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The "humanized mouse" is a mouse harboring functioning human tissues used as in vivo human models for both physiological and pathological conditions. The NOD/Shi- scid IL2rγnull (NOG) mouse, an excellent immunodeficient mouse used as the basis for the humanized mouse, requires strict genetic and environmental control for production and use in experiments. Genetic control using marker-assisted selection is described. In addition, NOG mice are easily affected by microbiological and proximate environmental factors, which can cause severe damage to the mice in some cases. Therefore, rigorous microbiological and environmental controls are necessary to ensure reproducibility of experimental results. At the end of this chapter, future aspects of the application of "humanized mice" based on novel super-immunodeficient mice such as NOG mice and Rag2 rγnull IL2rrγnull mice in biomedical research and testing are briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a simple model to simulate topography and composition of deposited films. Our model described topography and composition of deposited fluorocarbon films in C5F8/CO/O2/Ar plasma etching. Analysis of compositions facilitated making of the reactor and surface models, and our model could treat the gas flow and open width dependency of the SiO2 etching. It was very useful in designing devices for easy manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]