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This volume is composed of 13 comparable longitudinal studies that draw on survey data and case studies of young people in Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. "Introduction: Transitions to Employment in a Cross-National Perspective" (Walter R. Heinz) provides a context and an overview. Part I has four chapters that discuss the relationships among social origin, gender, and transition patterns in a period of shifting job opportunities: "Social and Geographical Mobility 20 Years after High School" (Paul Anisef, Anton H. Turrittin, Zeng Lin); "Diverse Directions: Young Adults' Multiple Transitions" (Victor Thiessen, E. Dianne Looker); "New Routes to Employment: Integration and Exclusion" (John Bynner); and "From Education to Employment: Occupations and Careers in the Social Transformation of East Germany" (Ansgar Weymann). Five chapters in part II focus on the extent to which work experiences, skills, and credentials build bridges between school and the labor market: "Adolescent Part-Time Work and Postsecondary Transition Pathways in the United States" (Jeylan T. Mortimer, Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson); "Multiple Life-Sphere Participation by Young Adults" (Lesley Andres); "The Subbaccalaureate Labor Market in the United States: Challenges for the School-to-Work Transition" (W. Norton Grubb); "Creating New Pathways to Adulthood by Adapting German Apprenticeship in the United States" (Stephen F. Hamilton, Mary Agnes Hamilton); and "Job-Entry Patterns in a Life-Course Perspective" (Walter R. Heinz). Part III has four chapters that concern more theoretically oriented analyses of the changes in transition organization and options in (post-)industrial service societies: "Institutional Networks and Informal Strategies for Improving Work Entry for Youths" (James E. Rosenbaum); "School-to-Work Transitions and Postmodern Values: What's Changing in Canada?" (Harvey Krahn, Graham S. Lowe); "Education and Employment in Great Britain: The Polarizing Impact of the Market" (Frank Coffield); and "From Systems to Networks: The Reconstruction of Youth Transitions in Europe" (Lynne Chisholm). The book contains 531 references and an index. (YLB)

The second volume of the Commission on Education for Health Administration's report contains papers generated to supplement other commission efforts, in areas that seemed to need special attention, and in which special expertise was available. The first three papers are reports on research projects undertaken by commission members in fields of their special interest and knowledge: public accountability, use of specialists in health administration practice, and supply and demand for administrative personnel. The results of five questionnaire surveys on existing graduate and undergraduate health administration education programs, and on how graduate students, graduate program graduates, and employers of those graduates view current and needed educational offerings are reported in the fourth paper. The fifth paper presents a preliminary inquiry into the identification and interpretation of practicing administrators' roles and day-to-day responsibilities. The final eight papers, presented at the Institute on New Approaches to Education for Health Administration, cover the following aspects of health administration education and practice: public accountability and human services orientation, health rather than illness focus, generic versus specialist aspects, the future administrator as viewed by others, credentialing, career mobility and lifelong learning, issues and educational implications, and the organizational network of education. (Author/MS)

This book contains six presentations from the American Society of Training and Development National Conference in St. Louis. The paper, Career Development, Personal Growth, and Experiential Learning, sees learning as the central task of career development, with experiential learning theory providing a framework for mapping career changes and a context for changing needs for personal development. Problem Solving, Creativity, and Cognitive Style examines factors entering into creative problem solving. Two aspects of creative problem solving are discussed which are related to individual differences in cognitive styles. Occupational Adaptability and Transferable Skills: Preparation for Tomorrow's Career discusses the need for a variety of skills and abilities (developed through both work and non-work experiences) and occupational adaptability and flexibility and relates them to the current research program at the National Center for Research in Vocational Education. Situational Influences on Women's Career Development explores situation variables, such as social-structural and life cycle. Training: A Means, Not an End suggests selecting intended results in terms of current and future societal requirements. Demystifying Research in Human Resource Development--Simplified Research Guidelines provides a set of systematic procedures for obtaining information when there are not enough resources to conduct a full-scale study. (YLB)

The evolution of jobs and the job market in the United States was examined in a 3-year project during which a task force consisting of 25 representatives of the education, labor, business, and policy sectors organized 17 workshops and commissioned working papers from experts. The project began by examining how recent changes in the world of work have undermined the old assumptions regarding the labor market and altered the social contract that traditionally existed between employers and employees. The project resulted in a vision in which all stakeholders in the U.S. labor market assume new roles in the labor market by reasserting and recommitting to the following values and cultural traditions that have historically served as the U.S. labor market's moral grounding: work as a source of dignity; diversity and equality of opportunity; solidarity and equality of opportunity; and voice and participation. Specific roles for the following entities in addressing the issues of low-income labor markets, worker mobility, and work-family concerns were outlined: corporations; unions; new intermediaries (worker advocacy groups and organizations; immigrant groups; living-wage coalitions; advocates of work-family polices and practices; and education, training, and lifelong learning organizations); and government. (Lists of the task force members and project participants are appended, and 141 endnotes are included.) (MN)

This symposium on career development issues consists of three presentations. "Career Development: What Is Its Role in Human Resource Development (HRD)?" (Mary Allyn Boudreaux) explores the role of career development theory and research in the field of HRD. Definitions of HRD are provided, and the status of career theory and research and its application to HRD are examined. "Free Agent Learners: The New Career Model and Its Impact on HRD" (Darren Short, Rose Opengart) reports these findings of qualitative research aimed at exploring the free agent concept and these implications for HRD: free agents operating outside of knowledge industries, the importance of learning to free agents, career support for employees, and HRD shifting its focus from training towards learning. "Career Development Through Informal Learning: A Review of the Literature" (Toni Powell, Betty Hubschman, Madeleine Doran) presents a review of recent studies pointing to the disappearance of career development in contemporary organizations. Other studies included in this review suggest that the need for the career development function still exists. It presents a model that links the HRD practitioner to a re-formed career development function through informal learning and concludes with several suggestions for future research. All three papers include substantial bibliographies. (YLB)

"Research messages 2011" is a collection of summaries of research projects published by National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) in 2011. The publication also has an overview essay that captures the themes and highlights from the research for the year, including: (1) the initial education and training of young people and their pathways to employment; (2) apprenticeships and traineeships, with a particular focus on completions; (3) the ongoing education and training of the learner groups--namely older workers, people with a disability, low paid workers and the unemployed; (4) trends in the labour market, including labour mobility, skills mismatch and skills shortages; (5) the role of vocational education and training (VET) in innovation and workforce development; and (6) methodological and measurement issues. This paper presents the following summaries: (1) Highlights for 2011 (Georgina Atkinson); (2) As clear as mud: defining vocational education and training (Tom Karmel); (3) The attitudes of people with a disability to undertaking VET training (Lisa Nechvoglod and Tabatha Griffin); (4) Attrition in the trades (Tom Karmel, Patrick Lim and Josie Misko); (5) Building innovation capacity: the role of human capital formation in enterprises--a review of the literature (Andrew Smith, Jerry Courvisanos, Jacqueline Tuck and Steven McEachern); (6) Building the foundations: outcomes from the adult language, literacy and numeracy search conference (National Centre for Vocational Education Research); (7) The challenge of measurement: statistics for planning human resource development (Tom Karmel); (8) Differing skill requirements across countries and over time (Chris Ryan and Mathias Sinning); (9) Does changing your job leave you better off? A study of labour mobility in Australia, 2002 to 2008 (Ian Watson); (10) Does combining school and work affect school and post-school outcomes? (Alison Anlezark and Patrick Lim); (11) Education and training and the avoidance of financial disadvantage (Gary N. Marks); (12) Effect of the downturn on apprentices and trainees (Tom Karmel and Damian Oliver); (13) The effect of VET completion on the wages of young people (Nicolas Herault, Rezida Zakirova and Hielke Buddelmeyer); (14) Embedding learning from formal training into sustained behavioural change in the workplace (Cheryle Barker); (15) Enabling the effective take-up of e-learning by custodial officers (Malcolm Reason); (16) E-waste management in the VET environment (Virginia Waite); (17) Fostering enterprise: the innovation and skills nexus--research readings (Penelope Curtin, John Stanwick and Francesca Beddie); (18) From education to employment: how long does it take? (Darcy Fitzpatrick, Laurence Lester, Kostas Mavromaras, Sue Richardson and Yan Sun); (19) Getting tough on missing data: a boot camp for social science researchers (Sinan Gemici, Alice Bednarz and Patrick Lim); (20) How VET responds: a historical policy perspective (Robin Ryan); (21) The impact of wages and the likelihood of employment on the probability of completing an apprenticeship or traineeship (Tom Karmel and Peter Mlotkowski); (22) Individual-based completion rates for apprentices (Tom Karmel); (23) Initial training for VET teachers: a portrait within a larger canvas (Hugh Guthrie, Alicen McNaughton and Tracy Gamlin); (24) Juggling work, home and learning in low-paid occupations: a qualitative study (Barbara Pocock, Jude Elton, Deborah Green, Catherine McMahon and Suzanne Pritchard); (25) Lost talent? The occupational ambitions and attainments of young Australians (Joanna Sikora and Lawrence J. Saha); (26) Mapping adult literacy performance (Michelle Circelli, David D. Curtis and Kate Perkins); (27) The master artisan: a framework for master tradespeople in Australia (Karen O'Reilly-Briggs); (28) Measuring the quality of VET using the Student Outcomes Survey (Wang-Sheng Lee and Cain Polidano); (29) Measuring the socioeconomic status of Australian youth (Patrick Lim and Sinan Gemici); (30) The mobile worker: concepts, issues, implications (Richard Sweet); (31) Moving the fence posts: learning preferences of part-time agriculture students (Alan Woods); (32) Musing budding musos: the role of peer mentoring in learning to be a contemporary musician (Ross Stagg); (33) Older workers: research readings (Tabatha Griffin and Francesca Beddie); (34) Outcomes from combining work and tertiary study (Cain Polidano and Rezida Zakirova); (35) Outcomes of stakeholder consultations to identify the LSAY analytical program for 2011-13 (National Centre for Vocational Education Research); (36) Over-skilling and job satisfaction in the Australian labour force (Kostas Mavromaras, Seamus McGuinness, Sue Richardson, Peter Sloane and Zhang Wei); (37) Pathways: developing the skills of the Australian workforce (Hugh Guthrie, John Stanwick and Tom Karmel); (38) Plumbing, sustainability and training (Sian Halliday-Wynes and John Stanwick); (39) Pre-apprenticeship training activity (Paul Foley and Davinia Blomberg); (40) Pre-apprenticeships and their impact on apprenticeship completion and satisfaction (Tom Karmel and Damian Oliver); (41) Pre-vocational programs and their impact on traineeship completion and satisfaction (Damian Oliver and Tom Karmel); (42) Review of the Survey of Employer Use and Views of the VET System: outcomes from the discussion paper (National Centre for Vocational Education Research); (43) The role of VET in workforce development: a story of conflicting expectations (Tanya Bretherton); (44) The shifting demographics and lifelong learning (Tom Karmel); (45) Skill (mis-)matches and over-education of younger workers (Chris Ryan and Mathias Sinning); (46) Skill shortages in the trades during economic downturns (Damian Oliver); (47) Social capital and young people: do young people's networks improve their participation in education and training? (Ronnie Semo and Tom Karmel); (48) To gain, retain and retrain: the role of post-school education for people with a disability (Cain Polidano and Ha Vu); (49) Understanding and improving labour mobility: a scoping paper (John Buchanan, Susanna Baldwin and Sally Wright); (50) Understanding the psychological contract in apprenticeships and traineeships to improve retention (Erica Smith, Arlene Walker and Ros Brennan Kemmis); (51) Understanding the undertow: innovative responses to labour market disadvantage and VET (Tanya Bretherton); (52) VET and the diffusion and implementation of innovation in the mining, solar energy and computer games sectors (Robert Dalitz, Phillip Toner and Tim Turpin); (53) The vocational equivalent to Year 12 (Patrick Lim and Tom Karmel); (54) Vocational qualifications, employment status and income: 2006 census analysis (Anne Daly); (55) Weighting the LSAY Programme of International Student Assessment cohorts (Patrick Lim); (56) What is a practical, effective and sustainable approach to leadership development at the Canberra Institute of Technology? (Coralie Daniels); (57) Which paths work for which young people? (Tom Karmel and Shu-Hui Liu); (58) Work, life and VET participation amongst lower-paid workers (Barbara Pocock, Natalie Skinner, Catherine McMahon and Suzanne Pritchard); and (59) Year 12 completion and youth transitions (Chris Ryan). [For the previous edition, "Research Messages 2010," see ED517177.]

This document contains two papers that examine mobility and migration of labor in the European Union and discuss specific implications for young people. The "Foreword" (Jordi Planas) examines the practical and symbolic role that establishment of the right to freedom of movement for European citizens plays in the process of construction of the European Union. "Mobility and Migration of Labour in the European Union" (Alexandro Tassinopoulos, Heinz Werner) summarizes available literature on labor mobility and migration in Europe, provides a historical review of statistics on migration in Europe, and examines the implications of mobility and migration for education and training. The paper contains 127 references and 29 tables/charts. Appended are a discussion of classifying migrational movements and an executive summary of a panel report on free movement of persons. In "Support for Transnational Mobility for Young People" (Soren Kristensen), the following topics are examined: potential forms of transnational mobility among young people within vocational education and training; legal and administrative obstacles to mobility in various fields; obstacles to mobility that stem from the culture and attitudes of young people to transnational mobility and to their aptitude. The paper contains 17 references. (MN)

This compilation of four papers examines past and current retirement policies for the elderly and the implications of these policies for labor supply job choice, and educational planning for the elderly. The first paper, by Jennifer Warlick, presents a review of past federal policies on retirement and a discussion of proposed policy changes. Richard Burkhauser, in the second paper, focuses on the effect of retirement policies on labor force participation and labor supply behavior; recommendations of three presidential commissions on work-related issues are discussed. The third paper, by Tabitha Doescher and John Turner, analyzes job choice and the effect of pension policies on occupational mobility. In the last paper Alan Sheppard discusses the need for vocational educators to design effective programs to support and retrain the elderly during this period of transition. Finally, conclusions drawn from the four papers are presented: (1) federal policies affecting the elderly have never been coordinated and program goals never specified; (2) business and government policies penalize older people who want to work; and (3) policies have generally overlooked vocational education as an important support for the elderly. An extensive bibliography concludes the document. (CT)

This book draws upon and extends a number of existing debates in the area of careers and opens additional dialogues on the future of working life. The book contains 13 papers, organized in three parts and an Introduction. The Introduction contains one paper, "Topics for Conversation: Career Themes Old and New" (Maury A. Peiperl and Michael B. Arthur). Part 1, Career Theory: Where Do We Go from Here? includes the following four papers: "Career Boundaries in a 'Boundaryless' World" (Hugh Gunz, Martin Evans, and Michael Jalland); "Motivation Selection Connection: An Evolutionary Model of Career Development" (Nigel Nicholson); "Performance, Learning and Development as Modes of Growth and Adaptation Throughout Our Lives and Careers" (Richard E. Boyatzis and David A. Kolb); and"Careers, Organizing, and Community" (Polly Parker and Michael B. Arthur). Part II, Knowledge Workers: Professionals in the Post-Corporate Age," includes the following four papers: "Theories of Managerial Action and Their Impact on the Conceptualization of Executive Careers" (Jose Luis Alvarez); "Promotion Policies and Knowledge Bases in the Professional Service Firm" (Timothy Morris); "The 'Architecture' of Careers: How Career Competencies Reveal Firm Dominant Logic in Professional Services" (Candace Jones and Benyamin M. Bergmann Lichtenstein); and "Career as Life Path: Tracing Work and Life Strategies of Biotech Professionals" (Susan C. Eaton and Lotte Bailyn). The final section, Work and Non-Work: Boundaries and Cultures, also includes four papers: "Living Lives of Change: Examining Facets of Women Managers' Career Stories" (Judi Marshall); "Exploring Boundaryless Careers in the French Context" (Loic Cadin, Anne-Francoise Bailly-Bender; and Veronique de Saint-Giniez); "Career Community, and Social Architecture: An Exploration of Concepts" (Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones); and "Continuing the Conversation about Career Theory and Practice" (Michael B. Arthur and Maury A. Peiperl). The papers contain extensive references. The book is indexed by name and by subject, and contact information for the authors is included. (KC)

Originally presented as lectures at Georgia State University in 1982, these three papers address the themes of multiethnic societies in the United States and Great Britain. In the first paper "Identity, Conflict, and Survival Mechanisms for Asian Americans," the author discusses how the observable patterns of mobility through education and community development are consequences of meaningful action and interaction among millions of Asian Americans over time. Cultural identity and the process of assimilation of Caribbean Americans is the focus of the second paper. The barriers to assimilation faced by many Caribbean migrants have caused many of them to question the viability of this goal and to turn to ethnic bargaining as a way of competing for political strength and survival in the United States. The third paper examines British racial and educational policies in the 1960s and 1970s. The evolution of Britain into a multiracial society has been marked by ambiguity in policy that has been both welcoming and resistant (and sometimes racist). British education has, most of the time, paid lip service to the goals of multiracism, while being less than positive in its pursuit. (RM)

Chapter 6 of the book "Decent Working Time: New Trends, New Issues," edited by Jean-Yves Boulin, Michel Lallement, Jon C. Messenger, and François Michon is presented. It discusses the occupational mobility and labour supply preferences of employees in the Netherlands. It reports on the studies which resulted to the passage of the Adjustment of Working Hours Act in the Netherlands in July 2000 to address part-time workers. The changes caused by the Act passage were also discussed.

Chapter 5 of the book "Social Inequality in Vietnam & the Challenges to Reform," is presented. It examines the role of human capital and political capital in the development of inter-generational occupational mobility in northern Vietnam. It focuses on the prolonged war experienced by Vietnamese society. It asserts that this peculiar experience of prolonged war has definite impact on social inequality in Vietnam. It discusses how military service correlates to political-capital attainment and occupational mobility.