1. Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes.
- Author
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Michels, Aaron, Jeffrey, Joy, and Eisenbarth, George S.
- Abstract
By the American Diabetes Association Classification, Type 1A Diabetes is the immune-mediated form of diabetes, while Type 1B represents nonimmune-mediated forms of diabetes with beta-cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency (1 ). There are additional forms of insulin-dependent diabetes with defined etiologies (˵Other Specific Types of Diabetes:″ genetic, hormonal, and environmental). Finally, type 2 diabetes is, overall, the most common form of diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance and less beta-cell loss. Even in children, it is important to identify individuals who do not have type 1A diabetes with estimates that approximately 1.5% of children presenting with diabetes have monogenic forms of diabetes. Several monogenetic forms of diabetes are reported to be better treated with sulfonylurea therapy than insulin (e.g., mutations of the ATP-sensitive beta cell selective potassium channels and HNF-1alpha mutations) (2 ), and diabetes due to glucokinase mutations require no therapy at all. Approximately, one half of permanent neonatal diabetes is due to either mutations of the proinsulin gene that leads to beta-cell loss (similar to the Akita mouse (3 )) or Kir6.2/SUR1 mutations (4 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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