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The management of CML has changed dramatically over the past 5-7 years. The development of the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, has resulted in incidences of cytogenetic and molecular response that far exceed those achieved with interferon. The median duration of survival is predicted to increase and the role of allogeneic transplantation has correspondingly decreased. However, the technology of allografting has also progressed in that developments in molecular typing methodology and in the management of infection have resulted in an improvement in the outcome of unrelated transplants. The imatinib era has coincided with the development of reduced intensity conditioning regimens and early results suggest that this is an effective strategy in CML associated with low transplant-related mortality. This chapter summarizes the data on the prognostic factors for both disease- and transplant-related outcomes and outlines the current indications for allogeneic transplant in CML. These indications for allografting will continue to evolve. Although allogeneic transplant is no longer the initial therapy in the majority of patients, it remains the strategy with the highest probability of achieving a molecular remission and curing the disease. As such it will continue to play a role in the management of CML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]