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An introduction to the "hows" of research and development (R&D) funding decisions made by the U. S. Federal government, this book contains four chapters written by separate authors. The first chapter examines the Federal role, purpose, and practices in funding R&D concluding that Federal funding of R&D is designed primarily to serve nonscientific ends of the Federal departments and agencies and that there is no single, ideal R&D funding model to be adopted universally, but that there is a set of questions whose answers (by a department or agency) will shape its operating model for funding R&D. Three alternative models for funding and managing R&D are presented in the remaining three chapters. Chapter 2 describes Federal programs for funding vocational education R&D, analyzes several prominent proposals for new legislation affecting these programs, and describes some major R&D accomplishments and needs. Chapter 3 explains a system in which a variety of state, regional, and Federal entities are integrated in planning, funding, conducting, and disseminating results from agricultural research. The fourth chapter describes the Intergovernmental Science Programs of the National Science Foundation and how these programs differ from the vocational and agricultural models. (HD)

A requirement of nuclear processes that use DNA as a substrate is the manipulation of chromatin in which the DNA is packaged. Chromatin modifications cause alterations of histones and DNA, and result in a permissive chromatin environment for these nuclear processes. Recent advances in the fields of DNA repair and chromatin reveal that both histone modifications and chromatin-remodeling complexes are essential for the repair of DNA lesions, such as DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In particular, chromatin-modifying complexes, such as the INO80, SWR1, RSC, and SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes and the NuA4 and Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complexes are implicated in DNA repair. The activity of these chromatin-modifying complexes influences the efficiency of the DNA repair process, which ultimately affects genome integrity and carcinogenesis. Thus, the process of DNA repair requires the cooperative activities of evolutionarily conserved chromatin-modifying complexes that facilitate the dynamic chromatin alterations needed during repair of DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing progenitors that give rise to all lineages of blood cells. HSCs can be found in all hematopoietic organs, from the para-aortic mesoderm (1),(2) and yolk sac (3),(4) in fetuses to the bone marrow (reviewed in ref. 5), blood and spleens of adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents basic definitions, concepts, themes, issues, methods, perspectives and institutions related to tourism. Barbados is the easternmost Caribbean island, with a well developed, up-market tourism industry catering for 447,000 tourist arrivals in 1996, plus a further 510,000 cruise ship arrivals. Tourism is the main source of foreign exchange earnings with receipts of $646 million in 1996. Benchmarking is a process whereby a business enterprise identifies industry leaders, compares products, services and practices, then implements procedures to upgrade its performance to match or surpass its competitors. Biological diversity or biodiversity is the variety of all life forms: the different plants, animals and microorganisms, the genes they contain, and the ecosystems of which they form a part. Borders or boundaries, mark the territorial limits up to which a political entity can exercise its sovereign authority. Branding is the name, symbol, term, design or any combination or these used to differentiate products or services from those of competitors. A brochure is a form of printed promotional material which is designed to communicate with existing or potential visitors. Budgetary controls are the management systems employed by an organization to effectively determine variances and identify those that are significant, to analyze the significant variances, to determine the source of the problems that created the variances, and to initiate action to correct the problems.

The article focuses on the characteristics of successful global leaders. General leadership traits in executives include embracing duality by managing uncertainty and possessing inquisitiveness. Personal character traits are an emotional connection with people and integrity. Managers with business and organization savvy recognize worldwide market opportunities and mobilize resources to take advantage of market conditions. The basic process for developing a worldview is mentioned, as well as the four strategies for developing executive ability via travel, teams, training, and transfers.

The article talks about the Murray M. Rosenberg Applied Social Work Research Center under the Social Work Department at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. The center is the operational arm for most research activities within the department and the first of its kind in a medical school. The major areas of research include research on the psychosocial aspects of health problems and adequate description and evaluation of social work interventions.