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This chapter surveys the literature associating environmental degradation and violent conflict. The literature linking environmental deficiencies or degradation and violent conflict is on the increase. Researchers exploring the linkage have posited a number of possible connections. Population projections, when linked to environmental degradation and the availability of natural resources, present an alarming future scenario. Local renewable resources, cropland, forest, freshwater and the like, are being depleted and degraded by logging, overgrazing, overcultivation or pollution, among other causes.