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Suboptimal vitamin D status is common throughout Asia particularly in women and in infants. Vitamin D deficiency rickets is endemic in parts of northern Asia. Vitamin D inadequacy may also be contributing to the burden of osteoporosis and other diseases in the region. Vitamin D intakes are low in Asia and food fortification is uncommon. In the north cold temperatures and a lack of UV light prevent dermal vitamin D status in the winter months. In the south where there is sufficient UV year-round, cultural and religious practices that require women to wear clothing that conceals most of their skin when outdoors contribute to suboptimal vitamin D status. Further sun aversion for cosmetic reasons, avoidance of hot outdoor temperatures, and keeping infants indoors are also likely contributors. Strategies are required to improve the vitamin D status of Asian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]