1. Biocatalytic Applications in Biotechnology.
- Author
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Papamichael, Emmanuel M., Papamichael, Emmanuel M., and Stergiou, Panagiota-Yiolanda
- Subjects
Biology, life sciences ,Research & information: general ,(R)-2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol ,(R)-miconazole ,2-hydroxy ketones ,Acinetobacter sp ,Candida antarctica lipase-B ,Cellbiohydrolase I ,DNAzymes ,Endoglucanese I ,G-quadruplex ,Paenibacillus ,Protein Engineering ,Swapping ,Trichoderma reesei ,Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ,benzaldehyde lyase ,bifunctional enzyme ,biocatalysis ,biocatalyst ,bioconversion ,biotechnological application ,bisphenol A ,colorimetric detection ,cytochrome P450 ,direct linear plot ,distribution-free method ,divalent metal ion ,elementary process functions ,environmental toxicity ,enzyme activation ,enzyme catalysis ,enzyme decolorization ,enzyme immobilization ,enzyme stability ,erythritol ,esterification ,family V ,fatty acids ,flavor esters ,function or reaction ,hydroxylation ,immobilisation ,isolation ,isoprenoid ,kinetic constants ,laccase ,lipolytic enzymes ,low calorie dietary foods ,magnetic enzyme supports ,marine chitinous by-products ,median method ,membranes ,metabolic engineering ,metagenome ,methane ,methanotrophs ,multimers ,non-parametric ,optimal design ,organic solvent ,pentaerythritol ,peroxidase ,phosphotriestease ,polyamide 4 ,porous carriers ,process intensification ,product inhibition ,protease ,rhododendrol ,secondary metabolites ,shrimp heads ,structure ,synergism ,tetraesters ,transaminases ,tyrosinase ,uric acid ,uricase ,whole-cell catalysis - Abstract
Summary: At present, the increasing demand for novel biotechnological products is supported through the continuous development of biocatalytic applications. As a consequence, the progress of research regarding enzymatic catalysis in aqueous, non-aqueous, organic (polar or non-polar), and/or non-solvent media is decisive. Experimental design methods, which also may comprise in silico studies, the design of specific reactors and conditions, the reactions of significant chemical and/or biochemical processes that are relevant to industrial production, enzyme kinetic methods, the investigation of enzymatic mechanisms and the use of immobilized enzymes and/or microbial cells on various inert matrices, are all useful. A plethora of enzymes of several classes, which may potentially be used as biocatalysts in biotechnological applications, are available. Among these enzymes, the more common are oxidoreductases (laccase, catalase, glucose oxidase, etc.), hydrolases (amylases, lipases, proteases, amidases, cellulases, esterases, etc.), isomerases (epimerases, topoisomerases, mutases, etc.), and others. By means of the aforementioned biocatalysts and the utilization of specific biotechnological methods, important, cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly processes have been applied for the synthesis and/or the conversion of a huge number of market-required products.