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Two 1976 workshops (Seoul, Korea--June 6-13; Tugu, Bogor, Indonesia--November 7-14) in the Integral Rural Development series had as their objectives to: study the role of training in and value of an integrated rural development approach; exchange experiences on the impact of new agricultural technology upon institutions and people at the village level; and exchange experiences on training philosophies useful for building self-reliant rural communities. The workshops focused on man and woman as the central concern of rural development. What are the "concepts" by which rural people view their reality and express their will to enter development processes as equals? What "creative" capabilities reside in rural men and women for the humanization of their lives? What economic, political, social and cultural "structures" facilitate or constrain the thrust of rural communities for integral human development? How can development efforts bring "wholeness" to rural life, long broken up both from within itself and from the outside by exploitative and oppressive forces? These four main topics were addressed through orientations, workshop discussions, reflections, and proposed actions. Theodor Dams' position paper, "Rural Development: Marketing of Agricultural Products", is included in the report, as well as appendixes dealing with case study outlines and listing the participants of both conferences. (BR)

General objective of the workshop was to provide a forum for Asian rural leaders in which they could discern the significance and implication of crucial processes by which human potentialities are harnessed for the integral growth of rural peoples and communities. The central question addressed was how to combine economic growth with social justice; although the target economic growth rate (based on the Gross National Product) has been exceeded, the great mass of rural peoples in the Third World remains distressingly poor, undernourished, illiterate, and unemployed. Although it was felt that rural man can win participation in his own development when two other related goals of development are considered (economic growth and freedom), in Asia the interplay between these three essential factors remains one of conflict rather than of mutual reinforcement. Three central themes emerged: the role of government in development; the people as subjects of development; and participation as a strategy of human development. Under those themes, participants chose to further explore modernization, education and training, human settlements and land use, participation strategies, communication, and rural socio-economic structures and external systems. Representatives from 12 Asian nations participated; their national reports are included, as well as their blueprints for action and personal reflections. (BR)

The proceedings of the Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development's seminar and the meaning and implications of social commitment in higher education are reported. The welcoming address (S. Nasution) and the opening address (Y. B. Dato' Murad bin Mohd. Noor) welcome the participants and set the tone for the discussions to follow. The seminar was broken down into three categories. Part I, "The Meaning and Implications of Social Commitment in Higher Education," (Wu Teh-Yao) sets a broad base for discussion. Part II, "Socio-Economic Needs and Problems: Challenge to Higher Education in Southeast Asia," contains five papers related to higher education in Southeast Asia, using Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand as focus areas. Part III, "Means and Methods of Achieving Integrated Programmes in Higher Education in Southeast Asia to Meet Basic Needs for Food," contains six papers again focusing on the areas in Part II as examples. The final section offers conclusions and recommendations. It is concluded that universities should inculcate social commitment and responsibility as well as directing meaningful involvement among students and staff in meeting social obligations. Several recommendations are made by several countries for regional and national projects. Appendices include a program of the seminar and a list of participants and observers. (LC)