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This book, a collection of articles and papers, reviews techniques and tools that can be used to evaluate the poverty and distributional impact of economic policy choices. Following are its contents: "Evaluating the Poverty and Distributional Impact of Economic Policies: A Compendium of Existing Techniques" (Francois Bourguignon and Luiz A. Pereira da Silva); "Estimating the Incidence of Indirect Taxes in Developing Countries" (David E. Sahn and Stephen D. Younger); "Analyzing the Incidence of Public Spending" (Lionel Demery); "Behavioral Incidence Analysis of Public Spending and Social Programs" (Dominique van de Walle); "Estimating Geographically Disaggregated Welfare Levels and Changes" (Peter Lanjouw); "Assessing the Poverty Impact of an Assigned Program" (Martin Ravallion);"Ex Ante Evaluation of Policy Reforms Using Behavioral Models" (Francois Bourguignon and Francisco H.G. Ferreira); "Generating Relevant Household-Level Data: Multitopic Household Surveys" (Kinnon Scott); "Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Program Evaluation" (Vijayendra Rao and Michael Woolcock); "Survey Tools for Assessing Performance in Service Delivery" (Jan Dehn, Ritiva Reinkka, and Jacob Svensson); "Predicting the Effect of Aggregate Growth on Poverty" (Gaurav Datt, Krishnan Ramadas, Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, Thomas Walker, and Quentin Wodon); "Linking Aggregate Macroconsistency Models to Household Surveys: A Poverty Analysis Macroeconomic Simulator, or PAMS" (Luiz A. Pereira da Silva, B. Essama-Nssah, and Issouf Samake); "Partial Equilibrium Multimarket Analysis" (Jehan Arulpragasam and Patrick Conway); "The 123PRSP Model" (Shantayanan Devarajan and Delfin S. Go); "Social Accounting Matrices and SAM-Based Multiplier Analysis" (Jeffrey Round); "Poverty and Inequality Analysis in a General Equilibrium Framework: The Representative Household Approach" (Hans Lofgren, Sherman Robinson, and Moataz El-Said); and "Where to Go from Here?" (Francois Bourguignon and Luiz A. Pereira da Silva). (WFA)

In internationally adopted girls a high frequency of precocious puberty has been reported in series of patients, and a low age at menarche has been reported from retrospective cohort studies. Data estimating the risk of precocious pubertal development suggests a highly increased risk in internationally adopted girls, possibly related to country of origin and age at adoption. Genetic factors, intrauterine growth retardation, nutritional status prior to adoption, pre- and post adoption growth patterns as well as environmental exposures and psychological stress has been hypothensized to trigger early puberty. However, the mechanism behind precocious and early puberty in adopted girls is still unknown, and central as well peripherally mediated puberty has been suggest. In daily clinical practice, the challenge is therefore to establish guidelines that ensure appropriate recognition of those adopted children who need medical examinations for precocious puberty and to identify the subgroup of patients who will benefit from treatment with GnRH analogs. Prospective, longitudinal studies on growth and development in internationally and domestic adopted children are neaded to disentangle these questions and to understand the pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]