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In this paper, we proposed a new method to diagnose the combustion status in the boiler. It was based on the rough sets theory, using image characteristics of the combustion in the boiler. We introduced the lightness threshold segmentation of the green channel with an improved polar coordinate method to reduce the effects of the background radiation and to assure the integrity of the flame core. In the diagnosis, the weight coefficients of the condition attributes to the decision-making attributes in the decision-making table are determined by the approximation set conception in the rough sets theory. At last, an experiment has been done with a group spot fire images gained from different combustion status, and compare the experiment results with the spot status. It shows that the method is feasible. Keywords: Rough sets, image process, threshold segmentation, combustion diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]