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This publication presents research on the first peasants of the Linear Pottery group in Brandenburg, northern Germany. The region is of particular interest because it is situated in the absolute periphery of the Linear Pottery area. The volume combines the results on settlement features, pottery and stone tools with archaeobotanical and archaeozoological studies on the diet and economy of these Neolithic people with focus on the site of Lietzow 10. This holistic approach fulfils a research desideratum, because the state of knowledge about such enclaves of agricultural life in the midst of the settlement area of forager groups is still incomplete. The excavation of the site Lietzow 10 yielded features from which a settlement site with two farmsteads could be reconstructed, which was inhabited for 2-3 generations. Large quantities of pottery were found, according to typology dating into the period around 5100 to 5000 BCE at the latest, i.e. to the younger LBK. Several radiocarbon dates support this chronological classification and confirm the Linear Pottery chronologies from Central Germany for Brandenburg features. Despite its peripheral location, the settlement site was by no means isolated; the pottery finds even attest to long-distance contacts. The supply of raw material for the stone implements points to a regional network, for flint and grindstone raw material were not extracted in the vicinity of the site, but were apparently mined some distance away. The archaeozoological and archaeobotanical investigations - for the latter, samples from other Neolithic settlements in Havelland were also available - provide insights into the economic practices and diet of the settlers. The cereals found were almost exclusively emmer, other crops were flax and pea. Animal husbandry was of outstanding importance for the food supply. Among the domestic animals, cattle probably played the greatest economic role, but pigs and small ruminants were also significant. Both, the crop and the domestic animal evidence show a fully developed agriculture. In addition, there is evidence for extensive gathering. Hunting - unlike fishing - did not play a major role in the diet, although wide range of game species is represented.

The cemetery with 208 cremations and 49 inhumations was in use from the end of the 1st Century AD until the beginning of the 5th Century AD and provides an insight into burial customs and burial rites in a rural necropolis aver a period of more than 300 years. In addition to an archaeological-cultural-historical evaluation, the work includes scientific analyses oftextile remains, colour pigments and human and animal bones., Das Gräberfeld mit 208 Brand- und 49 Körperbestattungen war vom ausgehenden 1. Jh. n. Chr. bis in den Beginn des 5. Jhs. belegt und gibt einen Einblick in Bestattungsbrauchtum und Beigabensitten in einer ländlichen Nekropole über mehr als 300 Jahre hindurch. Neben einer archäologisch-kulturhistorischen Auswertung beinhaltet die Arbeit naturwissenschaftliche Analysen von Textilresten, Farbpigmenten sowie menschlichen Knochen und Tierknochen.

In Julius Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War, the term “oppidum” – used to designate any fortified community – indicates those particular Gaulish sites which are characterized both by a strong tendency to social cohesion and the development of a centralized territorial policy. From a chronological point of view, these sites are limited to a very precise period: the two last centuries BCE, from La Tène D1 to La Tène D2 (120–30 BCE). The purpose of this study is to define the role of animal production within the new urban structures. Hence, the research focuses on the specific economical aspect of meat resources and their management: what is the place of this activity in the economy of Gaulish peoples? Is it possible to detect within the sites any precise organisation in sectors in relation to the butchering activities? What about the meat imports and, consequently, the interactions between the communities and the sites of production? Who was the target of the produced food resources? Were they part of some large-scale “sales strategy”. The research aims to approach these economic issues through the study of the fauna remains recovered mostly from Condé-sur-Suippe, in the territory of the Remi, and also from Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, the capital of the Suessiones. Dating respectively from 120 to 90 BCE and from 90 to 40 BCE, these fortified communities are among the most important in Europe, not only because of their size and of the exceptional conservation of their town planning but also because of their almost unequalled faunal wealth. The comparison between the two sites and their neighbours, i.e. contemporaneous rural sites of an a priori inferior status will hence attempt to cast a new light on the economic role of these fortified communities which are the outcome of a long stratification process within the Gaulish society., Dans les Commentaires de la guerre des Gaules de César, le terme d’”oppidum” – qui désigne dans ces écrits toute forme d’agglomération fortifiée – est utilisé afin de décrire ces sites gaulois particuliers qui témoignent à la fois d’un fort élan de cohésion sociale et du développement d’une politique territoriale centralisée. D’un point de vue chronologique, ce type de site s’inscrit dans un cadre précis : celui des deux derniers siècles avant notre ère, soit le La Tène D1 et le La Tène D2. L’étude ici entreprise vise à aborder la question de la compréhension du rôle des productions animales au sein de ces nouvelles formes d’urbanisation. L’enquête cherche ainsi à recentrer la problématique sur un aspect économique spécifique, celui des ressources carnées et de leur gestion : quelle est la part prise par cette production dans l’économie générale des populations gauloises ? Peut-on entrevoir, au sein des sites, une sectorisation stricte des quartiers en fonction des activités bouchères pratiquées ? Qu’en est-il des importations carnées et donc des interactions entre agglomérations et sites producteurs ? À qui ces ressources alimentaires produites étaient-elles destinées ? S’inscrivaient-elles dans une démarche ”commerciale” à grande échelle ? L’enquête projetée entend ainsi envisager ces problématiques économiques par le biais de l’étude de la faune provenant principalement de Condé-sur-Suippe, localisé sur le territoire des Rèmes, et de Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, capitale du peuple suession. Respectivement datées de 120 à 90 et de 90 à 40 av. n. è., ces agglomérations fortifiées figurent parmi les plus importantes d’Europe, non seulement en raison de leur taille et de la conservation exceptionnelle des plans d’urbanisme mais aussi en raison de leur richesse faunique presque inégalée. Des comparaisons entre les deux sites étudiés et leurs voisins, à savoir les sites ruraux synchrones de statut a priori inférieur, tendrait ainsi à éclairer d’un jour nouveau le rôle de ces agglomérations fortifiées qui matérialisent l’aboutissement d’un long processus de stratification de la société gauloise.

The final and comprehensive publication of the archaeological results of excavations by the Austrian Archaeological Institute at the site of Ezbet Rushdi (area “R/I”) within the broader archaeological region of Tell el-Daba in the eastern Nil-delta. A Temple and a settlement site were investigated, both of Middle Kingdom origin., Die finale umfassende Publikation der Ergebnisse der Grabungen des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts im Gebiet von Ezbet Ruschdi (Areal R/I) bei Tell el-Dab’a im östlichen Nildelta, Ägypten. Ein Tempel und eine Siedlungsagglomeration wurden untersucht, die beide aus dem Mittleren Reich stammen.

The final and comprehensive publication of the archaeological results of excavations by the Austrian Archaeological Institute at the site of Ezbet Rushdi (area “R/I”) within the broader archaeological region of Tell el-Daba in the eastern Nil-delta. A Temple and a settlement site were investigated, both of Middle Kingdom origin., Die finale umfassende Publikation der Ergebnisse der Grabungen des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts im Gebiet von Ezbet Ruschdi (Areal R/I) bei Tell el-Dab’a im östlichen Nildelta, Ägypten. Ein Tempel und eine Siedlungsagglomeration wurden untersucht, die beide aus dem Mittleren Reich stammen.

In this book an analysis of over 300 animal bone assemblages from English Saxon and Scandinavian sites is presented. The data set is summarised in extensive tables for use as comparanda for future archaeozoological studies. Animals in Saxon and Scandinavian England takes as its core four broad areas of analysis. The first is an investigation of the diet of the population, and how food was used to establish social boundaries. Increasingly diverse diets are recognised, with high-status populations distinguishing themselves from other social sectors through the way food was redistributed and the diversity of taxa consumed. Secondly, the role of animals in the economy is considered, looking at how animal husbandry feeds into underlying modes of production throughout the Saxon period. From the largely self-sufficient early Saxon phase animal husbandry becomes more specialised to supply increasingly urban settlements. The ensuing third deliberation takes into account the foodways and interactions between producer and consumer sites, considering the distribution of food and raw materials between farm, table and craft worker. Fundamental changes in the nature of the Saxon economy distinguish a move away from food renders in the middle Saxon phase to market-based provisioning; opening the way for greater autonomy of supply and demand. Finally, the role of wics and burhs as centres of production is investigated, particularly the organisation of manufacture and provisioning with raw materials.