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The article provides an overview of the 2023 British Criminology Conference, which focused on the theme of "Sustaining Futures: Remaking Criminology in an Age of Global Injustice." The conference featured international delegates and explored topics such as justice, globalisation, and the future of criminology. Keynote speakers discussed green criminology, women living under state violence, and systems of oppression and abolitionist perspectives. The article also includes papers presented at the conference, covering subjects such as gender-based violence in online spaces, the impact of COVID-19 on marginalized communities, and hate crime. The journal is divided into two parts, with one section dedicated to panel papers and the other to postgraduate researcher papers. The postgraduate section includes papers on topics such as OnlyFans, mass shootings, ultra-fast fashion, migrant smuggling, and the impact of artificial intelligence on online behavior. The article concludes with information about the upcoming 2024 BSC conference. [Extracted from the article]

Crimes can affect the social welfare, economy, safety, and security of all stakeholders, such as governments, local authorities, institutions, and citizens. Hence, a countries' performance concerning the fight against crime is an essential issue and has mutual effects on the countries' prestige. However, performance analysis for the crime situation of the countries is complicated since many conflicting criteria affect the evaluation processes. The current paper proposes an integrated MCDM approach consisting of the Entropy and WASPAS techniques to evaluate the crime situation of the countries, as it has an efficient and applicable algorithm that can be followed by decision-makers and practitioners easily. The proposed model was applied to evaluate the fight against crime performances in the Balkan countries in order to demonstrate the implementation of the suggested model. Then, we performed a comprehensive sensitivity analysis by forming 90 different scenarios to test the validation of the model and its results. According to the analysis results, A3 has remained the best alternative for all scenarios. It has been observed that there are slight changes, which did not change the overall results in the ranking performance of some alternatives. The sensitivity analysis approves the validity and applicability of the proposed integrated approach and its results. Thus, the proposed model can be implemented to solve these kinds of decision-making problems. Background: the current paper examines the fight against crime performance of countries by applying a mathematical model; Methods: an MCDM framework consisting of the entropy and the WASPAS techniques; Results: the proposed integrated MCDM model proves that it can be applied for evaluating the performances of the countries in this field. In addition, it can provide more reasonable and accurate results compared to other traditional MCDM frameworks. Conclusion: Kidnapping is an essential criterion, as it is related to the public order and the prestige of the public authorities. Besides, citizens cannot bear to that not only for themselves but also their relatives. In addition, this crime directly affects the safety of the streets. Because of that, no one wants to make investments in countries with these kinds of problems. Therefore, a democratic and social state should take preventative measures to fight against these kinds of crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of the labeling perspective and conflict/power approaches to teaching college level criminology is to increase student understanding of crime as a sociological phenomenon. The labeling perspective maintains that the way in which criminology concepts are defined influences the kinds of questions and issues which are focused upon. Conflict/power approaches assume that criminality is not a particular behavior although it is defined as behavior by those who create and administer the criminal law. The author proposes that criminology teachers can help students understand the importance of labels and the process of criminalization by organizing an introductory criminology course around five major topics: 1) comparison of definitions of crime as behavior and crime as legal status, 2) investigation of bias in crime statistics, 3) historical, analytical, and critical survey of criminological theory, 4) review of literature on criminal laws, law enforcement, structure and functioning of criminal courts, and the correctional process, and 5) types of criminal behavior including violent, property, corporate, occupational, public order, organized, professional, and political. Course materials are suggested and briefly annotated, case studies are cited, and a course outline is presented. (DB)

This paper offers an initial discussion of the extent to which queer criminology is invested in settler colonialism, and a consideration of the prospects for decolonising queer criminology. As the epistemological and political underpinnings of queer activism and scholarship are firmly situated in the Global North, a queer criminology developed in their image may not have resonance for, or be applicable to, those outside of or not fully included in these contexts. In fact, aspects of queer criminology may contribute to the perpetuation and expansion of colonial power generally, and queer settler colonialism in particular (Morgensen 2012). This paper examines three key areas in which queer scholarship and criminology have been critiqued and which suggest that the decolonisation of queer criminology is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the relationship between fatal violence and organised crime. It does this by first providing a brief overview of two Birmingham street based organised crime groups, and then considers the 2003 fatal shootings of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis. Methodologically this research is qualitative, and the ethnographic strand of the research offers a "criminological autopsy" of the case. By triangulating primary data, secondary sources and criminological theory, it is hoped that this paper will provide an exploratory understanding of the overlooked and under researched correlation between organised crime and fatal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fracking is a controversial hydrocarbon extraction technique with the UK public, but the passing of the Infrastructure Act 2015 has made fracking in the UK imminent. This paper attempts to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the potential social and environmental risks and benefits of fracking in order to provide a lens through which to guide public policy on the issue. The classic philosophical theory of utilitarianism is outlined and then reapplied to the assessment of the risks and benefits of fracking. This re-application comes to the conclusion that fracking should not be instigated by the UK government under the principle of utility based on the equal consideration of all people's interests. Instead, the paper calls for the increased use of renewable forms of energy as a solution to the utilitarian outlook on the UK's energy policy, in line with the UK publics energy generation preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several factors indicate that there is a relationship between economic conditions and crime among black women. Crime statistics show that outside of the misdemeanors of drunkenness and disorderly conduct, black women tend to be arrested for larceny and prostitution, both economic crimes. The fact that black women are at the bottom of the economic ladder lends more support to the economic theory of crime causation. In spite of the attempts of some authors to explain black crime through the theory of aggression, statistics show that black female criminality is substantially different from black male criminality in that it is less violent. Studies also indicate that the victimization rate for black females is much less than the rate for black males, but is much greater than the rate for white females. The two most prominent areas of victimization are rape and spouse abuse. Several programs initiated or supported by black women (the Multi-Area Rape Crisis Council of Atlanta and the Coalition of Concerned Women of Chicago) demonstrate that crime prevention is not the exclusive domain of the police and that black women can serve as a potential resource for crime prevention programs. However, as long as black women are on the bottom rung of the economic ladder, are heads of households and are subjected to racial oppression, they will continue to commit economic crimes. (Author/WI)

Criminalistic science uses scientific methods used in other scientific disciplines, but adapted to the specific needs of criminal investigation. Criminalistics also uses methods that are designed to be used exclusively for criminalistic purposes. Thus, methods of identifying persons by papillary line analysis, handwriting analysis using graphological methods, odor analysis, scene accident photography with stereo graphometry, comparative trace analysis with comparative microscope, photo robot creation software, and many other methods are applied in criminal investigations. However, new methods are being developed to improve the work of criminalists who work in the field of investigating, inspecting, alibi determination, tracing and material evidence for pre-trial and court proceedings, as well as other operational-tactical measures and investigative actions. Practical field work also applies methods of profiling persons, application of modern technological means of tracking persons and situations, such as drones, which are also used in criminal intelligence, methods of detection lies, etc. The authors of the paper analyze contemporary criminalistic methods with particular reference to their application in practical work when undertaking measures and activities within the framework of criminalistic methodology. Namely, in the process of elimination of crimes, special attention is paid to detection, proving, and clarification of crimes. Particularly important in this part are the criminalistic methods that answer the nine golden questions of criminalistic, and reveal the perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a huge boom in the market in terms of both supply and demand for dashcams. This stems from the purpose of the camera installed in the vehicle. Dashcams are currently becoming an important aid in solving various adverse incidents, such as detecting violations of traffic regulations and other laws and recording and clarifying the course of a traffic accident or other criminologically relevant event. The purpose of this camera is to monitor the space in front and behind the vehicle, or the situation inside the vehicle. The content of this article is aimed at acquainting the reader with basic information about dashcams. Specifically, the individual parts of the article will discuss the importance and significance of the dashcams, the benefits of its use, and the legislative framework that regulates its use. The paper will conclude with a brief overview of innovative approaches based on the application of a dashcam for the purpose of increasing the level of safety of road users while driving a vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses the British Society of Criminology Conference "Human Rights, Human Wrongs: Dilemmas and Diversity in Criminology" from July 11-14, 2010, an article in the issue by Lisa White on state violence in Northern Ireland and one by Jon Garland and James Treadwell on the development of the English Defense League in connection with Islamophobia and football hooliganism.

In recent 30 years, China has become one of the major drug consuming countries. Though undertaking both compulsory and unbidden rehabilitation programs, the result of fighting for drug abuse is not ideal in mainland China: re-addiction rate in the same year upon the completion of compulsory rehabilitation programs is as high as 80%. Given the understatement of drug abuse issue and its solutions in Chinese academia, this paper aims on uncovering the reality of the drug abuse situation in contemporary China, and scientifically proving the importance of social environment with tolerance and caring for the success of rehabilitation programs. In addition, propensity score matching instead of OLS regression was used as the main analytical method in this paper, which may introduce the idea of "treatment effects" and provide a new path for quantitative social researchers in Chinese criminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are calls across Higher Education to address deep structural inequalities with specific concerns that the marginalisation of certain voices (female, colonised, nonwestern and LGBTQ+) has influenced and distorted the production of knowledge in relation to key criminological topics and issues (Agozino, 2003; Cunneen and Rowe, 2015; Connell, 2007). This article presents initial findings from a pilot study exploring the curriculum of a new criminology Bachelor of Arts degree programme at a post-92 English University. It provides a timely starting point, given the proliferation of HE criminology courses in the UK, and suggests there is both increasing pressures to develop course material and over-familiarisation and acceptance of dominant narratives in criminology. This paper serves as a call to action to critically engage with the sources used: in so doing we put forward a simple 'inclusivity matrix' that can be used both when designing curricula and for teaching critical information literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the recent dynamics of society development, European states have been considering the concept of settlement as an alternative means of criminal conflict resolution. This alternative is particularly important in the context of European Parliament and Council Directive 2012/29/ES (25 October 2012), which defines the rights of crime victims as well as minimum standarts of support and defence. Criminal procedure resolves certain types of conflicts. Article 1 of the Criminal Procedure Law (henceforth the CPL) of Latvia [1], defines the aim of the law emphasizing the fact that the criminal procedure secures the effective application of the criminal law norms and fair adjustment of relevant legal relations without justified interference into a person's life. Legislators have indicated the fair resolution of a conflict, emerged as a result of a criminal act, as one of the ways to attain the aim. Reconciliation as a criminal conflict resolution in the Latvian criminal procedure is best realized as amicable settlement. This paper analyzes various perspectives on the use of a settlement in the resolution of criminal conflicts and offers a new proposal for enhancing the CPL. In addition, the paper analyzes legal norms and identifies various perspectives of theoreticians of the criminal procedure law with pertinence to the concept of settlement. This paper also offers a unique perspective on a wider use of settlement in the resolution of criminal conflicts and proposes to implement amendments into the CPL. Amicable settlement is considered both a tool restoring justice and means to reduce harm created by a criminal act. The foundation of justice restoration is not punishment but reconciliation and compensation for the caused harm. It embodies yet another perspective on public response to a committed criminal act. In society in which punishment is seen as a repayment, the victim gets the least because the interests of the state and abstract society are prioritized. Application of amicable settlement would reduce the numbers of criminal procedures, would reduce law enforcement workload, would speed up the process of criminals' resocialization, would facilitate the healing process for victims and would facilitate victims' reintegration into society, would educate the society and would form the trust in the ability to take responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the benefits of participating in a Photographic electronic Narrative (PeN) project funded through a mid-career fellowship scheme and hosted at an independent, part community funded resettlement scheme (RS), located outside of the prison estate in England, for men released on temporary licence (ROTL) and others on community sentences referred through probation (trainees). After two years, two interrelated and significant outcomes have emerged, firstly, that the PeN project through the co-creation of blog posts, has given trainees an opportunity to imagine future selves (Giordano et al 2002, Hunter and Farrall 2018), with the research encounter a means of bearing witness to this and the trauma of criminalisation (Anderson 2016). Secondly, creating and posting PeN project blogs has created a virtual space for these imagined future selves to be articulated and, crucially, it gives trainees' families, friends and the wider community a means of also bearing witness to trainees' desistance narratives (Anderson 2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Priority for discoveries is awarded to those who are first to publish. If a scholar writes claiming to have discovered something or originated a theory that has been earlier published, or presented in public by another who got their first, then the peer review process, professional and public disapproval is relied upon to identify and correct the self-serving irregularity. Thereafter, the pretender to the throne of discovery is expected to retract and apologise. If there is evidence that such a counterfeit originator had prior knowledge of their supposedly independent discovery being first discovered by another, the professional repercussions are likely to be catastrophic. This article is about the devastating Big Data facilitated 2014 discovery that the world's most celebrated and studied natural scientist Charles Darwin, and his lesser known associate Alfred Russel Wallace, more likely than not committed the world's greatest science fraud by apparently plagiarising the entire theory of natural selection from a book written by Patrick Matthew and then claiming to have had no prior-knowledge of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The over-representation of vulnerable populations within the criminal justice system, and the role of police in perpetuating this, has long been a topic of discussion in criminology. What is less discussed is the way in which non-criminal investigations by police, in areas like a death investigation, may perpetuate similar types of engagement with vulnerable populations. In Australia, as elsewhere, it is the police who are responsible for investigating both suspicious and violent deaths like homicide as well as non-suspicious, violent deaths like accidents and suicides. Police are also the agents tasked with investigating deaths which are neither violent nor suspicious but occur outside hospitals and other care facilities. This paper reports on how the police describe - or are described by others - their role in a non-suspicious death investigation, and the challenges that such investigations raise for police and policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public attitudes about punitiveness have a significant impact on penal policy in the societies. Punitive penal policy and increased imprisonment of offenders are often seen as a reflection of the public support for harsh punishment. (Cullen et all, 2000). Criminological research often links the attitudes toward punishment with the socio-demographic characteristics of the public (gender, age, race, ethnicity, political ideology, education, income, religion), their possible direct or indirect victimization, the fear of crime, their perceptions about crime and the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. In addition to these factors, in the last two decades the attitudes have also been linked with the increasing presence and use of the media The empirical research analyzes the issue of the connection between the media consumption and shaping public attitudes toward punishment, especially for certain crimes. Hence, the subject of this paper is the impact of media consumption on the public attitudes about punishment, with the purpose to determine to what extent and in what direction is that influence. The impact of different types of media and different types of media content or programs on public attitudes about punitiveness will be analyzed. In general, the research shows that different types of media and news, such as watching television news (local and national) and crime-related programs, have influence on the attitudes about punishment (Intravia, 2019). However, the direct impact cannot be fully and clearly determined, because the research uses a different methodology in terms of the media consumption and media content. In addition to traditional media, from research perspective, special attention is given to the connection between the use of social media and their impact on punitiveness. The importance of analyzing their impact on public attitudes is primarily due to the increasing number of individuals who use social media, which are a major source of crime-related news and often providing access to news or information shared by others. These features related to social media (especially social networks) allow individuals to virtually participate in issues related to crime and punishment, which in turn can change someone's opinion and position on the topic of discussion. (Anderson & all, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic discourse about the development and establishment of the foundations of Queer criminology as a theoretical path within critical criminology is associated with several factors. First, the expansion of queer theory within gender studies and the involvement of the queer community in public discourse require a special theoretical explanation within other social sciences that deal with issues related to human behaviour, human rights, punishment, protection, etc. However, the tendency to achieve greater visibility of the queer population through a particular theoretical and research approach rather than within other theories dealing with marginalized communities or certain forms of subcultural behaviour has opened a debate in the academic community as to whether a queer criminology should receive a special theoretical direction or the research on queer population should remain within the framework of the critical cultural criminology, or as part of feminist studies. The stated dilemma, bases and challenges of queer criminology will be the subject of a special elaboration and theoretical discussion within this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incarceration is stressful and traumatic experience for everyone. The inmates can adopt different coping or adjustment strategies to the new environment. What they adopt depends on the environmental factors and personal characteristics, as well as of their own sense of protection from victimization. In the literature, three types of adaptation are predominantly recognized: cooperation, withdrawal and resistance and violent behavior. Based on that, this paper examines the manifestation and connection of different adopting strategies of young inmates with their personal as well as institutional features during incarceration. The analysis is based on qualitative data collected by using in-depth interviews with incarcerated young inmates in one educational-correctional facility. The main findings pertain to the recognition that young inmates have adopted several coping strategies in order to adopt to the prison life, but mainly develop violent behaviour during their incarceration. This small scale survey is particularly valuable in filling up the exiting empirical gap and findings within criminological literature and might be used as basis for developing prerequisites for eliminating, or at least, mitigating negative consequences of the deprivations related to loss of liberty, security, autonomy etc. generated by pains of imprisonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data mining has a wide application domain in almost every industry where the data is generated. That is why data mining is considered as one of the most important factors in database and information systems. Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from huge amounts of data stored in databases and data warehouses. Criminology is an interesting application where data mining plays an important role in terms of prediction and analysis. Crime analysis plays an important role in devising solutions to crime problems and formulating crime prevention strategies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of data mining methods, which can be used for analyzing data collected of the past crimes. We identified the most appropriate data mining method to analyze the collected data from sources specialized in crime prevention by comparing them theoretically and practically. This study helps the crime branch for better prediction and classification of crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lies at the intersection of sociological inquiry into law and society, criminology, and sexual victimization. I take sexual violence as a case through which to investigate how gendered vulnerability is understood and refracted through legal institutions. Specifically, I investigate prosecutorial decision-making logics in cases of child sexual abuse. Little is known about exactly how prosecutors deal with such cases. Data for this paper are comprised of in-depth interviews with 42 trial-level prosecutors who investigate, charge, negotiate plea bargains, and try criminal cases involving child sexual victims. I draw on the law and society tradition of scholarship to investigate how legal actors implement laws on the books in local contexts. By investigating law in action in relation to sexual assault allegations, we begin to see a more thorough picture of how youth, vulnerability, and sexuality are interpolated in legal structures and processes. Findings indicate that cultural understandings of authentic sexual vulnerability are tenuous, contested, and contingent on the age and gender of the victim, especially in relation to that of the defendant. Time emerges as a crucial variable in child sexual abuse cases, as there is a limited window in which a complainant is imagined as truly innocent. As the victim nears or passes the age of sexual maturity, even when they remain under their state's legal age of consent, the state of their vulnerability becomes less selfevident. Results from this study will enhance our knowledge about gender, justice, and the prosecution of sexual assault cases more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper will elaborate the problem of corruption from a criminal and criminal-legal aspect. Corruption is a form of activity undertaken by a person who performs a particular function or has a certain position and status, as well as power, with the intention of gaining an illegal benefit for himself or for another. Corruption is a widespread socially negative phenomenon, which is a major problem for every society, and especially for developing countries. In this paper, corruption will be presented first in a historical context, employing the historical method, and then it will be briefly shown in the transition countries, including the Republic of Macedonia, using the comparative method. The focus of this paper will be the legal regulation of corruption in Macedonian criminal legislation. Using the content analysis method, we will conduct a brief analysis of the legal solutions in this area. The results of this paper will provide recommendations and opinions for more effective and efficient dealing with corruption. Corruption is a challenge for every society, but it is not enough just to talk about corruption. It is necessary to undertake specific measures and activities for its detection, prevention and sanctioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sociologists and criminologist have studied how accumulated structural disadvantages might foster so-called oppositional cultures that reinforce interpersonal violence in marginalized communities. Research has investigated how teenage girls negotiate traditional gender norms and local gendered-survival strategies in such contexts. Still, little is known about teenage girls' involvement with lethal violence and how they make sense of their actions in light of their gendered identities. This paper investigates how violent practices are reconciled with self-conceptions of femininity in narratives of criminalized teenage girls who committed or attempted homicide. Data comes from 13 biographical interviews with adolescent girls incarcerated in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Drawing from Bourdieusian theory and narrative criminology, I examine how gendered social structures shape how girls produce intelligible and morally coherent accounts of their crimes. I found that girls convey three kinds of narrative habitus with different frames for violence: violence as a gendered resource, as a gendered failure, and as a gendered dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmodernism as European direction in art, philosophy, literature, culture, music, and as a reaction to modernism, in terms of its tendency for progress and objectivity, advocates for globalization, decentralization and pluralism in all spheres of social life. It has great influence on the development of criminological scientific thought. The postmodernism produces establishment of the postmodern school of criminology, i.e. separate constitutive criminology as a fraction within the radical theory. Its establishment is connected with the names of Henry Stuart and Milovanovik Dragan, who have laid down theoretical foundations of constitutive criminology with their theoretical views on crime and its occurrence. The basis of its learning is reflected in the explanation of crime as loss or damage to the rights and interests of the victim that cause inequality between people. Hence, the efforts of society to overcome the crime should be directed toward the deconstruction of political economy, construction of news making criminology, development of peacekeeping criminology and cultural pluralism. Those basic theoretical postulates of constitutive criminology will be the subject of this paper, and possibilities for its further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue that includes relationship between settler colonialism and queer criminology; association of criminal justice system with slavery; and association of fatal violence with criminology.

The problematics of the evidence and the process of the argumentation of criminal records is primarily an object of study of the theory of court evidence as part of the criminal process science, while at the same time it is an object investigated by the criminology science. The theory of court evidence deals with the legal side of argumentation as a dynamic system of legally regulated activities for determining relevant facts according to the norms of criminal procedural laws. Criminalistic theory of evidence is primarily concerned with the regularities and the occurrence of evidence in general, their informative nature and the gnosiological (cognitive) essence, the regularities of the formation of certain types of operative and evidential information (the existence of real and personal evidences, the characteristics and specifications of certain types of these pieces of evidence and their informative value), as well as the durability of the crime information. On the basis of cognitive laws related to the mechanism of occurrence, durability and quality of certain pieces of evidence, the criminology explores and develops methods for their detection, fixation, collection, research and evaluation of their evidential values. During the criminal proceedings (especially in the pre-criminal and investigative proceedings), numerous and diverse procedural actions are undertaken in the course of the discovery, investigation, clarification and proving of the objective truth about the criminal acts and the subjective guilt (responsibility) for their perpetrators, among which there is a mutual connection, continuity and in each criminal case, they constitute a complete whole. In that sense, in the paper, certain aspects of the evidence and proving through the cognitive course within the criminal procedure as a syllogistic criminal procedure are presented and processed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terrorism can be considered as the political or security problem, but it is also the kind of crime, although it is very specific crime. However, considering it as the crime, we can also think about it in the connection with criminological categories as the prevention, for example. When we look at latest terrorist attacks, we can name their several common features. For example, tools, which were used for commitment of these crime, were very simple, because perpetrators attacked by firearms, stabbing weapons or vehicles. That means that perpetrators cannot have more sophisticated skills to commit terrorist attacks by these tools. This article is also focused on some other features like places, where terrorist attacks were committed, the age of perpetrators or their religion, because all of them were Muslims. All of these features are opposed to the views of some experts, who predict that the cyber terrorism or nuclear terrorism will become serious threats in the future. Therefore, the paper contains the short analysis of latest terrorist attacks, which were committed in Europe, analysis of the information, which are available in the media, and comparison of selective features of terrorist attacks. Taking into account the newest trends of the commitment of terrorist attacks, the method of analyze and method of comparison are used with the aim to express the need of terrorism prevention and formulate possible proposals of measures that could contribute to the terrorism prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pilot study looked into who is perceived as the 'typical offender' by the public based on the characteristics of gender, race and age for murder, rape, child sexual offences, robbery, fraud and phishing. The field research was conducted in Birmingham and the questionnaire sample consisted of 156 participants (53.8% male and 46.2% female). The findings suggested that the perceived typical perpetrator for all crimes is male, white (except for robbery) and aged between 25 and 34 years old (except child sex offenders and fraudsters who would be older). While most of the public's perceptions of perpetrators were consistent with the existing literature and official statistics, indicating that the public have become more educated about crime, disparities also suggest media and other sources of information also play a role in creating their ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the debate on mate selection and socialization within the context of life-course criminology. Although there is some consensus among researchers that we choose mates who are similar to ourselves, the underlying mechanisms and consequences for criminal behavior are not fully understood. By combining longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study and Rochester Intergenerational Study, this paper assesses assortative mating and contagion in a sample of 346 heterosexual dyads. Across fourteen different categories of antisocial behavior, findings reveal little evidence of assortative mating for focal male and female subjects, except on drug use. Support for contagion is much stronger but almost exclusively for focal male subjects influencing their female partners. Both assortative mating and contagion were analyzed by four sample subtypes, showing that couples who had a child together and stayed together were more likely to have positively assorted and exhibit contagion. This study improves upon previous research by using longitudinal data that assesses antisocial behavior across the life-course and by clearly defining and disaggregating the relationship status of couples. Overall, findings are more consistent with past research suggesting that socialization rather than selection accounts for the similarity between partners. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper documents two broad theoretical transitions in the history of criminal courtroom studies by criminologists, sociologists and lawyers. The first transition, which I call "from norm to practice", reflects the field's break from the world of legal-normative criminal justice studies. It is a shift from a focus on prescriptive norms, and from a paradigm of designing balance between abstract contrasting values, to a focus on the ways in which rules are implemented in the actual practices of the court. The second transition, "from 'practice' to 'discourse'", reflects a shift from this aim to uncover what "really" happens in the criminal process to the rejection of any such "reality", and toward an exploration of how law conceptualizes its chosen "reality", and of how these "realities" have come to be. These transitions transcend disciplinary traditions and divides. Using a variety of examples, the paper traces the theoretical frameworks, favored methodologies, strengths and flaws that brought about each of the two transitions, and suggests a few hybrid models that might fuel future transitions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the factors that hinders development in both Indonesia and many other countries is the problem of narcotics. This paper purposes to analyze the impact of the use and trafficking of narcotics in Indonesia and law enforcement on narcotics crimes in Indonesia. The method used is socio-juridical using a statutory approach, case approach, and criminology. The data used are primary and secondary data through interviews, literature study and document study. All data collected were then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the direct impact of drugs on the human psyche/mental is causing mental depression, serious mental disorders/psychotic, causing suicide, and causing crime, violence and destruction. The factors causing narcotics crimes in the jurisdiction of the Kutai Barat Police Department, which the authors managed to get from the field study, could be caused by many factors, both internal and external factors. Law enforcement is an effort to bring the ideas of justice, legal certainty and social benefits into reality. The efforts made by the Kutai Barat Police Department in overcoming narcotics crimes that occurred in the Kutai Barat Regency and Mahakam Ulu Regency were carried out in two ways, namely preventive and repressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on concepts from role, frame, and organization theory to examine how street-level workers construct, negotiate and contest large-scale policy reform. Using data collected from a 36-month ethnography, this project highlights role conflict among California parole agents during an intense period of top-down organizational change. The spark for this change occurred with the settlement of a decades-old law suit, Valdivia v. Schwarzenegger, 2003 that extended due process rights to parolees in parole revocation hearings. This settlement, coupled with a broader reform efforts already underway in California corrections and the lack of preparation and training, sent parole agents searching for their own methods of understanding and coping with the policy and procedural alterations they encountered. As a result, agents reframed the organization's message helping them alleviate some of the role conflict they were experiencing. At both the cognitive and behavioral levels, reframing occurred on three dimensions: moral, rational/bureaucratic and symbolic. In the end, role conflict and reframing strained the agents and constrained the larger system change, leaving an organizationally undesired reproduction of the status quo. Theoretically, the paper reintroduces the concept of role conflict to studies of organizations emphasizing its impact on organizational success or failure during periods of reform. Conceptually, this research broadens how we think about the implementation and the effects of organizational and legal changes to institutional logics. It also deepens our understanding of prisoner reentry--a subfield of criminological and sociological scholarship that is only in its infancy but is likely to impact academic and policy thinking for years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question: Can the frameworks of analysis of criminology and criminal justice help us to better understand the nature and sources of terrorism and interventions that can serve to remove its causes? The motivation for this question is the prospect that we may be able to prevent terrorism and respond to it most effectively when we understand what it means, what are its roots -- why people choose to engage in acts of terrorism in the first place -- and how we can protect from harm the targets that are susceptible to attack. The paper examines analytic frameworks designed to give a balanced presentation of critical perspectives on all significant sides of major issues of contention -- and often contentiousness -- including the role of religion, balancing security with rights to privacy and liberty, and the role of media and politics in feeding the fear that gives terrorism traction in the first place. The paper reviews what criminologists have contributed to date, and how they might contribute fruitfully in the future. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on Mathias Reimann's (2004) useful justification for a new basic course for law students, this paper provides a discussion of an approach to new basic course in international criminal justice for students drawn from disciplines such as law, history, sociology, political science and criminology. This paper argues that the nascent ICC and the jurisprudential developments of the international tribunals suggest the emergence of a discrete international legal order. To appreciate the nature of this new order, it may be useful to practically examine international criminal justice through a variety of themes including: Historical Context, Psychology of International Crimes, Jurisdiction, Individual Responsibility and Defences, Substantive and Procedural Legal Developments, the Problem of Selectivity and the Future of International Criminal Law. This paper is organized to consider key principles, pedagogy and practical challenges and includes study questions for each theme with a view to assist future international criminal justice coursework. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that poverty and inequality increase the likelihood of terrorist incidents in a country. By the guidance of the researches in criminal justice field on poverty, inequality and crime relationship this study builds a path to examine terrorism issue. To be able to do this the study uses social disorganization theory (Shaw & McKay, 1942), anomie theory (Merton, 1938) and Marxist theory (Bonger, 1916) which have been base for explaining poverty, inequality and crime relationship. This study answers the research question of "Does income inequality, poverty level, education level, unemployment level increase the likelihood of terrorist incidents in cities of Turkey?" This empirical study uses secondary data analysis, data for the variables of socioeconomic indicators gathered from the databases of national statistics bureau of Turkey and terrorism incidents data gathered from databases of Turkish National police. Logistic regression will be utilized as statistical method for this study to be able to look at the likelihood of terrorist incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democratizing policing must be viewed as part of a larger democratization process in transitional and developing societies. This larger process includes socioeconomic development, reducing ethnic and other forms of conflict, building social capital and other forms of citizen capacity, and integrating human rights and participatory equity in all efforts. This cannot be successful without women playing an equal role with men in all of these efforts, including the establishment and implementation of democratic policing strategies. In this paper the author makes the case for gender equity in participation in democratic policing, assesses the obstacles to participation in democratic policing for women and other marginalized groups, and offers ideas for increasing and enhancing the contribution of women and other marginalized groups in the process. When formulating policy, academics, policy makers, NGOs, and other activists should take into account how policing and crime in general are interrelated with patriarchy, ethnic conflict, socioeconomic development, and democratic institution building. The obstacles to female participation in democratic policing are many and are rooted in the varied patriarchal structures of these societies. Some of these obstacles that need to be overcome include current low levels of female participation in decision-making and the distinct harms women disproportionately suffer from in the areas of crime (domestic violence, rape, etc.), ethnic conflict, employment, education, and health, to name a few. However, as members of a marginalized group, women should share their experiences and knowledge so that effective and equitable forms of democratic policing can be devised and implemented. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is presented in the form of a conversation between a criminological/sociological theorist and a street researcher. In it we argue for a different approach to the study of crime and deviance more popularly known as cultural criminology. Tracing the geneology of this perspective back to the deviance theories of Matza, Cohen, Katz, Ferrell and Lyng in the U.S. and to the new criminologists and Birmingham School adherents in Britain we present the case for a more critical, cultural turn in criminology that specifically situates itself in the epoch of late modernity. A central tenet of this perspective is to understand norm violations and cultural transgressions not as the end result of social pathology, reproduction or exclusion but as a breaking through of restraints, as a realization of immediacy, and as a reassertion of identity and ontology. We conclude that only through such revisionism can we bring a drifting and quiescent criminology back to its early humanistic and interdisciplinary promise and in particular to its critical, sociological roots. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sociologists study environmental inequality, but there is little in the extant environmental sociology or criminology literature that would be considered the study environmental crime. One challenge for researchers of environmental crime is that there are many different ideas as to what type of actions constitute an environmental crime. This paper provides the description of an integrated framework of theories from criminology with which environmental crime can be researched, linking criminology with environmental sociology. I start with a discussion as to why it is difficult to define an action as an environmental crime. I then get into the framework, presenting the life-course perspective and an argument to apply it to a corporation. Then I look at the environmental crime act and criminal with the routine activities perspective and use it to explain why environmental crimes occur, and why a corporation may commit them. I conclude with a very brief discussion on the challenges of doing empirical research in this area. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social disorganization theory posits that patterns of crime emerge because neighborhood characteristics contribute to differences in propensity for criminality. Routine activity theory asserts that patterns emerge due to contextual differences in opportunity for criminal acts. Given that a criminal event requires both a motivated offender and an opportunity, scholars have recognized that these two independent traditions are complementary in nature. Spatial characteristics associated with the creation of criminality or opportunity may both be independently associated with the distribution of criminal events, but when there is a simultaneous geographic occurrence an interaction may occur whereby there is a multiplicative, rather than an additive, effect. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature that seeks to integrate these two theories on the basis of empirical interaction effects, but makes a unique contribution in that it uses hierarchical linear analysis in the context of a much smaller level-one unit. It is believed that, as a direct result of this methodological improvement, this study more strongly supports an interaction-based integration. Both micro- and macro-level social contexts are found to make significant contributions, and the influence of micro-level characteristics are found to be contingent on the macro-level environments in which they are nested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines conditions and consequences of sociology's "fizzling out at the edges," a process through which sociology passes areas of specialization on to newly institutionalizing fields with their own academic departments, associations, journals, and funding programs. Examining the case of American crime and crime control research, we find support for arguments from the sociology of science regarding push factors such as sociology's structural weakness and task uncertainty. Theses from political sociology are also supported as they point at pull factors such as government research funding, demand for training in new or expanding government-induced occupational fields, and the production of data sets and accompanying training programs by government agencies. The process is described based on a growing body of literature on the history of criminology and on the analysis of a data set resulting from content analysis of 1,612 journal articles on crime and crime control. The analysis indicates that shifts in the structure of crime research are accompanied by changes in the structure of social science knowledge about crime and crime control. The article concludes with considerations regarding the external validity of findings for other specialty areas in sociology and for sociology in other national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on a sociological classic, W.I. Thomas?s book the Unadjusted Girl to relate cognitive turns in criminology. It does so with the aim of presenting certain turning points in the way cognition is related to crime. Modern-societies are more oriented towards the psychological with a variety of interests and concerns that go beyond the tight fit of traditional communities. Several concepts of modernity and delinquency are related to take into account the diverse ways in which the determinants of crime may take into account the cognitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contagion can be defined as a process by which a disease, behavior, or mood transmits from one person to the next. Following a few pioneering studies on the contagious nature of violence, prolific efforts have evolved to understand the temporal fluctuations or spatial spread of crime. Despite a growing interest in social contagion, existent research has been neglectful of the linkage between theoretical accounts of social contagion and empirical evidence supporting temporal fluctuations or spatial distribution of crime. The current paper examines one of the mechanisms by which social contagion of crime can be further elaborated. The main proposition of this study is that population density, ethnic homogeneity, and the concentration of social transactions will facilitate the process of social contagion, which, in turn, explains temporal change or spatial spread of crime. Utilizing trajectory modeling and spatial econometric modeling, the study presents a theoretical framework for and empirical evidence of the contagious nature of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing qualitative research methods in the form of participant observation and in-depth interviews, I have been documenting neighborhood changes in a public housing development undergoing demolition and redevelopment. This paper posits that residents of the Henry Horner Homes possess cognitive maps of their neighborhood and that these cognitive maps are being challenged by the demolition and redevelopment of public housing. In this housing development, social control is maintained through intricate cognitive maps, which are currently based on gang territories. These maps inform and restrict residents? daily travels, inform them of safe and dangerous physical and symbolic spaces and mark individuals as potential friends or foes. The Plans for Transformation are not just dismantling physical structures, but they are also socially dismantling a community. Ironically, a policy that was intended to decrease concentrations of poverty, race, and violence is actually increasing perceptions of violence due to the reallocation of social space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines changes in homicide offense rates in nine Central Eastern European countries from 1985 to 1999. The goals are to document and explain changes in homicide patterns and trends due to the fall of communism and the subsequent political and economic reforms. It explains variations in homicide rates in terms of the structural and cultural contexts of crime, as well as the post-socialist transformation paths. It analyzes data from a variety of secondary sources using ordinary least squares regression with panel-corrected standard errors to account for the pooled nature of the data. The quantitative analyses show that traditional cross-national crime predictors account for much variation in homicide rates in Central Eastern Europe, but the models are improved when the post-socialist transformation paths are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an investigation of hustling that uses the perspectives of critical criminology and intersectionality to pull apart the meanings embedded in the concept. As such it is an attempt to correct for an overly economic conception of hustling that has dominated research with in criminology and urban sociology. It is based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a Career Development class in an agency that serves formerly incarcerated individuals who are primarily male, African American and Latino. The study utilizes reflexive methods and is based on participant observation and interviews with program staff and participants. The meanings that are attached to the concept of the hustle are discussed in the context of the institutions that shape each understanding. The implications of hustling for practice with in reentry and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University / Daugavpils Universitates Starptautiskas Zinatniskas Konferences Materiali is the property of Daugavpils University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)