maryann Mraz, Bob Rickelman, S. Michael Putman, Paola Pilonieta, and Jean Vintinner); (12) The Lasting Impact of a University Common Reading Program (Kristen Ferguson, Natalya Brown, and Linda Piper); (13) Honoring All of the Language Arts: A Constructivist Approach to Preservice Teachers' Classroom Observations (Delane Bender-Slack and Teresa Young); (14) Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy for Literacy Instruction: Examination of an Undergraduate Delivery System (Corinne Valadez, Tomas Espinosa, Johnathan Hill, and Maureen Sullivan); (15) Cohort Participation: Impact on Personal Learning Networks (Caryssa K. Retrum, Elizabeth Alderton, Glady Van Harpen, and Stephanie Bernander); (16) Disrupting the University Curriculum: Engaging Preservice Teachers in a Study Abroad "Passport" Activity (Virginia R. Massaro, Joan A. Rhodes, and Sharon Zumbrunn); (17) "If You're Not Reading, You're Not Growing": Exploring the Reading Habits of Preservice Teachers in a Children's Literature Course (Bethanie Pletcher and Tomas Espinosa); (18) Shaping and Being Shaped: Exploring Preservice Teachers' Literacy Autobiographies (Stacey J. Korson and Connie Beckner Hodge); (19) Supporting Literacy Teaching Through Rehearsal (Nicholas Husbye); (20) Phonics and Phonemic Awareness in a Teacher Preparation Program: An Analysis of the Achievement and Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers (Stacey Bose); (21) The Power of Family Involvement: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Understand More about the Out of School Literacy Lives and Cultures of Children (Kathryn V. Dixon, Martha M. Foote, and Juan J. Araujo with Rhonda Clark, Carol Revelle, and Tami Morton); (22) Supporting the Literacy Development of At-Risk First Time College Students through the Exploration of Language and Culture (Connie Briggs, Patricia A. Watson, and Ivan Dole); and (23) Exploring the Reading Strategy Use of EFL College Students: Tri-lingual Chinese Students Attending a University in Korea (Kay Hong-Nam and Susan Szabo). [For the Thirty-Ninth Yearbook, see ED594524.]

The first section of this document contains definitional papers prepared by three sections of the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAEE). They are: (1) "The Challenges of K-12 Environmental Education" (Harold Hungerford and Trudi Volk); (2) "'Environmental Studies': Towards a Definition" (Royal Harde); and (3) "Nonformal Environmental Education: An Overview and Methodology for Evaluation" (Edward McCrea and Glenn Weaver). The second section contains selected papers from the 1983 NAEE annual conference. They are: "An Incentive Approach to Riparian Lands Conservation: A Case of Study" (John Baldwin, Nancy Duhnkrack, and Paul Ciminello); "Forging an American Environmental Consciousness: The Historical Interplay of Technology, Politics, and Economics" (William Berberet); "Who's In Control? Development of a Perceived Environmental Control Measure" (Randall Champeau and R. Ben Peyton); "Children and Environmental Educators: Differing Views of the Urban Environment" (Augusto Medina); "A Study of the Relationship between Information and Attitude for Users and Non-Users of Computerized Water Resource Management Simulation" (Terrence Mills); "The Impact of Acidified Precipitation on Agricultural Crops" (G. Harry Stopp, Jr.); "What Do Teachers Want - In Order to Teach about a Current Environmental Issue: Acid Rain" (Harriett Stubbs); and "Merging at the Crossroads: New Vehicles for Environmental Education" (Charles Yaple). (JN)

This collection of papers looks at the employment status of the U.S. Hispanic population, a significant and growing segment of the nation's labor force. It analyzes characteristics of Latino workers, including educational attainment by Hispanic subgroups, work experience and skills, and computer literacy. The eight papers are: (1) "What Latino Workers Bring to the Labor Market: How Human Capital Affects Employment Outcomes" (Marcelo Siles and Sonia M. Perez); (2) "What a Latino Worker Finds in the U.S. Labor Market" (Rebecca Morales); (3) "Latino Unemployment: Current Issues and Future Concerns" (Jorge Chapa and Craig Wacker); (4) "Latino Immigrants in the Labor Force: Trends and Labor Market Issues" (Guillermo J. Grenier and Peter Cattan); (5) "Compensation for the Latino Worker" (Cordeila W. Reimers); (6) "Benefit Coverage for Latino and Latina Workers" (Richard Santos and Patricia Seitz); (7) "Closing the Social Mismatch: Lessons from the Latino Experience" (Edwin Melendez and Luis M. Falcon); and (8) "The Impact of Latino Workers on the U.S. Economy: Implications for Effective Employment Policy" (Sonia M. Perez and Charles K. Kamasaki). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

The chapters in this book originated in an invited seminar at the Griffith University Gold Coast (Australia) campus on the occasion of a visit by Philip Wexler in December 1993. The seminar explored ways and means of transcending a postmodernist analysis of education. Although the examples are predominantly Australian, the issues are international. The major themes of the book include the theoretical implications of a refusal to abandon universals and the justification for intervening in educational policy; the efficacy of different kinds of interventions and what a theoretically driven action agenda might be; and dealing with the new range of inequalities which are consequences of postmodern transformations at both the institutional and existential levels. Following the prologue by Richard Smith, Part 1, entitled "Theory of Education," is comprised of the following four chapters: (1) "Liberalism, Postmodernism, Critical Theory and Politics" (Robert Young); (2) "Fading Poststructuralisms: Post-Ford, Posthuman, Posteducation?" (John Knight); (3) "Having a Postmodernist Turn or Postmodernist 'Angst': A Disorder Experienced by an Author Who Is Not Yet Dead or Even Close to It" (Jane Kenway); and (4) "After Postmodernism: A New Age Social Theory in Education" (Philip Wexler). Chapters in the second part, "Pedagogy," include: (5) "Getting Our Hands Dirty: Provisional Politics in Postmodern Conditions" (Allan Luke); (6) "Foucault's Poststructuralism and Observational Education Research: A Study of Power Relations" (Jennifer M. Gore); and (7) "Keeping an Untidy House: A Disjointed Paper About Academic Space, Work and Bodies" (Wendy Morgan and Erica McWilliam). The chapters in part 3, "Identity," include: (8) "Stories In and Out of Class: Knowledge, Identity and Schooling" (Lindsay Fitzclarence, Bill Green, and Chris Bigum); (9) "Corporatism, Self and Identity Within Moral Orders: Prestructuralist Reconsiderations of a Poststructuralist Paradox" (Robert Funnell); and (10) "Voicing the 'Other,' Speaking for the 'Self,' Disrupting the Metanarratives of Educational Theorizing with Poststructural Feminisms" (Parlo Singh). Part 4, entitled "Politics," is comprised of the following three chapters: (11) "Educational Intellectuals and Corporate Politics" (James G. Ladwig); (12) "Academic Work Intensification: Beyond Postmodernism" (Richard Smith and Judyth Sachs); and (13) "Epilogue: From the Inside Out" (Philip Wexler). References accompany each chapter. An index is included. (LMI)

In this volume the authors document examples of programmes/courses/activities that are designed intentionally to build students' capacity to be integrative thinkers and learners. In doing so they try to analyse and name the learning that is taking place, and so make it visible to the reader. The work is intended as a resource for all those involved in teaching and student learning in Higher Education and beyond. The ultimate goal is to ensure that students in higher education can make meaningful connections within and between disciplines, for example by integrating on-campus and off-campus learning experiences, and tying together and synchronising different perspectives and ways of knowing. This paper contains the following chapters: (1) Drawing on Medical Students' Representations to Illuminate Concepts of Humanism and Professionalism in Newborn Medicine (C. Anthony Ryan); (2) Integrative Learning in a Law and Economics Module (John Considine); (3) Making Connections for Mindful Inquiry: Using Reflective Journals to Scaffold an Autobiographical Approach to Learning in Economics (Daniel Blackshields); (4) Integrative Learning on a Criminal Justice Degree Programme (Sinead Conneely and Walter O'Leary); (5) The Use of Learning Journals in Legal Education as a Means of Fostering Integrative Learning through Pedagogy and Assessment (Shane Kilcommins); (6) Beyond Wikipedia and Google: Web-Based Literacies and Student Learning (James G.R. Cronin); (7) Archetype or for the Archive? Are Case Histories Suitable for Assessing Student Learning? (Martina Kelly, Deirdre Bennett and Suin O'Flynn); (8) The Arts in Education as an Integrative Learning Approach (Marian McCarthy); (9) Assessing the Role of Integrated Learning in the BSc International Field Geosciences (IFG) at University College Cork, Ireland (Pat Meere); (10) The Confluence of Professional Legal Training, ICT and Language Learning towards the Construction of Integrative Teaching and Learning (Maura Butler); (11) Integrative Learning with High Fidelity Simulation and Problem-Based Learning: An Evaluative Study (Nuala Walshe, Sinead O'Brien, Angela Flynn, Siobhan Murphy and Irene Hartigan); (12) Facilitating Learning through an Integrated Curriculum Design Driven by Problem-Based Learning: Perceptions of Speech and Language Therapy (Catharine Pettigrew); (13) Building Student Attributes for Integrative Learning (Bettie Higgs); and (14) End-Game: Good Beginnings are Not the Only Measure of Success (C. Anthony Ryan, Bettie Higgs and Shane Kilcommins). Each chapter contains tables/figures and references.

This document contains the following nine essays by fellows in the Mid-Career Fellowship Program at Princeton University, New Jersey: (1) Promotion Processes at the Public Community Colleges of New Jersey, by Harvey Braverman; (2) Plagiarism in ESL Contexts at the Community College, by Barrie Chi. Contains eight references; (3) Partnership and Collaborations: The Changing Face of Writing Across the Disciplines, by Frances Davidson. Contains 24 references. Survey instruments appended; (4) Conservation and Environmental Studies at the Community College, by Daniel Flisser. Contains eight references; (5) Engaging the Silent Student in the Community College: Student Reasoning and Faculty Prescriptions, by Christine Holzer-Hunt. Contains 18 references; (6) Considering Culture in the Community College Writing Classroom, by Colleen Lineberry. Contains 27 references; (7) A Critical Report on Introductory Economics at the Community College: Leveling the Playing Field for Minority Students, by Paula Manns. Contains 84 references; (8) Perceptions of Academic Freedom in Literature Classes: A Case Study at Bergen Community College, by Sarah Markgraf. Contains six references. Research instruments appended; and (9) Encouraging Disagreement and Challenge Among Community College Students: The Intersection of Critical Consciousness and Multiculturalism, by Anita Rosenblithe. Contains 54 references. (NB)

This publication is a collection of six essays on the goals and objectives of the introductory college-level economics course written by economic professors from all parts of the country. The purpose is to examine the introductory course in light of the need for clearly defined educational goals which will provide systematic guidelines for the selection of appropriate content, methods, and resource aids for teaching. The first paper comments on reasons for the growing dissatisfaction with the introductory course and discusses ways in which the "eclectic" approach to teaching may improve economics teaching. In the second paper, six different philosophies of economic education are described. The third paper describes the objectives and goals of a course which has as its primary goal the development of students' abilities to think critically about economic objectives. A student-centered, real problem-solving approach in economics teaching is presented in the fourth paper. The fifth essay reinforces the importance of having a philosophy and a set of goals for teaching economics. In the last essay, the authors identify the basic core of concepts and relationships that form the structure of economics. (RM)

Proceedings are presented of a 1977 conference about aspects of international trade negotiations of importance to developing countries. Participants included staff from Washington-based international organizations, various United States departments, Congressional staff, and students of the Foreign Service Institute. Transcripts of three addresses are presented, including comments by two respondents for each paper. The first paper considers special and differential (S&D) treatment measures for exports of developing countries to provide opportunities for improved market-access in developed countries' sectors where quantitative restrictions constitute an important obstacle to trade. The second paper discusses the international experience with safeguard actions under existing rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. It also makes recommendations to improve the functioning of the safeguard system including provisions of S&D treatment for developing countries. The third paper argues that an accepted element of any new agreement on the use of export subsidies and other promotion schemes should be that equity and international relations considerations justify a differential treatment for export promotion schemes adopted by developing countries. (Author/AV)

Areas of behavioral and social science research that have achieved significant breakthroughs in knowledge or application or that show future promise of achieving such breakthroughs are discussed in 12 papers. For example, the paper on formal demography shows how mathematical or statistical techniques can be used to explain and predict change in population characteristics. A paper dealing with behavior and health discusses several biological processes that link behavior to physical illnesses, including stress and such health-impairing habits as smoking, heavy drinking, poor diet, and lack of exercise. In another paper a social anthropologist explores the relationships between culture, social culture, personality, and experience. The remaining papers treat voting behavior research, the life-span approach, income inequality, advances in methods for large-scale surveys and experiments, psychophysics, reading as a cognitive process, property and territoriality, cognitive development in the first years of life, and behavior therapy. (RM)

Four philosophers, familiar with the work of economists, comment on the foundations and substance of applied economics. Joseph Pitt, in "Philosophy in Applied Economics," focuses on rationality and rational choice as a foundation for economics and stresses the idea of relevance in relating data to applied economics. He believes rational decision making is based on the notions that choice is necessary and possible and that behavior is predictable. However, Pitt considers the economic model a poor predictor of behavior. Allen Buchanan, in "Comparative Efficiency Judgements, Economics, and Political Philosophy," develops a rationale to show that there are fundamental obstacles to efficiency comparisons of entire economic systems and reviews market suppositions developed by economists and ethicists. Douglas MacLean and Claudia Mills examine the intellectual hazards of confusing normative and empirical statements about behavior in "Normative and Empirical Issues in Economic Theory: A Philosophical Examination." They consider prospect theory a possible solution to problems inherent in expected utility theory. All three papers provide comments on the model-making and testing processes of applied economics. "Postscript: The New Spirit of Inquiry in Economics and Philosophy," by Michael McPherson, considers the effects of economists' and philosophers' collaborative efforts. (JHP)

These proceedings, based on a symposium which examined the motivations, implications, accomplishments, and social impacts of the first 25 years in space, are presented in four sections. Section 1 includes an introduction by John Logsdon, a paper titled "Motivations for the Space Program: Past and Future" by Harvey Brooks, and comments by Bernard Schriever (considering military involvement in space after World War II) and Amitai Etzioni. Section 2 includes an introduction by Walter Sullivan, a paper titled "The Practical Dimensions of Space" by Simon Ramo, and comments by Roger Chevalier (considering the five issues raised in the paper) and Edwin Mansfield (focusing on the economic and commercial implications of the space program). Section 3 includes an introduction by Gerald Holton, a paper titled "Science and Space" by Freeman J. Dyson, and comments by Hendrik Van de Hulst and Gerald J. Wasserburg. Also included in each of these sections is a discussion related to the topic area under consideration. Concluding remarks by Philip Morrison are presented in the final section. (JN)

Papers included are as follows: "An Overview" (Ross); "The Outlook for Social Security in the Wake of the 1983 Amendments" (Munnell); "The Economics of Aging: Doomsday or Shangrila?" (Schulz); "Retirement Incentives--the Carrot and the Stick. (Why No One Works beyond 65 Anymore)" (Quinn); "Inflation and the Economic Well-Being of Older Americans" (Clark, Sumner); and "Over the Hill and Under the Weather: Age v. Health" (Berkowitz). (CML)

This paper provides a review of "Applied Economics," a curriculum package developed by Junior Achievement, Inc. (Colorado Springs, Colorado). The materials are used in high schools across the nation and provide students an opportunity to study economics, learn about the U.S. free enterprise system, and explore their roles as citizens, producers, and consumers. The unit contains interviews of personnel at the Tennessee Junior Achievement Office, a national program advisor, a local teacher who used the materials, and an administrator of the school where the teacher worked. In addition, the material reports on training for consultants, observing classes using the program, and perusing the materials distributed to participants. The overall evaluation of the program was positive and provided practical application and experience in textbook economics. Contains 16 references. (EH)

From 3rd to 5th March 2008 the International Association of Technology, Education and Development organised its International Technology, Education and Development Conference in Valencia, Spain. Over a hundred papers were presented by participants from a great variety of countries. Summarising, this book provides a kaleidoscopic view of work that is done, all over the world in (higher) education, characterised by the key words "Education" and "Development." The editor wishes the reader an enlightening experience. This book contains the following chapters: (1) Professional Prerequisites for Japanese Sea Officers--Professional Training School Requirements (Olivia C. Ogawa); (2) Improving General Cross-Curricular Skills in Attendance and Virtual Environments (Guadalupe Ortiz); (3) Smart Classroom Technology (Ciaran O'Driscoll); (4) Adaptive M-Learning (Ivan Carlos Alcantara de Oliveira and Jose Roberto de A. Amazonas); (5) Dynamic Mathematical Learning Tools: Does It Work For Malaysian Classroom Learners? (Rohani Ahmad Tarmizi, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub and Kamariah Abu Bakar); (6) On the Return to Geometry in Lecturing Technology (Francisco Mesa, Luis M. Marin and Antonio Gamez); (7) Delivering Synchronous and Asynchronous Educational Material in Conservation Science Using Various Communication Channels (Ioannis A. Kozaris and Evangelia A. Varella); (8) Impact of the New Economy on Business Informatics Education (Pere Tumbas, Otilija Sedlak and Predrag Matkovic); (9) Applying New Educational Methodologies in Overcrowded Groups: Experiences in Basic Mechanics (Marta C. Mora-Aguilar, J. L. Sancho-Bru and J.L. Iserte-Vilar); (10) The Use of SCORM in a Community Based Learning Management System (Luigi Colazzo, Andrea Molinari and Nicola Villa); (11) Product Design Teaching Processes Worldwide Analysis and Comparison for a Future On-line Design Studio (Serena Selva); (12) Longitudinal Analysis of Students' Readiness for b-Learning Courses: Implications for the European Higher Education Area (Jose Manuel Ortega Egea, Maria Victoria Roman Gonzalez, Pedro Eugenio and Gracia Vitoria); (13) Learning and Teaching Strategic Management: a Continuous Improvement (Cesar Camison-Zornoza, Montserrat Boronat-Navarro and Ana Villar-Lopez); (14) A Multidisciplinary Experience in the European Context (Maria Amalia Trillo Holgado, Roberto Espejo Mohedano and Cristina Maria Gamez-Fernandez); (15) ECTS: Teaching Innovation Experience in Business Administration at the Escuela Superior de Ingenieria (College of Engineering) in Cadiz (Angel Cervera Paz, Victor Perez Fernandez and Francisco Rubio Cuenca); (16) Adapting to the EHEA: a Case Study (Miguel Arevalillo-Herraez, Jose Manuel Claver and Alfredo Rosado-Munoz); (17) The Importance of Cooperative Work in the Faculty and in the Classroom (M. G. Montoya, R. Herrada, C. Gil, F. G. Montoya and A. Alias); (18) The Evaluation Carrousel: an Assessment Tool for Interdisciplinary Science Innovation Education (Adri Proveniers and Jan Westra); (19) Common Mistakes in the Application of Continuous Evaluation Methodologies in Spanish Universities (Juan M. Sanchez and Enriqueta Antico); (20) Verbal and Pictorial Stimulus of Package Design in Right-to-Left Languages According to Brain Laterality (Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee); (21) Research, Development and Technology Transfer (R & D & TT) in the Field of Engineering Materials and Related Technologies (Jaroslav Jerz); (22) How to Develop a University Educational Guide? Some Suggestions for its Graphic Design (Begona Jorda-Albinana, Olga Ampuero-Canellas, Jimena Gonzalez-del-Rio and Jose Armijo); (23) Providing Quality Research Supervision in Contemporary Graduate Schools: Empowering Research Graduates to Perform in the Knowledge Economy (Janet Carton, Steve Jerrams and Anthony Betts); (24) Knowledge in Technology Networks: A Case Study Based Institutional Approach (Michael Steiner, Christian Hartmann and Michael Ploder); (25) Higher Education Systems: Postsecondary Vocational & Technical Education Developments in Comparison (Peter A.J. Englert and Wolf Dieter Grossmann); (26) The Role of Diaspora Entrepreneur in the Advancement of Science and Technology: Knowledge Economy Perspective (Mervat Hatem Sharabati-Shahin); (27) Exploratory Investigation into Preservice Teachers' Career-Goal Contents and Their Relationships with Class Participation Motivation in Higher Education in South Africa (Byron Brown and Ntonghanwah Forcheh); (28) Automatic Classification of Language Learner Sentences into Native-like or Non-Native-like Based on Word Alignment Distribution (Katsunori Kotani, Takehiko Yoshimi, Takeshi Kutsumi and Ichiko Sata); and (29) Analysis of the Students' Socio-Demographic Profile (Oto Tezak).

The first of a series of annual reports for policy makers, this publication focuses on evaluating changes in the interplay between the world's changing resource base and the economic system. Following an overview, content is divided into 10 additional chapters covering population stabilization, the world's dependence on oil, soil conservation, forest protection, materials recycling, the economics of nuclear power, the development of renewable energy, the future of the automobile, the world food supply, and economic policy formulation. Each chapter is edited by a specialist in the field and contains several articles by different authors. Examples of subtopics considered within each chapter are: zero population growth and national fertility declines (population stabilization); petroleum substitutes and government regulations (oil dependence); acid rain and deforestation (forest conservation); waste paper, aluminum, iron, and steel (recycling efforts); wind, solar, and geothermal energy (renewable energy); and national priorities and "guns or butter" (economic policy formulation). A list of tables and figures, footnotes, and an index are included. (LP)

This resource book is part of a program that was designed to advance a comprehensive curriculum development program for West Virginia in the area of conflicting ideologies. The resource book for secondary social studies teachers and administrators is concerned with basic information and teaching materials pertaining to the evolution of communism and the development of the political and economic institutions in the United States. Its purpose is to help teachers develop appropriate units for their classes, not to impose an instructional program on them. The source book is applicable to any teacher interested in teaching about communism. The contents of the book reflect the cooperative work of the project consultants and teachers. The first five chapters consist of topical summary papers by the consultants: Marxism-Leninism; the Bolshevik Revolution and development of Soviet communism; world communism; the Soviet communist regime; and political and economic institutions of the United States. These chapters are intended for teacher background information, not as student reading. The concluding chapter, prepared by the cooperating teachers, lists instructional materials by sections organized according to the first five chapter topics. Each section recommends bibliographies, teaching concepts, key terms, classroom activities, discussion questions, and educational media materials. (ND)