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This paper describes improvements to outcomes of a series of INSET courses held in Guangdong Province (formerly Canton), Republic of China, brought about by the use of inbuilt iPad tablet computer technology. Each course comprised training delivered to vocational school and college teachers over two three-day periods at various sites in the province. All courses were delivered with the help of translators. Some difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of the course were perceived by the course trainer. The hardest part of the process was, effectively, getting the feedback that indicated 'yes, I understand' and 'therefore I can (attempt to) apply in my setting'. This understanding and intention was to be evidenced in the reflection stage of the training. Initially, however, this reflection was found to lack depth and, often, to be based on only part of the training. There were some reasons to consider the translation process as a factor, so an action research approach was used to develop and trial improvements to this process. Ultimately, the use of certain technology on the iPad tablet meant that any issues of translation that might affect reflective outcomes were removed, as the need for detailed translation was itself removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic spectrum access has been a subject of extensive study in recent years. The increasing volume of literature calls for a deeper understanding of the characteristics of current spectrum utilization. In this paper we present a detailed spectrum measurement study, with data collected in the 20MHz to 3GHz spectrum band and at four locations concurrently in Guangdong province of China. We examine the first and second order statistics of the collected data, including channel occupancy/vacancy statistics, channel utilization within each individual wireless service, and the temporal, spectral, and spatial correlation of these measures. Main findings include that the channel vacancy durations follow an exponential-like distribution, but are not independently distributed over time, and that significant spectral and spatial correlations are found between channels of the same service. We then exploit such spectrum correlation to develop a 2-dimensional frequent pattern mining algorithm that can accurately predict channel availability based on past observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of Jiqingli Tea Garden in Guangdong Province was rated as one of China's top ten beautiful tea gardens by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2014. In 2019, Jiqingli Tea Garden started a digital art project of 4D holographic projection to create Jiqingli's cultural landscape and created a tourism resource of the whole realm by taking advantage of the landscape and topography of the tea garden. The digital art project of 4D holographic projection for the cultural landscape of Jiqingli tea garden innovates its tourism cultural resources by using modern digital media design and integrating digital scientific and technological means to transform the singing and dancing, music, and tea picking culture into audio-visual works of 3D holographic projection. For example, the project uses digital acquisition, digital design, digital special effects, digital sound, 3D animation holographic laser projection, virtual reality technology, and other scientific and technological means to recreate the landscape culture and art of the Jiqingli tea garden. Digital technology allows forming a 3D three-dimensional work of large-scale acousto-optic holographic images and adding the situational language of scientific and technological means. It forms the effect of 4D holographic projection to allow the audience to be personally present. The project aims to create a brand-new visual, audio, and emotional cultural product for the space of Jiqingli tea garden to realize the creation of new eco-tourism resources combining ecological natural resources and digital media design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, Shenzhen, a city north of Hong Kong in mainland China, has developed into a vibrant center of cheap consumer goods and services, visited daily by many Hong Kong residents. This northbound consumption phenomenon inevitably includes drug consumption in discos and other venues whose businesses depend substantially on the large Hong Kong clientele. The availability of cheap drugs and consumption venues in Shenzhen has been criticized by Hong Kong people as a major cause of increasing drug abuse among young people in Hong Kong. This paper analyzes data collected from a sample of 402 drug-using marginal youths in Hong Kong in 2003. Results show that less than half of the respondents had consumed drugs in Shenzhen, and the pattern of use in Shenzhen had been recreational (occasional use, and popularity of club drugs such as ecstasy and ketamine). A major reason for choosing venues in Shenzhen was physical convenience, as youths living in the northern part of Hong Kong, which is very close to Shenzhen, are much more likely to visit Shenzhen than those living in other districts of Hong Kong. Contrary to the ethnocentric view of Hong Kong people that Shenzhen should be blamed for the increasing drug abuse among Hong Kong youths, Shenzhen was a rational choice of locations by Hong Kong youths, whose involvement in drugs was part of the global trend of recreational drug use among youths today rather than a victim of the easy availability of drugs and venues in Shenzhen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1978, rural China has undergone tremendous social changes, especially villages in Guangdong Province; for example, not only the communes do not exist anymore, the villagers no longer do any farming, in many places, the locals are also outnumbered by migrants by more than a hundred percent. The current study examines the new power structure in such a village. In particular, the study examines the relationship between the collective corporation, the local government and the kinship groups, and their role in the new power structure. The author conducted fieldwork in a village near Shenzhen. This village has 153 local residents but 30,000 ?outsiders?. It is found that, together, the local government, the kinship groups, and the collective corporation have created an exclusive and efficient social management for local economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the sludge of three municipal sewage treatment plants in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, was dewatered and recycled. The experimental results shown that after deep dewatering with different chemical conditioning reagents, the moisture content of municipal sewage sludge was decreased greatly, from about 97% to about 55%. After dewatering, the organic matter content of sludge was maintained at a high level which is beneficial to the composting treatment of the sludge. The organic matter content of sludge in Foshan No. 1 Sewage Treatment Plant and No. 2 Sewage Treatment Plant was more than 30%, while it was between 15% and 20% in Foshan No. 3 Sewage Treatment Plant. Sludge from all three sewage treatment plants neeed to add a small amount of nutrients to compost. After 14 days of the aerobic composting, the moisture content of the sewage sludge could be reduced to less than 50%, and all the index met the requirements of the agricultural standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Chinese restaurant businesses expand, new immigrants from other ethnic groups, including Latinos, who come from even more disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, have begun working in this ethnic enclave industry. This study used ethnographic methods to compare day-to-day work experiences of both Latino and Chinese laborers in the Chinese-owned restaurant industry, in order to better understand questions of to what extent ethnicity plays a role in the development of an enclave economy? How does the nature of the ethnic enclave shape coethnic and cross-ethnic employment relationships? I have come to conclude that language incapacity hampers most Latino workers' social incorporation within the Chinese enclave, obstructing their ability to achieve upward social mobility within the ethnic enclave as Chinese immigrants. In addition to language barriers, the Chinese community's acquaintance culture-- along with its embedded trust relationships--also conspires to prevent most Latino workers from accessing the same ethnic resources as Chinese workers do. Indeed, it is clear that when Chinese immigrants' origins shifted from Guangdong (a province on the South China Sea coast) to Fujian (a province on the southeast coast of mainland China), the role played by this acquaintance culture which previous studies have described as 'ethnic solidarity', essentially reflects protection of hometown association and kinship solidarity. On the one hand, this acquaintance culture provides Chinese immigrants with opportunities within the ethnic enclave, but on the other hand, it hinders their resort to resources outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]