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Having dealt with social structures and processes internal to rural society in Locorotondo, it is now appropriate to turn to questions of the relations of that society with the town and, through it, with broader levels of social and political organization and various institutions in Italian society. Such relationships have changed during the post Second World War era, and rural society in Locorotondo in the early 1980s consisted of people having a variety of ways of relating to the town and urban worlds. Attitudes among many, including the older generations of country dwellers, appeared to differ little from the kinds of diffident attitudes town, and some country, people suggested were common before the significant changes of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Other people, some of them older but most of them representatives of newer more cosmopolitan generations of country-raised folk, are clearly much more at home operating in the town and urban worlds. This chapter will first explore the question of peasant education and exposure to information coming from urban centers. It will also deal with peasant attitudes toward the town population of Locorotondo and, vice versa, artisan attitudes toward the peasantry. Lastly, the discussion will show how political relationships between town and country evolved during this century, most particularly after the Second World War, when the new republican government and broadly extended franchise created intense rivalries for electoral support and the need for men of power to invent new strategies to ensure peasant votes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]