Search

In recent decades, geopolymer concrete has often been viewed as an alternative to traditional concrete. Although its comparatively lower production of greenhouse gas emissions during a lifecycle is usually mentioned at the top of the list of benefits, the possibility of using various waste materials in its production is a clear advantage as well. This literature review summarizes and analyses the existing information on the different available construction wastes for the production of geopolymer and foamed geopolymer concrete and analyzes the curing conditions, constituents in the aluminosilicate precursor, mechanical properties, and the activator type. As part of the literature review, the use of autoclaved aerated concrete and brick wastes has been evaluated. Autoclaved concrete has been chosen because it is a typical low-strength, cement-based construction material and demolition waste that is currently disposed of in landfills, making it quite a challenge for direct use as a supplementary cementitious material. On the other hand, brick waste, one of the most common construction wastes, can be feasibly used in the form of brick dust. This literature review uses data from randomly selected studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction waste is a key issue of modern society. Construction waste is a type of waste generated during the construction of buildings, reconstruction, demolition and maintenance of the existing buildings, and waste generated from excavated materials which cannot be reused for the construction of new buildings without prior recycling or processing. Moreover, construction waste is generated during the production of semi-finished and finished construction products and materials, as well as during the construction and reconstruction of roads. Large quantities of construction waste are generated by earthquakes, floods and destruction caused by war. Construction waste predominantly (95 %) consists of inert waste which means that it is not subject to physical, chemical or biological changes, that it does not dissolve or chemically react, is not flammable, and is not degradable using biodegradable means. Some types of inert construction waste are ceramics, plaster, gypsum, concrete, iron, steel, waste from demolition of buildings, wood, plastics, etc. It may contain hazardous components such as asbestos or asphalt binders, and these components classify it as hazardous waste. Construction waste can generally be divided into three broad categories, such as construction material, demolition waste and hazardous waste. We generate less waste by construction than by demolition. Construction and demolition waste account for the largest percentage of total waste in the European Union - in terms of its volume, it accounts for almost one-third of all waste. For the purpose of achieving the optimal management of construction waste, the following hierarchical approach must be followed: prevention of waste, preparation for reuse, recycling, other treatment procedures, waste disposal. It is necessary to develop a circular economy covering the cycle from construction to demolition to new construction that uses recycled waste materials. Using the available modern technologies, it is possible to reuse most of the construction waste as secondary raw material. The optimal management of construction waste significantly reduces environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most of developing and underdeveloped countries, construction waste is a major issue in solid waste management plans. The construction waste not only creates hindrance in management of solid waste but also gives ugly look, besides causing water and soil pollution, in addition to threatening sustainable development. Evidence indicates that 50% of mineral resources from nature are consumed by the construction industry and over 33% of global CO2 is emitted due to construction. Surplus construction material, which is one of the major causes of construction waste generation, also increases cost of the project significantly. The paper discusses the quantification and classification of waste generated at construction sites along with the estimation of the waste accumulated. The construction sites considered in this study are under-construction plazas and houses in the cities of Kharian, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Multan and Faisalabad in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The data were collected for a period of six months using observation and quantification at the sites. The volume of the waste was estimated using the rectangular prism and pyramidal shape method. Results indicate that six main types of waste generated at both sites were cement, sand, clay, crushed stone, bricks and blocks and ceramic appliances. Clay was identified as the largest percentage in volume of waste produced at all sites, while ceramic appliances were found the least percentage. The generated amount of construction waste at all construction sites specifies the issue of environmental sustainability. Wastage of construction material has caused higher demand of construction materials, which, in turn, is more damaging to our environment. Therefore, it is collective responsibility of all construction stakeholders to minimize the waste generated for the sake of environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has great potential for generating waste. In Brazil, according to IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - (2010), out of the 5564 Brazilian municipalities, 77% have construction waste management. Out of these, 9,7% developed processing waste perspectives and only 1,4% reuse and reinsert the waste into circular economy. Despite the incentives, like the National Solid Waste Policy implemented in 2010, which leads the reduction guidelines, recycling and correct disposal of waste, the numbers continue unsatisfactory. This article will discuss the CDW and the waste not produced in construction, but reused on it. Some of these actions already work towards circular economy, specifically in the manufacture of Portland cement, like blast furnace slag and pozzolanic waste and also, the waste of EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) and wood sawdust, although less commonly, may be used to produce mortars, concretes, sealing panels and other constructive elements. The evaluation of the environmental impact generated by the non-disposition of these sediments in the environment will be demonstrated and stress the importance of the reuse and the insertion into circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste production is an unavoidable problem and currently is a bulging issue. Several studies have been conducted to identify solutions to this problem. Many of these solutions are case specific and area based. Further, these studies have described waste management very briefly and covered only a few of the waste management areas. Methods: Critical review of the previous research works related to construction management has been done. It involved the reviewing papers which are already published in well reputed research journals. Novelty: The studies have highlighted various recommendations and techniques for management of construction waste with their implementation. Objective: This paper is focusing on highlighting various perspectives of several waste management techniques. Findings: From the study, it is pointed out that 5R principles are most commonly adopted hierarchy for managing waste worldwide. This includes reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and remove. Removal is the last step when no other option is there to treat. Also, various benefits and challenges faced in adopting waste management on constriction sites are identified and discussed. Based on this study, it is suggested that for effective waste management, all stakeholders including clients, contractors, government and suppliers be actively engaged in the process of waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past three decades China has achieved phenomenally rapid economic growth. Among the contributors to this growth, the construction industry is the most significant and it is expected to continue its considerable growth in the foreseeable future along with China's further urbanization and urbanization renewal. In parallel with the impressive achievements brought about by the construction industry, China is faced with unprecedented environmental degradation caused by construction and demolition (C&D) waste. This presents an urgent and intractable challenge to both researchers and practitioners in the construction industry and related areas for more effective C&D waste management measures. This study therefore investigates the key factors affecting C&D waste generated in the recycling stage according to the well-known '3R' principle of reduce, reuse, and recycle in the waste management hierarchy according to the desirability of each. The research focuses on Jiangsu province and was conducted by a questionnaire survey distributed to different C&D waste related practitioners. From ten selected factors affecting the recycling of C&D waste obtained from an extensive literature review, six key factors are considered to be of great significance to the recycling of C&D waste in Jiangsu province, China, based on their calculated index value. The six key factors are: (1) Labour and Machine; (2) Recycling Centre; (3) Technology on Waste Recycling; (4) Awareness of Recycling; (5) Waste Recycling Decision Making; and (6) Value of the Recycled Materials. The findings obtained from this study are of great significance to both researchers and construction industry practitioners for devising more effective waste management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine contractors' attitudes toward and their behaviour in construction waste management in Thailand. We use questionnaires to survey a group of contractors and analysis of causes of construction waste, construction waste minimization measures, and benefits of construction waste management. The samplers consist of a group of 65 contractors with following qualifications (1) less than 5-year work experience, (2) 6 to 15-year work experience, (3) more than 15- year work experience, (4) work position as managers, (5) work position as site technicians, (6) work position as office technicians, (7) experienced in green buildings, and (8) inexperienced in green buildings. We find that contractors' attitude and behaviour of each group are in agreement and the study shows the most frequent cause of construction waste are changing in design and mistakes during design process. The best measures of construction waste minimization that the samplers agree are in planning process and acknowledgement and awareness of construction waste effects. The samplers' perspective towards the benefits of construction waste management is different, that is most of the contractors reckon that the construction waste management enhances good image of companies. On the other hand, the samplers who have more than 15- year work experience and work position as managers consider it has the most advantage for the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study had been carried out in order to identify the current practice of managing construction waste on site. Using semi-structured interview method, five G7 contractors who is currently had on going residential project is chosen to obtain the information need. The interview session only focusing on managing four major types of waste generated on site, which is concrete, brick, steel and timber. Then, Nvivo version 10 is used to analyse the data from interview session. As the result, all of the contractors are practicing the same method for each types of waste. From waste generated, collections then reuse or recycle method and lastly disposal of waste. All this methods are applied based on types of waste. From this information, a flowchart is produced for each types of waste. Therefore, it is easier to do any improvement on the proses so that a systematic approach can be applied by contractor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction waste includes waste generated during construction, reconstruction, maintenance or demolition of existing buildings, as well as waste generated from excavated material, which cannot be used without prior treatment. It is estimated that about 1 million tones of construction and demolition waste is produced in the Republic of Serbia annually. Construction waste in Serbia ends up at municipal waste landfills and utilize as an inert material for covering of waste at the landfills. This kind of approach has a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present analysis of the state of construction waste management in the Republic of Serbia. The research results show that there is no consolidated data of the specific composition of construction waste that is being disposed of at landfills at any level. Additionally, it's necessary to establish control of construction and demolition waste quantity, composition and stream, which would meet requirements for designing a system of collection, transport, recycling, reuse and disposal of the waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Efforts to manage construction waste are becoming increasingly popular in the industry with green building initiatives. However, proper construction waste management (minimization, reuse, and recycling) would not be possible without accurate prediction of construction waste which essentially depends on identifying the sources of waste generation and their relationships to quantity of waste. There is research identifying the sources of waste generation, however, there exists a need to develop tools/models to predict construction waste generation. While waste minimization remains the most sustainable option compared to reuse and recycling, waste recycling has become the most popular option as LEED credits are focused on reuse and recycle of waste materials. In this study, authors identify the necessity to focus on waste reduction in residential construction projects and employ Building Information Modelling (BIM) to achieve the objective. BIM was incorporated to carry out dimensional planning of a residential building in order to minimize waste generation. Two design alternatives were developed, and waste generation from the alternatives were compared with the original building design. In addition to identifying the suitable design alternative that gives minimum waste generation, BIM could be used to predict waste generation over the scheduled duration. Therefore, this research approach is useful for planning and effective on-site waste management as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings on Metallic & Nonmetallic Materials is the property of University of Zenica, Faculty of Metallurgy & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overall in Latvia every year there are 600,000 to 700,000 tonnes of waste, about half of this amount is considered to be biodegradable municipal waste. The municipal solid waste management in their administrative areas is the responsibility of municipalities. Approximately 77% of Latvian household waste is disposed of in landfills or dumps, and every year the amount of waste disposed increases. Besides, the amount of hazardous waste is increasing and hazardous waste in the most part consists of metal production waste. Currently, hazardous waste is temporarily stored in a specially equipped commercial and waste storage sites. However, hazardous waste collection and disposal is improved, as well as the amount of recycled packaging. Also, the construction process creates a large amount of waste. The construction waste is referred to as waste from construction, renovation and demolition, as well as debris and damaged materials resulting from the construction process, or materials used in the construction site temporarily. Usually the construction waste from residential buildings contains concrete, wood, metal, plaster panels, oil, chemicals and roof trim materials. Construction waste can contain environment and human health hazardous substances. It can cause soil contamination if improperly disposed. Precipitation may result in contaminated groundwater. These processes have defined the topicality of this article; the aim of the article is to analyze construction waste management processes, identify problems and possible solutions. This paper addresses problems related to construction waste separation, storage, transportation and disposal and the problems associated with waste management in Latvian context of sustainable construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper chose the management of construction waste in 30 construction enterprises as samples and built the management evaluation model for construction enterprises' construction rubbishes based on the rough set(RS) BP neural network ensemble. This model firstly applies to the RS theory and calculates the important index system, then the training sample will be sent to the BP neural network and go through the learning and training process. Afterwards the management level of tested sample will be distinguished. The result shows that compared with the traditional BP model, the RS neural network system has higher forecast accuracy to the tested samples. As a more efficient and practical system, this method provides a new method for the construction enterprises' waste management evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An integral part of any construction activity is the production of the construction waste. It is necessary to deal with the construction waste already in the project preparation phase, which ultimately brings not only financial savings but also time saving. Slovakia, as a member of the European Union is trying to reduce the percentage of construction waste and thus contribute to protecting the environment and the ecosystem. The adoption of the "Law no.223/2001 -- Law on Waste",which set out requirements for all producers of waste, including waste classification (also in the building industry). In addition to this Act, they are adopted and constantly are adopting regulations taking into account the actual needs for environmental protection. This contribution gives an overview of current legislation in Slovakia, his specifications, following the European Union legislation and examples of waste management on building site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with recycling of construction waste, i.e. process of collecting and treating waste to be re-used as raw material in the creation of an identical or similar products. The paper advocates the sustainable development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the rights of future generations to meet their needs. Natural resources are general and common good and their use should be planned and directed and purpose controlled. The rapid technological development in recent decades has necessitated serious human addressing the issues related to management of waste generated in various technological operations, and as a final waste in the use of final products. Recycling Technology of CWM (Construction Waste Material) resulting from construction, and more frequently from demolition of various types of buildings. CWM usually consists of: waste wood, various metals, concrete, bricks, blocks, tiles, glass, asphalt, etc. There are also several types of devices and procedures for the recycling of CWM. CWM recycling process includes: demolition of old or damaged structures, development of towns and villages, various destructions, earthquakes, floods, etc. Construction waste is the second largest waste type, immediately after the municipal solid waste. Construction waste is divided into rubble, soil, waste from the reconstruction of roads, and waste from the construction sites. The rubble itself can be dangerous because it may contain asbestos, which is very harmful to human health, or acids, paints, varnishes, thinners, means for removing rust, paint or varnish, wood coatings, oil filters, mineral oils and others. Glass is one of the building materials that can be fully recycled. To reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is not self-degradable, it must be recycled. The first center for recycling of construction waste started operation in Kragujevac (Serbia) where the waste will be disposed of and processed for reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction wastes have become a pressing issue in many developing countries and have adverse effects on environment, economy and social aspects. Illegal dumping is a common issue created from the physical construction waste and besides that non physical waste like cost and time overruns are not properly addressed among the construction players. This paper explores the impacts of construction on sustainable construction and contributing causes which will help the practitioners to formulate ways in avoiding or reducing the waste. It also highlights the sustainable approach in managing the construction waste as practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rapid growth of construction projects have benefited mankind by providing social requirement like infrastructure, building etc as well contributing significantly in economic growth of country. At the same time is contributing significantly in generating high amount of construction waste, consuming resource excessively, and adverse impacts to environment, facing schedule delay and using excessive budget. These challenges has put the practitioners to adopt sustainable development principles in construction as traditional design and construction focuses on cost, time and quality only and pay very little attention on environmental impacts. On the contrary Sustainable construction merges sound environmentally responsible practices into one discipline that looks at the environmental, economic and social effects of a building or building project as a whole. Sustainable construction benefits by consuming fewer resources in construction and operation, reduce negative impacts on environment, minimize construction waste, and reduce planning risk, extended building life and viability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The increasing environmental impact from the construction becomes a serious problem that can cause significant damage, not only to ecosystems but also to the health and wellbeing of field workers and nearby residents of construction sites. Therefore, is necessary to approach and continuous effort within the industry in order to achieve the objectives sustainable construction and reducing of the environmental impacts of construction. A recent study shows that construction is the third largest industry sector in terms of environmental pollution and construction waste presents 25% of the total waste volume. Therefore, it is necessary to consider possibilities for reduce of construction waste origin, whether conventional or unconventional ways. One of the possible solutions is the use of modern methods of construction (MMC) that offer significant potential to minimise construction waste. The submitted paper describes the current opportunities to exploit the MMC. Modern methods of construction primarily involve the manufacture of construction in factories, with potential benefits such as faster construction, fewer housing defects, and reductions in energy use and waste. The paper analyses ways to reduce construction waste through the using of modern methods of panels or modules construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a single family home in the United States typically produces between two and four tons of debris. Research has demonstrated that up to 90% of this debris can be recycled. Green building certification programs award points for recycling construction debris. During the current housing crisis home builders can improve their profit margins by minimizing waste that is sent to landfills. But many are still at a loss for practical ways to do this. This paper focuses on a practical guide on waste management that has been produced for the home building industry. It highlights methods for determining both cost-effective and environmentally sound methods for handling and getting rid of construction waste. A program will be outlined that demonstrates how builders can design and implement waste management techniques specific to their firms' unique circumstances and requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction and demolition waste recycling bills as well as mandatory plans, which have come into force lately or are to be put into force in a near future, have contributed for the establishment of construction waste cutback goals. However, a key element to determine the reduction of impacts caused by this sort of waste is parties' awareness. The main goal of this study was to identify the current situation regarding construction and demolition waste management in Brazil following the publication of the National Environment Council Act n. 307/2002. Thus, to carry out this study, legislations, bills and mandatory plans already put into force in Brazil and abroad were researched. Examples of successfully implemented Construction and Demolition Waste Integrated Management Plans in Brazilian Municipalities are presented. Characteristics of the San Diego's plan for recycling construction and demolition materials and a concrete recycling bill recently signed by California Governor are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]