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Chapter VII of the book "Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times," edited by Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert is presented. It explores the struggle of African Americans to gain civil rights in the U.S., which began with court cases during the American Revolution and continued through abolitionist movement, conventions and protests throughout the nineteenth century. It mentions on Heman Marion Sweatt, who was involved in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).