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Life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) of structural systems refers to an evaluation procedure in which all costs arising from owing, operating, maintaining and ultimately disposing are considered. LCCA is considered as a very significant assessment tool in the field of the seismic behaviour of structures. In this chapter two test cases are examined where the application of LCCA plays significant role for the extraction of important conclusions. In the first case LCCA is implemented for the assessment of the European seismic design codes and in particular EC2 and EC8 with respect to the recommended behaviour factor q. The assessment is performed on a multi-storey RC building which was optimally designed. In the second test case, 3D RC buildings are assessed with reference to life cycle cost calculated based on multicomponent incremental dynamic analysis and the significance of considering randomness on both record and incident angle is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]