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To overcome the problem of attacks on networks, new Intrusion Detection System (IDS) approaches have been proposed in recent years. They consist in identifying signatures of known attacks to compare them to each request and determine whether it is an attack or not. However, these methods are set to default when the attack is unknown from the database of signatures. Usually this problem is solved by calling human expertise to update the database of signatures. However, it is frequent that an attack has already been detected by another organization and it would be useful to be able to benefit from this knowledge to enrich the database of signatures. Unfortunately this information is not so easy to obtain. In fact organizations do not necessarily want to spread the information that they have already faced this type of attack. In this paper we propose a new approach to intrusion detection in a collaborative environment but by preserving the privacy of the collaborative organizations. Our approach works for any signature that may be written as a regular expression insuring that no information is disclosed on the content of the sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of gestures is essential for the creation and the development of applications dedicated to deaf persons, in particular the illiterates. In most cases, these application need to store gestures codification/description in data bases or dictionaries in order to process sign language, to translate text from or to sign language, to play sign in a 3D scene and so on. The system WebSign we have developed in our laboratory during the last years, is a translator from written text to sign language. It is based on a multi-community approach to respond to the needs of the locality of sign language. To do so, our system allows using specific dictionary for each community and a common dictionary shared by all communities. In this context it is fundamental to define an expressive language which allows describing signs. In order to facilitate the addition of new words without any programming skills, we have developed a web based human-software interface which allows the generation of words described by the defined language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]