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Stressful situations are inevitably connected with teachers profession. They may be caused by dissatisfaction from work results, problems with pupils, inter-personal contacts and professional burnout. Important reason for stress may also be critics - from pupils, pedagogical supervision, parents and other teachers. Such critics constitutes the factor significantly demolishing authority and being in the teachers role. Teachers cope with the stress in a different manner, taking an attitude of openness, aggression or avoidance. In theoretical part there will be presented the types of accepting, giving the meaning and acting in situation of critics, styles and conceptions of coping with stress as well as some selected conditions from the literature (sense of coherence). The aim of investigations was to determine the relationship between the coping style, level of sense of coherence and method of accepting the critics. There was formulated the hypothesis about positive correlation between the openness for critics, style task of coping and high level of coherence (perception of sense, meaning and possessing the sources for coping with critics). Research group included 211 of primary education teachers. For conducted investigations there were used psychological tests (CISS - Endler and Parker, Sense of Coherence Questionnaire by Antonovsky) and Author's Questinnaire for coping in critics situation. Results indicated relationship between style task of coping, high level of coherence and open acceptance of critics as well as coping style based on avoidance with critics displacement. There was also determined that for teachers the most representative behavioural pattern in situation of critics is not recognizing and avoiding it. It was concluded that the most stressful for teachers is critics from pupils and in such cases majority of teachers react in avoidance, but they do accept the critics from education authorities. It is characteristic that in research group no teacher described the case of self-critical, self-reflective estimation of action results which means that such situation does not constitute for teachers the source of stress. Results indicated low preparation at teachers for mature, open and task critics acceptance, poor coping with critics and low level of self-critical competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working environment is one of the key factors affecting physical and mental health. Prison staff is a group of professionals who are exposed to specific and strong stress or because their work is directly related with potentially violent population. This paper is part of a broader research at the Faculty of Security - Skopje, titled "The position of the inmates in penitentiaries in the Republic of Macedonia" conducted in prisons in the Republic of Macedonia. The research shows the perception of the prison staff about their job satisfaction, stress exposure and the consequences by assessing the physical and mental status. It is conducted on 188 employees in the prisons "Idrizovo" - Skopje, Strumica and the solitary confinement "Šutka" in Skopje. The research uses a questionnaire of a Likert kind that covers behavioral and physical symptoms of stress, institutional organization and relations with colleagues and superiors, burden and risk exposure as well as strategies for coping with stress. The results show that there is dissatisfaction with the work and relatively high degree of presence of symptoms of stress. In this paper, based on the results of the research, several measures are proposed that would help to improve the condition of the prison staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to give a theoretical overview of the problem dealing with manager's personality, personal characteristics, personal and work burden and, last but not least, coping with difficult situations and burden in management. Among partial aims of this article include the specification of chosen features of manager role and evaluation of alternative solutions to stress situations. The present study introduces our own research, experimental evaluation of working hypothesis, evaluation of research data and presentation of results. The aim is to analyze the relations between personal characteristics of managers and the use of coping strategies in difficult situations in management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]