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In the context of sustainable chemistry, because of economic and ecological increasing pressure, domino multicomponent reactions (MCRs) constitute a central academic and industrial investigation domain in diversity-oriented synthesis of functionalized heterocycles. Although isocyanide-based MCRs generally predominate nowadays, the use of 1,3-dicarbonyls as substrates, proposed as early as 1882 by Hantzsch, proved to be highly efficient, but have been relatively unexplored until recently. In the last few years, such transformations received a growing attention as new useful methodologies valuable for the selective direct access to highly functionalized small organic molecules of primary synthetic and biological value. This review focuses on the more significant recent developments on the use of β-diketo building blocks for MCRs published in the last 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]