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Over the last two decades, molecular genetic testing has assumed a prominent role in the diagnosis, classification, and clinical management of lymphoma [1]. In some lymphoid and more so in myeloid tumors, a specific genetic abnormality may be the defining feature. More often genetic abnormalities are characteristic of one type of disease but may be present in other tumors and contribute to their pathogenesis. In addition to the standard assays for receptor gene rearrangements and specific genetic lesions (particularly translocations) used in clinical practice, sophisticated assays such as expression microarray, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), microRNA analysis, and epigenetic testing are more readily available; data derived from these complex analyses are continuously being translated into clinically pertinent information regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy for lymphoma. This chapter will focus on the molecular pathogenesis of lymphoma and discuss current clinical molecular diagnostic testing and its limitations and emphasize interpretation of molecular results in the context of clinical features, morphology, or other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]