Search

The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This symposium addressed key findings of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development-sponsored book "Promoting the Health of Adolescents: New Directions for the Twenty-First Century." A panel of experts focused on science policy implications of critical issues in adolescent health promotion that have proven difficult to address such as the effects of poverty, adolescent sexuality, and violence. Included on the panel were experts from Canada and Mexico who provided an international perspective on adolescent health promotion. Following an introduction by Elena O. Nightingale, special advisor to the President, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the following chapters are presented: (1) "Historical Perspective on Adolescent Health Promotion"; (2) "Health-Enhancing and Health Compromising Behaviors during Adolescence" (Delbert S. Elliott); (3) "Poverty, Health, and Adolescent Health Promotion" (William Julius Wilson); (4) "Promoting Healthy Adolescent Sexuality" (Herant Katchadourian); (5) "Promoting Safety and Nonviolent Conflict Resolution in Adolescence" (Mark L. Rosenberg); and (6) "Cross-National Perspectives; Views of Adolescent Health Promotion from Canada and Mexico" (Ivan B. Pless--Canadian Perspective, Anameli Monroy--Mexican Perspective). In his concluding remarks, David A. Hamburg, President, Carnegie Corporation of New York, states that most risky behavior is still tentative and exploratory. There is, therefore, an opportunity for preventive interventions, provided that individual development, the social context of development, and the biological variability that makes different individuals more or less vulnerable to different kinds of environmental insults are understood. Research can offer important insights for the construction of more rational preventive interventions. (LL)

Soft skills are key for the successful realisation of individuals in their personal, professional and social life, but scientific research conducted on the soft skills of homeschoolers is still scarce so far. One of the most frequent questions, when homeschooling is discussed concerns the presumed lack of social skills of homeschoolers. A common assumption is that homeschoolers' socialisation is compromised and homeschooled individuals' soft skills development is, therefore, impaired. However, researchers, education specialists, and homeschooling families have differing opinions about this question. Research shows that the concern of social skills deficit comes often from outside the families, although parents usually care the most about their children's wellbeing. Homeschoolers, who were surveyed in the framework of this research did not confirm this assumption either. Therefore, there seems to be a clear need for deeper understanding and further exploration of the soft skills of homeschoolers. This paper aims to present the initial findings, discovered through theoretical study and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the preliminary results of an online survey conducted with homeschoolers from 3 countries aged over 16 years in order to explore the soft skills they develop. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

This volume includes four sections of the 2020 NORDSCI international conference proceedings: (1) Education and Educational Research; (2) Language and Linguistics; (3) Philosophy; and (4) Sociology and Healthcare. Education and Educational Research includes 15 papers covering the full spectrum of education, including history, sociology and economy of education, educational policy, strategy and technologies. This section also covers pedagogy and special education. Language and Linguistics includes 6 papers covering topics related to theoretical, literary and historical linguistics, as well as stylistics and philology. The Philosophy section includes 2 papers and covers the full spectrum of philosophy history, methods, foundation, society studies and the interpretation of philosophy. The Sociology and Healthcare section has 9 papers covering topics related to human society, social structures, and social change, healthcare systems and healthcare services. [Individual papers from the Education and Educational Research section of these proceedings are indexed in ERIC.]

The purpose of this study is to present a cross-cultural description of responses to the Adolescent Intermediate Concepts Measure (hereafter the AD-ICM). Since the introduction of the AD-ICM, the measure has been used multiple times in the US, in The Republic of Macedonia, Taiwan, and the UK. Focusing on these data, the proposed paper session seeks to address what has been learned from the measure about adolescent applications of the virtues across cultures and settings. Specifically, we attend to what is common and what is unique to each setting. The proposed paper presentation will describe and interpret these findings and conclude with a discussion about the development of character over the adolescent years.

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

This presentation transcript discusses the roles of schools and the public following the enrollment of ten elementary and secondary school students who have AIDS in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The processes used to allow the children to enter or re-enter the classroom with minimal conflict are discussed. Since the opportunities for transmission of the virus are negligible during the school day, the public needs to know that extraordinary measures are not required to protect students and that the afflicted students need not be identified. The writer recommends that public meetings be held off school grounds to move focus away from the school and to allow for peripheral issues surrounding AIDS, such as adolescent sexual activity and drug use. School staff also have concerns, particularly about their risk of exposure, and teachers and administrators must be prepared to discuss the issue. Six figures highlight points made in the presentation. (RJM)

Estimates of the school-age, 5-17-year-old, language minority and Limited-English-Proficient (LEP) populations in the United States are discussed. The estimates are based on the population counts for first, second, and third generation Hispanics, Anglos, Asians, and Blacks derived from the June 1988 Current Population Survey. The language minority population is estimated by determining the ratio of language minority children to the total population for each race-ethnic-generation group from the November 1979 Current Population Survey. The LEP estimates, derived from multiplication of the non-English languages background (NELB) population by LEP-to-NELB ratios established in previous studies, are much higher than some projections that do not reflect the impact of recent high rates of Hispanic and Asian immigration. Fifteen tables and figures are provided to illustrate population statistics, language usage, generational distributions, etc. (LB)

A series of case studies observed a literacy program for adolescents and adults which can be administered to 16 students at a time, includes training in touch typing and word processing, treats phonics on an adult level, and uses the kind of technology (such as interactive computer programs) that in itself defines "literacy" for our age. Literacy classes in four secondary schools (101 students) and four adult learning centers (27 students) were observed. Overall, the students showed gains in scores on the standardized reading comprehension tests, acquired some typing and word processing skills, reacted positively to the course, and viewed their participation as a success experience. Implications are that: (1) the programs need to be accompanied by appropriate guidance, counseling, and supplementary training; (2) it is probably difficult to develop a program that is equally suitable for adult and adolescent students; (3) programs need to be developed with a full understanding and appreciation of the context in which they will be offered; (4) to minimize dropout and poor attendance, it is important to determine the recruitment methods, selection criteria, program configuration, and types of encouragement that best predict program completion and attendance; (5) students entering literacy training programs do not seem to be as discouraged by past failures as "folk wisdom" and popular literature might suggest; (6) it is no easier to detect subtle personal changes in students in literacy training programs than in any other educational interventions; (7) literacy training for adolescents and adults may be enhanced by the inclusion of novel and timely components and approaches; and (8) there seems to be some advantage in small group instruction for adults. (SR)

This paper investigated the multiple identities of high achieving black students. While research has shown that identity formation is related to academic engagement and school success, the scholarly community needs a more informed understanding of how academically successful black adolescents embrace and negotiate multiple identities in their pursuit of academic success. This is important because recent explanations regarding the achievement gap between black and white students has centered around cultural explanations, and assert that black students-even those who live and attend schools in middle class and affluent settings-do not value, and are disengaged from schooling. Such explanations have created a maelstrom by asserting that black culture (particularly African American culture) plays a major role in the achievement gap. We believe that other factors might be at play in social and academic identity because the students highlighted in this paper were achieving academically, while maintaining their racial identity and black culture. Using ethnographic interview data, key finding revealed that these students successfully balanced multiple identities, while simultaneously achieving academically in school. The paper highlights the need for further investigations of academically successful black students across social class and ethnicity, particularly in black communities in the U.S. South. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on parent-child relationships has identified many factors that impact the quality of those relationships, but less often do studies attempt to describe qualitative aspects of these family dynamics. Conflict within families and how it is handled are two aspects of family life in which we know that there is great variation - some families experience near-constant conflict, while others rarely have conflicts. The nature of the conflicts varies as well; some families tend to handle conflicts calmly, while others have much more heated exchanges. The wide range of these experiences prompts questions about whether there are systematic patterns or similarities across families in how they experience and handle conflict. This paper uses qualitative data from the National Study of Youth and Religion to examine adolescents' descriptions of their conflict resolution strategies, and explore what factors are associated with these similarities and differences in those descriptions. The paper also discusses ways that systematic variations in dealing with family conflict may be linked to large-scale patterns of inequality. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that the educational careers of American adolescents are often linked to the marital histories of their parents. Although this literature is indeed rich, it has largely focused on static indicators of both family structure and academic careers?two domains of the adolescent experience that are far from static. Using a sample drawn from the National Study of Adolescent Health and data from the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study, the educational supplement to Add Health, this paper studied the association between family structure and adolescent academic experiences dynamically, considering the effect of parents? martial trajectories, measured across the adolescent life course, on their curricular location in the math pipeline at two transition points in high school. It also explored the meditating role of parenting behaviors and adolescent self-perceptions on this association at the end of high school and examined the extent to which race moderated this relationship. Findings suggest that family structure history is associated with curricular location at the start of high school and the effect, especially for adolescents in stepparent families, remains significant at the end of high school, after curricular location at the start of high school is controlled. Indicators of parenting behaviors and self-concept do not mediate this association but race does moderate it. Specifically, the observed negative effects associated with stepparent families appear concentrated among non-Black youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the country, there have been several mass school shootings in recent years occurring in rural/suburban areas, the most memorable of which occurred at Columbine High School in April of 1999, resulting in 13 deaths and more than 20 wounded. Why do some students decide to not only take a gun to school but use it, shooting and killing peers? I propose that these students feel wronged and as a result of real and/or perceived injustices feel they must retaliate with violent action. In this paper, I will first analyze the system that deflects attention from those students that have primarily been responsible for these ?rampages? and how this relates to our social definitions of juvenile crime and crime in general. Then the experiences and influences that turn ?average? young male adults into school shooters will be explored, such as the culture of adolescence and high school, as well as violent mass media. As a conclusion, I will investigate what can and should be done to help prevent the next school shooting, help the victims and perpetrators of these tragedies and why what society and schools are currently doing to prevent and punish may be more damaging than helpful in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teens and young adults in the United States have higher rates of sexually transmitted disease (STD) than older adults, and female adolescents generally have higher rates than same-age males. Some existing literature, often based on an evolutionary psychological approach, suggests that females may be more likely to tolerate sexual infidelity, a potential explanation for gender differences in STD rates. This paper uses data from wave 3 of the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n=583) to explore the association of sexual infidelity with the breakup of adolescent dating relationships. Specifically, this study addresses two questions: first, if females are more likely to remain in a relationship that is not sexually exclusive, and second, if relationship qualities (commitment, conflict, etc.) mediate the relationships between infidelity, gender, and break-up. Logistic regression is used to predict the break-up of adolescents' most recent dating relationship based on the occurrence of infidelity, relationship qualities, and demographic controls including gender. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the disparity in peer influences between African American and white adolescents. Specifically, we examine how delinquent peers affect contraceptive self-efficacy differently for black and white adolescents. Employing mediating and moderating models we find that although contraceptive self-efficacy reduces risky sexual behavior for both races, delinquent peers reduce contraceptive self-efficacy only among African American adolescents and not for white adolescents. The beneficial effect of contraceptive self-efficacy that protects adolescents from taking sexual-risks are mitigated by delinquent peers for African Americans and not for whites. We couch the findings within the debate that peers affect African American adolescents to a greater extent than white or vice versa. We use the first wave (1995) of the Add Health data set and our subsample comprises of adolescents who have been sexually active within the past year. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent sociological literature has questioned whether classical theories of immigrant adaptation, which assumed assimilation to be an integral part of the process of upward mobility for immigrants, are still applicable to today's immigrant youth. One theory that has emerged from this debate is segmented assimilation theory. This theory makes two main contentions: It argues that the effects of assimilation depend on the local context, and also that immigrants can choose whether to fully assimilate. However, the theory does not explicitly link these two contentions. I extend segmented assimilation theory by arguing that if immigrant families indeed experience divergent outcomes of assimilation depending on local context, they may anticipate these consequences and adjust their assimilation behavior accordingly. It therefore follows that the decision of whether and how to assimilate may also depend on local context. I use data from Add Health to investigate the hypothesis that neighborhood socioeconomic status affects how immigrant parents guide their children's assimilation processes, and that therefore immigrant children's degree of assimilation varies systematically according to neighborhood SES. I operationalize assimilation as the degree of similarity between immigrant and non-immigrant youth with respect to peer-influenced at-risk behaviors such as delinquency, violence, and controlled/illegal substance use. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines neighborhood effects on the efficacy of a culturally grounded school based substance use prevention program called keeping' it REAL. The study examined whether neighborhood poverty, crime, immigrant composition and the concentration of single mother families influenced the degree to which the prevention program achieved desired outcomes in reducing or preventing use of alcohol and other substances. Data were drawn from a randomized trial of the program in 35 Phoenix, Arizona middle schools involving 4,622 7th graders. Multivariate, multi-level SAS Proc Mixed models were employed to account for school/neighborhood random effects and control for key individual-level characteristics (age, gender, SES and academic performance). Multiple imputation techniques adjusted for attrition and planned missingness. Results showed a pattern of appreciable neighborhood effects on the strength of desired prevention program outcomes, although these were restricted to students who were less linguistically acculturated Latinos. For this group, a higher neighborhood concentration of single mother families decreased program effectiveness in combating alcohol use, as did neighborhood poverty. High immigrant composition of neighborhoods, on the other hand, increased program effectiveness against alcohol use. An unexpected result was that the program was also more effective among the less acculturated Latinos in neighborhoods with higher rates of crime. Findings are discussed in light of theories of neighborhood social disorganization, immigrant adaptation, and social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores differences in sexual behaviors between adolescents with low and with average cognitive abilities in the U.S. Using data from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we identified 422 respondents who had low cognitive abilities. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression methods were used to compare their experiences of romantic attraction, coital sex, contraceptive use, STDs, and pregnancy with those of respondents who were mentally average. Results show that adolescents with low cognitive abilities had fewer experiences of romantic attraction and coital sex. Given romantic-attraction experience, these boys had higher odds for same-sex (vs. opposite-sex) attraction compared with average boys. Among non-virgins, mentally disadvantaged adolescents were less likely to use contraceptives and had higher risks of STDs and pregnancy. More attention is needed to guide and protect them in their sexual understanding and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States with the lowest levels of educational attainment, little is known about their educational aspirations and expectations. Furthermore, the tendency among sociologists studying education is to treat all Latino respondents as members of a homogenous group, despite important ethnic differences between them. In this study, we examine variations in the effects of family structure, socioeconomic status and school performance on the desire to attend college and the percieved likelihood of going to college among Cuban-, Puerto Rican-, and Mexican-origin adolescents using data from AddHealth. Our findings show that, overall, Latinos have high aspirations but low expectations for college; however, the predictors of these outcomes vary markedly across groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the relationships between work experience and delinquency among youths of Mexican descent. Social scientists have raised concern that teenage work experience might undermine the emotional well-being of adolescents as well as their investment in education. The question remains an important one in light of demographic projections for population growth among Hispanics, the majority of whom claim Mexican ancestry. Using multivariate regression and data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988-92, I find that for U.S.-born youths of Mexican descent and Anglo youths work experience increases delinquency. In contrast, among Mexican immigrant adolescents, work reduces delinquency. That the outcome for the former group more closely resembles that for non-Hispanic White adolescents than Mexican immigrants suggests U.S.-born youths of Mexican descent may suffer adverse effects from assimilation processes that Mexican culture may nullify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does adolescent alcohol consumption affect educational performance? While traditional studies of status attainment have specifically focused on causal factors that are considerably removed from actual behavior, such as socioeconomic status, family structure and functioning, as well as intrapersonal factors, there has been considerably less focus on specific adolescent behaviors and their role in influencing educational outcomes. This study specifically focuses on the role that under-age drinking, one of the most prevalent risk behaviors in adolescence, plays in shaping school performance. By including specific combinations of both measures of average quantity of drinking as well as episodes of heavy drinking, I investigate the degree with which different drinking patterns predict self-reported GPA. This study also avoids potential shortcomings of previous research on this topic by using a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States interviewed at two points in time and including an extensive number of known mediators of academic success. The results provide compelling evidence that alcohol use puts students at a higher risk for having lower grade point averages, controlling for other well-established predictors. Yet, this is only the case for two specific drinking patterns: Students who have engaged in one or more bingeing occasions and either drink moderate or high quantities of alcohol on a daily basis. This study further highlights the moderating effect of age: Negative effects of high average consumption and heavy daily drinking on academic performance apply to younger students only. The findings of this study not only highlights the need to include behavioral indicators as predictors in studies of educational attainment, but also indicate the importance of combining measures of quantity and frequency of drinking when examining the consequences of adolescent alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although approximately one-fourth of all children born in the United States in the early 1980s are expected to spend some time living in a stepfamily, our understanding of the implications of parental (re)marriage for the well-being of youth remains remarkably incomplete. Using data from the 1994-95 wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we investigate the relationship between living in a stepfamily and adolescent delinquency and drug use. We disaggregate stepfamilies into those formed after a non-marital birth and those formed after separation or divorce. We consider several theoretical explanations for the effects of family structure on adolescent behavioral well-being, including perspectives emphasizing economic deprivation, social control, stress and instability, and community connections. While prior research generally suggests that parental remarriage has either no effect or a detrimental effect on adolescent delinquency and drug use, the current results instead point to potential benefits of remarriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to compare the content of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage advertising content to which adolescents are exposed in the United States. Methods: A census of beverage advertising in popular magazines and on network television (n=757 ads) during the months of November, 1999-April, 2000 was analyzed for content and frequency. Results: By far, the most alcoholic beverage ads appeared in Sports Illustrated (110) followed by Rolling Stone (98) and Playboy (75). Alcohol advertising outnumbers nonalcohol advertising by a ratio of 3 to 1. All types of beverage ads emphasized relaxation and portrayals of young adults. Alcohol was almost never associated with dining. Ads rarely portrayed risky situations but frequently were placed in magazines featuring sports and sexually oriented content. Alcohol ads demonstrated an emphasis on sexual and social stereotyping of women, and a lack of ethnic and age-related diversity. Themes and settings of alcohol ads were similar to those present in nonalcohol ads. One of every six magazine alcohol ads, and one of every 14 video-based ads, appeared to target underage drinkers. Conclusions: Alcohol is advertised heavily in media outlets favored by youth. Alcohol advertisements also include many stereotypes and many elements known to appeal to youth, particularly youth already at risk to drink alcohol. That themes in alcohol ads parallel those in nonalcohol ads may further increase youth's receptivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative content analysis investigated the coverage of virginity loss (i.e., occurrence, tone, and association with negative consequences) and pregnancy (i.e., occurrence, tone, and negative consequence of sex) in 2496 feature stories from all 2006-2008 issues of three US and three Dutch teen girl magazines. Stories about virginity loss and pregnancy occurred equally often in the US and Dutch magazines. Moreover, pregnancy was attached with a negative tone in both the US and the Dutch coverage. Virginity loss, however, was portrayed with a positive tone more often in the Dutch coverage than in the US coverage. In addition, Pregnancy was depicted as a negative consequence more often in the US coverage than in the Dutch coverage. Implications are discussed in terms of adolescent sexual socialization in the US and the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sample of N=747 late adolescents from three countries, South African, the Netherlands and the United States, evaluated one version of a Web site that presented STI information in two content conditions, either stories or statistics, and two visual forms, pallid and vivid. Covariates relative to STI information-seeking on the Internet were used, as well. The study found statistical content was preferred across the three countries. More vivid visuals were preferred by adolescents from the U.S. but had no impact for the South African and Dutch adolescents. Dutch participants evaluated Web site characteristics lower on all criteria, suggesting a more open atmosphere for sexual health matters in that culture. Further cultural differences are discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to extend our understanding of the ways home-based adolescent parent involvement operates and the concomitant effects it has on adolescent well-being and academic achievement. We investigated the links between parents' support and competitiveness in the home and adolescents' well-being both inside and outside of school using data from parents and adolescents of over 200 middle-class, dual-earner families in eight communities across the U.S. First, a high degree of parental challenge and support was positively associated with adolescent grades and positive states of well-being. Clear links were found between the competitive interactions adolescents have with their parents at home and their own competitiveness and well-being at school—indicating that adolescents may actually learn about competing at home. However, moms and dads play somewhat different roles in their adolescents' school and home lives, and, as a result contribute differently to their adolescents' competitiveness, achievement, and well-being while at school and home. Finally, our examination of highly competitive adolescents, as compared to their low competition counterparts, show that while they suffer few ill effects as a result of competing at school, they experience lower levels of self-esteem while at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has given only cursory attention to the formation of parental expectations for their children among low-income adults. This omission emanates from a fairly widespread assumption that such considerations tend to be overly optimistic and obscure fundamental realities that may limit the life chances of poor urban families. In this study, we explore the extent to which the conditions of disadvantaged neighborhoods as well as mothers' own related experiences and their children's recent academic and delinquent behavior all factor into mothers' expectations that their adolescent children will lead economically stable and socially responsible lives. Using data from a recent longitudinal study of poor and near poor families in three major U.S. cities, we find that mothers' subjective assessments of their neighborhood conditions have more to do with what mothers' expect for their daughters than their sons. Mothers who are currently on welfare also have more favorable expectations for their daughters in comparison to mothers who were never on welfare, suggesting that many recipients may have internalized some of the more motivational messages of welfare reform. Mothers' expectations for their sons are mostly influenced by their recent delinquent behavior and the presence of an adult partner in the household. Taken together, these results underscore the need for future research to better understand the multiple social forces that influence parents' expectations for their children. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although past studies have investigated the coverage of sexual desire and danger in media, no study to date has conducted a content analysis of adolescent sexual desire and danger in female teen magazines from a cross-cultural perspective. Drawing on 753 feature stories from recent issues of the US female teen magazines Seventeen, CosmoGirl!, and Teen, and 1743 feature stories from the Dutch female teen magazines Fancy, CosmoGirl! NL, and Girlz!, this study found significant differences between the coverage of sexual desire (i.e., sexual wanting, and pleasure) and danger (i.e., sexual risks, and negative physical/health consequences of sex) in US and Dutch female teen magazines. Sexual wanting, sexual risk, and negative physical/health consequences of sex occurred more in US magazines than Dutch magazines. Pleasure occurred more frequently in Dutch magazines than US magazines. Implications are discussed in terms of how teenagers may use these scripts to make decisions about their sexuality. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]