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Scientific and technical research plays a paramount role in the economic and social development of the most advanced countries. For this reason governments pay special attention to the scientific and technological policies in order to improve Science and Technology Systems. In this sense evaluation processes, both qualitative and quantitative, are very important to know the situation in order to take correct strategic decisions. Moreover, if we add the fact that in the Andalucia region, Spain, the current Plan Andaluz de Investigación (already in its third implementation) is being finished and will be superseded by the new Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación (Andalusian Plan for Research, Technological Development and Innovation) from 2004 onwards, it seems very convenient to publish the results of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the Sistema Andaluz de Investigación based on its scientific production. Indeed, this evaluation should be done together with other parameters and indicators that will provide a more complete overview of all the aspects that affect and have influence on that system. As a consequence, with this publication we want to provide a useful tool to the various managers responsible for the Andalusian Science, in order they can take decisions: Research Centres can decide their strategic plans, researchers can reorient or refine their research lines to address topics of higher social impact. Of course, responsible politicians must address the debate to drive within the greatest possible consensus to a widely accepted definition of the new Plan Andaluz de Investigación Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación, as an essential tool for the development of the Knowledge Society in Andalucía.