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This anniversary volume of the Association for the Teaching of Spanish in Higher Education in the United Kingdom is a compilation of contributions made by members and delegates at the 2019 ELEUK annual conference held at the University of Edinburgh. Throughout the book, authors share their teaching, assessment, and research practice in the area of Spanish Language Teaching (SLT). From strategies to enhance student engagement and foster student agency to reflections on language teaching practice from diverse angles, these nine short papers contribute to current debates around foreign language pedagogy, with a focus on teaching Spanish in the higher education context. [For the two out of nine papers in this volume written in English, see ED606533 and ED606534.]

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide clear targets and areas of focus for international organizations such as the World Bank. At a conceptual level, to reduce poverty and hunger, to improve education and health indicators, and to promote gender equality and sustainable development, countries can either increase the resources they allocate to these objectives, or increase the efficiency with which they use their available resources. The four papers presented in this study deal with the second option: increasing the efficiency of countries, and of decentralized entities within countries, in producing good outcomes with their available resources. The first two papers "Measuring and Explaining Country Efficiency in Improving Health and Education Indicators" and "Measuring and Explaining the Impact of Productive Efficiency on Economic Development" use country-level data to analyze the efficiency of countries for improving health, education, and GDP outcomes. The last two papers "Reaching Health and Education Targets in Argentina: A Provincial-Level Analysis" and "Development Targets and Efficiency in Improving Education and Health Outcomes in Mexico's Southern States" use within-country data on health and education from Argentina and Mexico to look at the same issues. Together, the four papers suggest that apart from increasing inputs, it is necessary to improve efficiency to reach the MDGs. Includes 18 notes and an extensive number of tables, figures, and boxes. Each paper contains references. (BT)

This collection of case studies is special for several reasons. Firstly, because of the geographical and institutional diversity of the authors, bringing together experiences of teaching under COVID-19 restrictions in the university language classroom from 18 countries and five continents. Secondly, the publication is interesting because of the variety of case studies that testify to different strategies and emphases in dealing with pandemic-related challenges. Finally, the case studies collected strikingly demonstrate the creative responses of language teachers in a variety of contexts to meet the challenges of the pandemic crisis (Dr. Sabina Schaffner). [Financial support was provided by the University of Cambridge Language Centre and RUDN University, Moscow. This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This volume collects several case studies on the relationship between government and higher education in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In particular these studies ask whether specific forms of government regulation help to solve the crisis of higher education in the developing world better than other forms of regulation. The papers are: "Government and Higher Education in Developing Nations: A Conceptual Framework" (G. Neave and F. van Vught); "Ghana: Relations between Government and Universities" (A. Sawyerr); "Kenya: Management of Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Relationship between the Government and Higher Education" (I. M. Omari); "Tanzania: The State and Higher Education" (J. C. Sivalon and B. Cooksey); "Uganda: Higher Education and the State" (T. O. Eisemon); "People's Republic of China: Autonomy and Accountability: An Analysis of the Changing Relationships between the Government and Universities" (W. Min); "India: Government and Higher Education" (T. Majumdar); "Philippines: The Anatomy of the Government-Higher Education Relationship" (A. Gonzalez); "Singapore: University Autonomy versus State Control: The Singapore Experience" (V. Selvaratnam); "Argentina: The Federal Government and the Universities": (C. Marquis); "Brazil: Higher Education and Government" (S. Schwartzman and L. Klein); "Chile: Government and Higher Education" (J. J. Brunner); "Mexico: Towards State Supervision? Changing Patterns of Governance in Mexican Higher Education" (D. C. Levy); "Conclusion" (G. Neave and F. van Vught). Contains a subject index. Most papers contain references. (JB)

Chapter 5 of the book "Sustainability Challenges and Solutions at the Base of the Pyramid: Business, Technology and the Poor," edited by Prabhu Kandachar and Minna Halme is presented. It explores the difficulties encountered by Edenor SA as a result of the profound socioeconomic crisis suffered by Argentina in 2001. It examines how the company manages such problems. It highlights the country's socioeconomic framework after the crisis and its effects on the company.

This chapter offer a history of church-state relations in Argentina that includes discussion of the growing power of Protestant evangelicals and Pentecostals. Argentina is a Catholic nation, but the Catholic influence is waning somewhat in the face of the dramatic growth of Protestants, who exert some political influence there. Also, some of the controversial new religious movements (NRMs) from the U.S. have come to Argentina and played a role in developments there, as they have become the poster children of an alleged invasion of the sects into Argentina fomented by the mass media and anti-cult movement there. But, in part because of political cover offered by the growing power of Protestants in Argentina, the NRMs have managed to protect themselves reasonably well, although not without some problematic and discriminatory episodes of regulation and control.

The article looks into role of the politics of masculine silence in the cases of rape and other sex crimes in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Argentina. The author argued that laws governing sex crimes were not designed to protect women from sexual aggression. Furthermore, such laws were enacted to keep sexual crimes from being reported, discussed, and adjudicated. The promotion of masculine silences ensured patriarchal men that their sexual secrets would not be made public. Such concepts are also attributed to the concept of honor. Finally, the author discusses the historical circumstances behind the development of laws on rape and other sexual crimes.

Chapter 11 of Part III of the book "They Built Utopia: The Jesuit Missions in Paraguay 1610-1768" is presented. It accounts the Special Instructions for the Expulsion of the Jesuits from His Majesty's Dominions in the Indies received by Buenos Aires, Argentina Governor Francisco de Paula y Ursua Bucareli on June 7, 1767. Accordingly, the opening of the towns to Spanish merchants who could deal directly with the Indians with supervision by the administrator is the most far-reaching reform introduced by Bucareli.

Chapter 4 of Part III of the book "They Built Utopia: The Jesuit Missions in Paraguay 1610-1768" is presented. It mentions the return home of La Plata Captain General Pedro de Ceballos in Buenos Aires, Argentina in early 1764 to recuperate after his continuous campaigning. Also, the chapter highlights the visit made by Fathers Josée de Robles and Domingo Muriel to Ceballos and their conversation about the fathers' appointment as procurators for Rome, Italy and Madrid, Spain.

Chapter 11 of the second part of the book "They Built Utopia: The Jesuit Missions in Paraguay 1610-1768" is presented. The article focuses on the selection of Don Pedro de Ceballos as the new governor of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It discusses the missions of Ceballos including the arrest of the most compromised Jesuits for trial and removal of the Padres from the missions.

A chapter of the book "The Semiotics of a Bourgeois Society: An Analysis of the "Aguafertes Porteñas" is presented. It focuses on the serio-comic nature of Roberto Arlt's essays. It cites that the fact that his essays are dated can assist the reader in determining events that transpired in Buenos Aires, Argentina around those dates and how they may relate to the texts. The use of dialect in some of the essays is also explored.

The article profiles Manuel J. Menchaca, Argentine politician who is associated with the vernacular and scientific taxonomy of the Freshwater Stingray sp. Potamotrygon menchacai Achenbach.

One of the larger of the native peoples of South America, the Araucanians include different ethnic subgroups, some of which are now extinct. Once geographically spread extensively over the southern cone of South America, at present they are reduced to only two closely related groups: (1) the Mapuche of southern Chile, the largest one; and (2) the Argentinian Araucanians of the southwestern Neuquen province. These groups share the problems of misery, pauperization, unemployment and economic exploitation of the working masses of the Chilean people, especially of the peasantry to which class most of them belong. They are also the object of racial discrimination. Consequently, they are subject to a double exploitation. Although principally their problem is a socioeconomic one, it is aggravated by the racial discrimination against them; consequently, they also have problems of lack of ethnic freedom and absence of equal opportunities for cultural expression. With special emphasis on the large Chilean Mapuche group, this paper discusses the: origin and evolution of Araucanian society, traditional Araucanian culture and society, sociocultural changes in the reservation system, demographic aspect, impact of agrarian reforms, and counter agrarian reform and the Indian communities. (Author/NQ)

This booklet, prepared for the 1977 World Day of Peace, examines the growing use of torture by governments around the world. It specifically focuses on torture and imprisonment of political prisoners as systematic violations of human rights. The booklet includes: a background essay which discusses human rights in the context of U.S. foreign policy; a paraliturgy section; an essay of the technology of torture; five case studies; a study and action guide; and a resource section. Argentina, Czechosolvakia, Indonesia, Iran, and South Africa are the five countries selected for the case studies. They were chosen with these criteria in mind: severe and persistant human rights violations; geographic distribution; and relationship to the United States aid and trade policies. The study and action guide outlines the procedures for the adoption of a political prisoner and gives suggestions and ideas for ongoing discussion and action related to the prisoner. Organizations, books, periodicals, and foreign embassies concerned with human rights are listed in the resource section. Though written from a religious point of view, this booklet is appropriate for all groups concerned with human rights. (Author/JK)