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PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company engaged in the manufacture of plastic roof. The products produced are Alderon, RS, Flat, and Wuwungan. In production requires a lot of raw materials, but the company does not have an area where raw materials. The production process of PT. XYZ uses forklift transport equipment. Obtained material handling transfer cost at the initial layout of Rp28,403,362.45. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new layout and design a warehouse proposal. Obtained material handling transfer cost in the ARC proposal layout of Rp19,360,439.60 with efficiency of 32%. It also created a comparative layout using corelap software. Obtained the cost of material handling movement on the layout of the proposed software corelap of Rp23,957,207.44 with an efficiency of 16%. So in this case the proposed layout ARC layout is better because it can save 32% cost of material movement from the initial layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this modern age, where information, communication, and technology are developing rapidly, the food & beverage industry began to appear one by one, seeing this phenomenon as a promising business opportunity. Haiso Coffee is an example of a business in this food & beverage industry that focuses on the coffee-based drink that has recently started its business in the retail world. The problems that can be seen during the observation are the working table that still looks not tidy and neat and the worktable is not high enough, seen from the barista posture. Therefore, the research intends to design a tool that can help fix haiso coffee. The working table's design is adjusted according to the needs that haiso coffee required the matrix of needs and interests, which is based on data collected from interviews. The working table has designed a thick base to adjust an ergonomic working table's height with several additional functions. The first shelf functions as a storage and placing several machines and materials on the working table. The second one is for the showcase, which serves as a display for several haiso coffee products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DIF3D code (DIFfusion 3D) has been a workhorse of fast reactor analysis work at Argonne National Laboratory for over 40 years. DIF3D was primarily built in the late 1970s as a three-dimensional multigroup diffusion equation solver operating on semi-structured grid geometries. In the mid-1990s, transport capabilities needed for high-leakage reactor configurations were added to DIF3D with the variational anisotropic nodal transport approach. Recent reactor design activities at Argonne are requiring that a thorough verification of the Argonne Reactor Computation (ARC) codes be performed. With DIF3D being central to the entire ARC system, the verification efforts are focused on the 3D Cartesian, 3D triangular, and 3D hexagonal core geometry options of DIF3D. Validation activities, while needed for the ongoing design activities at Argonne, are handled at a project-specific level. This paper summarizes the verification work so far on the forward and adjoint forms of the fixed source, inhomogeneous fixed source, and k-eigenvalue steady state transport and diffusion equations as implemented specifically for 3D triangular and hexagonal geometries in DIF3D. Since analytic solutions of the neutron diffusion and transport equations are either limited in scope or not possible, this verification required multiple tiers of problems unique to each solver and geometry type, each testing features independent and complementary arguments for why this separate testing of functionalities is acceptable. This separate testing was also supplemented with a high-level integral check of each the diffusion and transport capabilities and applicable geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work devoted to study the influence of water content and catalyst presence on in situ combustion processes of crude oil. The crude oils from Russia oil field were studied. Oxidation process at reservoir conditions (50 bar and 30 °C) was studied for crude oil at different water content (0, 20, 30 % by weight) and catalyst presence (Co3O4). The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils.The correlation between water content, catalyst presence and kinetic parameters was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work to study influence ratio of the components of the gas mixture of oxygen with nitrogen at thermodynamic, kinetic parameters of oxidation oil at reservoir conditions. Mixtures of oxygen with nitrogen were obtained by gravimetric method with different ratios. The oxygen content in the gas mixtures was 3, 15, 21, 40%. The main methods used accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Beginning of the combustion (oxidation) process depends on the oxygen content of the gas mixture. The higher oxygen content in the gas mixture, the higher the initial oxidation temperature, but for the gas mixture of oxygen - 3%, the oxidation process does not proceed. It should be noted that the higher oxygen content, higher the rate of combustion and the end of the process occurs earlier. Kinetic parameters (activation energy, reaction rate, etc.) of oxidation processes of heavy oils were obtained. It was found that increasing the oxygen content in the gas mixture the activation energy is considerably reduced. The most effective mixtures of gases have been identified for their possible application in real deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work devoted to study in situ combustion processes of crude oil at different pressures. The crude oils from Russian Federation were selected field. Oxidation process in reservoir conditions (50.7, 83.8, 101.2, 125.5 bars and 50 °C) was studied for crude oil. The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils. The correlation between reaction duration and initial pressure was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work devoted to study in situ combustion processes of different crude oil. The crude oils from different field of Russian Federation were selected. Oxidation process in reservoir conditions (50 bar and 50 °C) were studied for all crude oils. The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). This method is most suitable for studying the processes of oil oxidation in reservoir conditions. Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils. The correlations between API gravity and activation energy of crude oils oxidation was found. Those correlations will be useful to predict behavior of crude oil oxidation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding is a locally combining process between the contacting surfaces of two metal parts. Due to the frequency of using, especially it can be also addressed in the production process in recent years. While a large part of the arc emits as a heat during welding, others spread into the environment as an ultraviolet radiation caused this heat. The emitted ultraviolet radiation effects on human health depend on the intensity, the energy and the duration time of radiation. These rays are effective in the first and most cornea. A superficial punctate keratitis, typically bilateral, develops early; in severe cases, this objective is frequently followed by total epithelial desquamation. In this study, the 60 patients who have been exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in arc welding have been examined into changes in the structure of the cornea between 2012-2014 time periods. As a result of the examinations, it has been obtained eye pain in %95, eye redness in %5, punctuate keratitis in %100 of patients. Consequently, the wearing glasses has been seen to be reduced the risk of damage on the eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low voltage circuit breakers in modern AC and DC networks should be capable of cut off operational as well as fault currents. An important influence factor for a successful current interruption is determined by the arc-attachment at the electrodes, supporting or limiting a quick arc-movement to the running-rails and towards the extinction chamber. This work presents experimental results of the investigation of the arc behaviour between parallel rails made of different Ag/SnO2 compounds, copper and steel. The arc behaviour was observed with a high speed CCD-camera. The results of the experiments show different attachment characteristics of the arc spots depending on material of the rail and polarity. The mean arc-speed was determined for the different materials. The structure characterization of the arc caused damages on the rails shows typical polarity dependent microstructure formations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the practical consensus problem of networked nonlinear heterogeneous agent with uncertain parameter as well as modeling error is considered under fixed sensing/communication topology. A graphic-theoretical approach combined with adaptive parameter estimation and robust controller is proposed such that the network can reach practical consensus under the graph topology condition mentioned in the paper. Compared with most existing work, the ultimate consensus state is independent of uncertainty and the heterogeneity of the agent. In spite of the practical consensus which means there is some difference between the ultimate state of agent, but the error can be minimized as small as possible. what's more, the information needing to be transferred is very limited. This new result enables an adaptive robust controller(ARC)for consensus protocol for network of agent with high-order nonlinear dynamics and having modeling error. The designing procedure of the protocol is based on back-stepping, and its effectiveness is proven by Lyapunov Function. Finally examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reports test results and reviews for the developed plug and socket-outlet applied to the 400 Vdc power systems expected to improve energy efficiency in communication sites, data centers, commercial buildings, and smart energy systems. However, there are some safety issues to use 400 Vdc power. The plug and socket outlet has a unique mechanism based on combination of a permanent magnet and mechanical contacts in the limited small space. The mechanism should solve the problems such as both arc extinguishing and protection against electric shock known as critical DC power issue for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Power transformers must be evaluated under impulse tests. For that, it is necessary to compare voltage and current waveforms corresponding to reduced-level and full-level voltages. Any difference may correspond to a failure in the transformer under test. This test is based on the principle that there is no change in the generation of the impulse voltage. However, with chopped waveforms, many impulse generators have significant differences in the time of chopping that make difficult to get a conclusion on the test result. This paper presents a new algorithm that generates reduced-level chopped voltage and current waveforms, with arbitrary chopping time, from a couple of reduced voltage of full and chopped waveforms. In this way, it is possible to compare full-level voltage chopped waveforms with reduced-level ones with different chopping times. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Series faults are self-sustained arcs produced in series with the normal path of supply power. The electromagnetic transients produced by these series faults are of interest during the design and analysis of existing and forthcoming dc microgrids. This paper presents a preliminary series fault simulation model to predict the electromagnetic transients introduced by series faults. Experimental results are compared with simulation results. The simulation results show the random nature of the arc, quenching attempts, arc energy consumption, and the influence of inductive loads. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Arc detection systems are developed for ICRH on ITER to prevent arcs from damaging the RF components. One of the detectors, the Sub-Harmonic Arc Detector (SHAD) is based on the detection of the frequencies emitted in the MHz range by arcs [R1]. To ensure the high level of reliability required for this safety system, it is necessary to demonstrate that these frequencies present a signal with a Signal to Noise Ratio high enough to be detected under the wide range of operational conditions (frequency, power, configuration) and for the different types of arcs that can appear in the feeding lines and on the antennas (vacuum arc, glow discharge, multipactor-induced discharge). For each type of arc, we analyze the evolution of the frequency spectrum relative to the evolution of other electrical parameters (reflected power, voltage). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As spread spectrum technology has revolutionized the communications industry, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is dramatically improving radar performances. These advanced signal processing techniques have been adapted to coaxial cables and waveguides to provide new features and enhanced performance on arc detection. UWB signals constituted by a sequence of chips (properly chosen to reduce side lobes and to improve detection accuracy) are transmitted along the transmission lines at a specified Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and their echoes are received by means of directional couplers. The core of the receiver is an ultra high-speed correlator implemented in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). When a target (arc) is detected, its position and its “radar cross section” are calculated to be able to provide the arc position along the transmission line and to be able to classify the type of detected arc. The “background scattering” is routinely extracted from the received signal at any pulse. This permits to be resilient to the background structure of transmission lines (bends, junctions, windows, etc.). Thanks to the localization feature, segmentation is also possible for creating sensed and non-sensed zones (for example, to be insensitive to antenna load variations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floating particles produced by the high-pressure, pulsed glow discharge on KrF excimer laser excitation have been visualized by the pulsed-laser scatter method. The double-pulse discharge experiments have also been carried out to study the effects of the floating particles on the discharge instabilities. The particles with diameter of the order of 100 µm are observed in the discharge region just after the discharge. The number density of the particles increases to ∼ 3 particle/cm3 at 200 ms after the discharge, and then decreases to ∼ 1 particle/cm3 at 500 ms. In the double-pulse experiment, the probability of arc in the second discharge reduces from 300 ms after the first discharge. It has been clearly demonstrated that the floating particles of the order of 100µm hardly affect the discharge characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The high-pressure, pulsed glow discharge has been studied for further understanding of the excitation discharge on excimer lasers. The influences of shock waves on the discharge have been investigated eliminating the other factors, which may affect the discharge instabilities, such as gas density depletion, discharge products, residual ions and electrode heating. A shock wave of 1.2 in Mach number is produced by utilizing a shock tube with gas mixture of helium and argon in order to simulate the ArF excimer laser. The schlieren photographs of shock wave and direct images of light emitted from the discharge are recorded simultaneously by a high-speed image-converter camera. It is found that, if the shock wave does not reach to but close to the middle of the discharge region, glow discharge occurs only in front of the shock wave. Even if the shock wave passes through the middle of the discharge region, the glow discharge occurs only in front of the shock wave. However, an arc-like filament through the shock front is also produced. If the shock wave passes through the discharge region, the glow discharge can be produced again, however, a surface discharge is also produced between the main electrode and the pre-ionization pin electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

High-pressure, pulsed glow discharge has been studied for the excitation discharge in TEA gas lasers. The influences of the gas density depletion on the high-pressure, pulsed glow discharge have been investigated eliminating the other instabilities, such as shock waves, residual ions, discharge products and electrode heating. The gas density depletion is produced by utilizing a subsonic gas flow between the curved electrodes. A gas mixture of helium and argon is used to simulate the excimer lasers. The comparison has been made on the single-pulse discharge occurred in the presence of the gas density depletion with the second discharge on the double-pulse experiments in a stable gas. We have found that the big gas density depletion tends to induce the arc without other instabilities. In a stable gas, on the other hand, the second discharge of the double-pulse experiments becomes the arc in much smaller gas density depletion. The arc in the highly repetitive operation might be driven by some factors other than the gas density depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As a step towards developing an ultra compact D-D neutron source for various defense and homeland security applications, a compact ion source is needed. Towards that end, we are testing a pulsed, surface flashover source, with deuterated titanium films deposited on alumina substrates as the electrodes. An electrochemically-etched mask was used to define the electrode areas on the substrate during the sputtered deposition of the titanium films. Deuterium loading of the films was performed in an all metal-sealed vacuum chamber containing a heated stage. Deuterium ion current from the source was determined by measuring the neutrons produced when the ions impacted a deuterium-loaded target held at -90 kV. As the duration of the arc current is varied, it was observed that the integrated deuteron current per pulse initially increases rapidly, then reaches a maximum near a pulse length of 100 ns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]