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In ergonomics, workload is a very important thing. Because it will lead to unfavorable impacts if not considered, for example discomfort in doing work, decreased productivity or work accidents that can threaten human life. At a university, besides lecturer, there are educational staff who function to help smooth administrative processes related to educational activities. The tasks that must be carried out by education staff are very diverse, but the environment and working conditions that support education staff in completing their tasks are almost 80% focused on computer screens. This is the background to measure how the workload felt by the education staff when completing the given task. The research was conducted by giving the RSME and NASA TLX questionnaires to 27 education staff working at the UNISBA engineering faculty. As a result, the workload felt by education staff the UNISBA engineering faculty is influenced by the education level of the education staff themselves. Educational staff with higher education feel a lower workload compared to education staff with lower education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital world, the usage of computers is inevitable. Poor posture, prolonged exposure to computer screens has been causing a lot of health impacts to everyone who is spending a considerable amount of time in front of the computer screen. Ergonomics is a branch of science that aims to reduce strain, stress, and injury through optimizing workstation design. In this project, certain computer ergonomic designs are employed digitally to mitigate the health effects. We use computer vision to keep the users more health aware while using the computers by keeping track of various factors like the distance between the user's face and the screen, and the user's sitting posture. Also, the famous 20-20-20 rule is implemented digitally which prevents the users from constantly looking at the computer screen by inverting the concept of screen proctoring. The user is motivated to physically move away from the screen at a user-defined time interval by preventing the user from proceeding with his task until the camera detects no person in front of the desk for a certain time-period. The user will be able to track all these activities in a dashboard where all data is visualized in the form of charts and graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of ergonomic factors on worker productivity in the industrial sector, specifically focusing on machine operators in parts production. The research aims to identify and address workflow problems and ergonomic issues arising from the handling of defective products in the packing process. The Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) method is employed to determine the permissible load limits for workers and assess the risk levels for packing operators. This information is then used to optimize the layout of machines, raw materials, and workload distribution. The results reveal that operators 3 and 4 experience higher work risk levels compared to their counterparts. While operator 3's workload (0.73 < LI) does not pose any risk to their activities, operator 4's workload (1.05 > LI) increases the likelihood of low back pain complaints and exceeds standard load-lifting limits. This study highlights the importance of ergonomic considerations in improving worker productivity and overall industrial efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preliminary information was obtained regarding the declining work productivity of SMEs in bread making. The decline in work productivity was identified in three factors, namely quantity of work, quality of work, and timeliness. This study aims to design standard operating procedures to increase work productivity using a participatory ergonomic approach. The standard operating procedure (SOP) that will be designed is the SOP for increasing work productivity for employees of SMEs making bread in Batu City. While the participatory ergonomics approach is a scientific study that includes methods of developing work quality to increase productivity by teaching awareness of mutual trust that involves all workers. This strategy was chosen because it is thought to be the most suitable for the circumstances of SMEs, where a kinship-based work system with a small number of employees is present. Research method used observation, company documents, and interview. Total 16 peoples are involving as participants yield 14 employees and 2 owners. As a result, it is thought that involving employees in SOP design is very likely. The SOPs made will be a reference and guidance for employees at work. The expected output from the development of a strategic design with a participatory ergonomic approach is that employees feel comfortable and safe in doing their work, so that if employees feel well-being condition, it is expected to increase the work productivity of employees of SMEs producing bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data‐intensive research paradigm is sweeping through the scientific community, and new interaction challenges for interacting with data have emerged. Data reuse emerges as a critical driver of human‐data interaction, positioning data repositories at the forefront as the optimal solution for facilitating this process. This study adopts a diary study methodology to analyze the data repository‐supported human‐data interaction behaviors driven. The findings reveal that human‐data interaction extends beyond mere engagement with data, encapsulating elements of human‐computer interaction, engagement with literature, interactions with agent systems, and interpersonal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of interaction between students and the Learning Management System (LMS) platform which is commonly used in current lectures, there is a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) process that is applied. In this process, there are many influencing factors, including ergonomic factors and psychological factors. These two factors will certainly be closely related to the users' perceptual condition in receiving instructions from the platform they uses, in this case, students in using the LMS. This study would conduct a study to see the effect of the complexity of instructions in the interface used by the Moodle-based LMS on the level of mental workload perceived by students as users by using an experimental ergonomics approach. To provide improvement interventions in the LMS platform for a more efficient learning process. And being more cognitively healthy and more productive in its utilization for students. The modified NASA-TLX method and bivariate statistical analysis were used in this study. From the process of experimentation and research that has been carried out on the use of 10 commonly used LMS modules, it is found that the complexity of the instruction influences mental workload, especially in temporal demand and effort dimension. The more complex the instructions in the interface of a LMS module, the higher the mental workload felt by students as users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increased dataset obtained during the Run 3 of the LHC at CERN and the even larger expected increase of the dataset by more than one order of magnitude for the HL-LHC, the ATLAS experiment is reaching the limits of the current data processing model in terms of traditional CPU resources based on x86_64 architectures and an extensive program for software upgrades towards the HL-LHC has been set up. The ARM architecture is becoming a competitive and energy efficient alternative. Some surveys indicate its increased presence in HPCs and commercial clouds, and some WLCG sites have expressed their interest. Chip makers are also developing their next generation solutions on ARM architectures, sometimes combining ARM and GPU processors in the same chip. Consequently it is important that the ATLAS software embraces the change and is able to successfully exploit this architecture. We report on the successful porting to ARM of the Athena software framework, which is used by ATLAS for both online and offline computing operations. Furthermore we report on the successful validation of simulation workflows running on ARM resources. For this we have set up an ATLAS Grid site using ARM compatible middleware and containers on Amazon Web Services (AWS) ARM resources. The ARM version of Athena is fully integrated in the regular software build system and distributed in the same way as other software releases. In addition, the workflows have been integrated into the HEPscore benchmark suite which is the planned WLCG wide replacement of the HepSpec06 benchmark used for Grid site pledges. In the overall porting process we have used resources on AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and CERN. A performance comparison of different architectures and resources will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belle II software was developed by a few hundred individual contributors over several years. Following the rising desire of making it publicly available, the collaboration established open source software policies and procedures. The political and technical challenges and their solutions at Belle II are discussed in this article. With the publication of the Belle II software, basf2, on GitHub and Zenodo in 2021 an important milestone towards open science was reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of new computing languages for a large community, like HEP, involves comparison of many aspects of the languages' behaviour, ecosystem and interactions with other languages. In this paper we compare a number of languages using a common, yet non-trivial, HEP algorithm: the anti- kT clustering algorithm used for jet finding. We compare specifically the algorithm implemented in Python (pure Python and accelerated with numpy and numba), and Julia, with respect to the reference implementation in C++, from Fastjet. As well as the speed of the implementation we describe the ergonomics of the language for the coder, as well as the efforts required to achieve the best performance, which can directly impact on code readability and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 is characterized by the agility and flexibility that new technologies can provide to production processes based on automation and integrating two systems. Despite this, human operators remain essential due to their creativity, dynamics, and adaptability, which make them difficult to replace. In this sense, human-robot collaboration systems or augmented intelligence technologies emerge as promising approaches by integrating the human and technological capabilities of industry 4.0. to achieve superior performance. This panorama motivates research on current collaboration systems between humans and machines. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of scientific research on human-machine collaboration systems in Industry 4.0. For this objective, the Scopus platform was used as a database, and the VOSviewer software was used for analysis. Key findings reveal important publications, implications, and trends in human-robot collaboration systems. In particular, it was observed that there is a growing interest in ergonomic aspects, the safety and well-being of workers, together with technical efficiency. Assembly line applications are prominent and leverage human-digital synergy to improve decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, ergonomics is implementing new methodologies across various sectors, including workplaces, production facilities, and common areas, in order to maximize productivity. This research focuses on conducting an ergonomic analysis using RULA and REBA techniques in a bakery business to reduce the development of musculoskeletal disorders. After conducting a systematic literature review to understand the evolution of ergonomics in organizational settings, the analysis was performed using Ergonautas website, where data were recorded to assess the risk levels of activities. A diagnosis of the company was carried out, focusing on the workstations that are part of the production process, in which several opportunities for improvement were found. Through the Nordic questionnaire, it was possible to identify the main discomforts of the operators, which are hands (100%), followed by the elbow (85.71%), and lastly, the shoulders (71.43%). The production activities posing ergonomic risks are mixing, cutting, and baking. This was identified using the REBA and RULA techniques, which indicate that mixing represents a high risk, followed by cutting, which has a medium risk, as well as baking. In the case of mixing, it is recommended to intervene at the station as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inertial motion capture has garnered considerable attention within the manufacturing industry for ergonomic assessments due to high reliability and fewer constraints compared to alternative posture tracking direct measurement tools. However, these wearable systems, while ensuring reliability and precision in the results, also introduce a degree of invasiveness. Hence, user experience becomes an important aspect for design and development of such systems. This paper reveals major user experience issues resulting from an experimental study for promoting user-centred design of wearable systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of 'playables,' defined as tangible objects intentionally designed for immersive play, distinct from traditional utilitarian objects. It delves into how playables, unlike everyday items, transcend functionality, fostering creativity and curiosity in immersive play. It explores how playables differ from acknowledged design principles, drawing upon Dieter Rams and Don Norman. By recognizing the need for distinct design perspectives for playables, the paper contributes to unlocking their potential to enable wonder in immersive play experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a toolkit of heuristics for enabling non-professionals to design for wellbeing, merging design, psychology, and ergonomics. It demystifies design, focusing on happiness and long-term wellbeing, making design principles accessible to all. This toolkit narrows the divide between design theory and practice, advocating design as a tool to enhance life for individuals and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modern user's interactions with digital artefacts are a subject of interest to numerous fields of study, including human-computer interaction (HCI). Innovations in HCI necessitate an understanding of users' attachment to these artefacts. This paper characterises user attachment as a dual phenomenon of possession and dispossession. The findings give deeper insight into the influences of this phenomenon and how they might distinguish its manifestation in physical and virtual environments. Avenues for design interventions were then interpreted from these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a Human-centred Engineering Design (HcED) practice, which values human aspects. This practice engages deeply into (1) human geometry and motion for specific tasks, (2) product and manufacturing complexities through rapid prototyping, and (3) the broader human task context. This cross-disciplinary method combines ergonomics, AM, sensor applications, and multiple design practices. The framework provides concrete tasks to drive innovative designs in engineering. The study, grounded in design research case studies, led to five new Paralympic Rowing world records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric motorcycles are one of the means of transportation of the future because they are environmentally friendly, high efficiency, and low in pollution. In Indonesia, it was revealed that 75% of accidents that occur involve 5 motorcycles. The cause of the accident occurs due to humans who experience weakness, where the fatigue can be caused by a motorcycle design that is less ergonomic, using an inappropriate motorcycle requires greater energy and causes fatigue and causes reduced concentration which ultimately leads to an accident. Ergonomics is a science that studies human beings that aims to produce a healthy, safe, and comfortable operational system. Based on this, researchers tried to analyze the ergonomics of electric motorcycles using 2 methods, namely the approach with a questionnaire and the anthropometric method, where the study used 24 student samples. The results of the questionnaire percentage, that the comfort level in the position of riding an electric motorcycle is quite comfortable, and the results of the anthropometric calculation of the data adequacy test stated N' ≤ N, so the adequacy test of the data was declared sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Golf ball retriever that can be use in the driving range is very essential to the driving range operator. Conventional methods of retrieving the balls are still being practiced in Malaysia. One of the problems with conventional method is the balls were collected ineffectively. Furthermore, the collector experiences strain in their wrists while collecting the balls with the method of scooping. Surveys have been conducted among the driving range operators to get the input of requirements if a prototype is built to retrieve golf balls. The objectives of this is to design and develop a golf ball retriever prototype that can effectively collect the balls to reduce the collection time, increase the output of collecting the balls as well as improving the ergonomics value by reducing the strain on the wrists of the operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, a pharmacist's coat cannot be distinguished from a doctor's coat. In general, people still identify the profession of pharmacist with that of a doctor, because the color and attributes of their coats are still the same. The purpose of this research is to design a special pharmacist's practice coat that can differentiate it from a doctor's practice suit with new innovations and designs that are more ergonomic and equipped with the right pocket placement and more functional. A practice coat is formal attire worn by professionals in the health or medical field with white or light blue characteristics, is designed to be easy, and gives a clean and professional look. Design thinking was implemented using the Hasso Plattner model through five stages, namely empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and evaluation. The results of the research are clothing in the form of a pharmacist's coat with inner pocket and a model that can increase the efficiency and comfort of a pharmacist's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the population has created a negative externality to the environmental issues due to the excessive use of fossil-fueled vehicles. To cope with the problems, product innovation especially in the field of transportation has become one of the developments focused in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia together with PT Mobil Anak Bangsa (PT MAB) has developed a new electric vehicle in the form of a Bus Feeder. Bus Feeder is a small scaled electric motorized vehicle that was designed to be used in a rural area in Indonesia with limited and narrow road infrastructure, in that way a proper design of the bus feeder must be concepted accordingly to ensure the comfortability and safety of the passenger and the driver. Furthermore, in designing a bus feeder service, the concept of the bus workstation should consider the human dimension to its surrounding. In that way, this research attempts to use Anthropometric analysis and ergonomic study to find the most suitable measurement in designing bus feeders. The anthropometric data in this study is obtained from the Anthropometric Indonesia database system. The anthropometric data are compared with actual observation data gained from the Transkutaraja public bus service as a benchmarking. Finally, this research suggests 15 anthropometric dimensions that have the biggest correlation to the proportional ergonomic design of the bus feeder. Furthermore, this research proposes a conceptual blueprint design for the bus feeder based on the anthropometrics requirement for the people of Indonesia (mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to design ergonomic footwear catering to the comfort, safety, and well-being of elderly women by considering their different anatomical characteristics. We collected anthropometric foot measurements from 25 elderly women in Sharjah, UAE, the results showed consistent dimensions, particularly within the 95th percentile. By comparing the data with existing studies, the proposed interior shoe dimensions were validated, and ethnic differences were highlighted. Several adjustable features were recommended, including stretchable materials, removable insoles, and closure mechanisms. We propose a shoe design that integrates key components such as a low heel height, a sloped heel, a wide rigid sole, stretchable materials, and an adjustable closure. Among the most important considerations in elderly footwear design were proper fit, cushioning, breathability, slip resistance, arch support, and durability. Developing ergonomic footwear tailored to elderly women's needs based on this research paves the way for developing safe, comfortable, and well-being-promoting footwear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rasa Raga Restaurant by Gemintang is a newly established food industry located in Depok, Indonesia. To provide the best possible service to customers, it is important for restaurants to continuously improve their operations. By having an optimal facility layout, restaurants can improve their workflow and operational efficiency, and improve customer service. This study seeks to evaluate Rasa Raga Restaurant's current facility layout using systematic layout planning (SLP) to enhance process efficiency within the restaurant and ergonomic approach using Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) posture evaluation analysis. The data were identified through on-site observations and it was found that the layout of the kitchen and bar is still not effective for workers' movement and material handling, and the space still can be optimized. Subsequently, an SLP analysis was conducted, employing Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD), and Activity-Area Diagram (AAD) methodologies. Finally, a suitable layout and facilities arrangement along with the preparation table adjustable height recommendation feature was proposed to solve Rasa Raga Restaurant's problems and achieve optimization objectives. The improved layout shows that the placement between stations is made based on their relationship as analyzed in ARC and ARD. An additional feature of adjustable height applied to the preparation table has been proven to make workers' posture more comfortable when working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project focuses on designing an ergonomic drive-thru fixture to reduce workplace injuries in the fast-food sector. It addresses the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries among drive-thru workers, caused by repetitive leaning and awkward postures during long shifts. The project aims to develop a product that minimizes these risks, improving the working environment and employee satisfaction. An initial RULA assessment indicated a high-risk score, prompting the design of a fixture that attaches to drive-thru windows, reducing the need for leaning. The project considers factors such as cost, durability, simplicity, and efficiency, resulting in the development of a mechanical fixture as the optimal solution. This fixture moves forwards, backwards, and upwards, thus reducing the need for leaning. The prototype testing showed improved ergonomic conditions, with a lower RULA score, demonstrating the fixture's effectiveness in creating a safer work environment for drive-thru employees. The project's impact extends to reducing healthcare costs and enhancing workplace safety and ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an integrated solution to the challenges in the global clothing industry, prioritizing worker wellbeing and environmental sustainability. Through an ergonomic framework, it aims to achieve sustainability and costeffectiveness. The research employs established tools like RULA and REBA and diverse methods, including observations, interviews, and questionnaires, to quantitatively and qualitatively assess ergonomic risks. The study guides the clothing sector towards a more ethical, sustainable, and efficient production paradigm, bridging the gap between ergonomics, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The results show that a conscientious transformation that emphasizes economic growth and workers' welfare is still lacking. Hence, result-oriented measures that can improve the profitability and environmental responsibility of stake holders and workers in the clothing industry were recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic prompted rapid community reconfiguration; Indonesia implemented a national-level lockdown. Education in Indonesia applies distance learning (PJJ). Considering that not all educators understand and apply how they should work in front of a computer properly and correctly so that there are no harmful things, especially disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Considering this, then it becomes important to know the ergonomic factors and work styles that have the potential to increase musculoskeletal disorders when performing PJJ by conducting video conferencing. The analysis was carried out by distributing questionnaires to lecturers at the University of Indonesia. This study got as many as 98 respondents. This study aims to find out the ergonomic risk factors and work styles that influence increasing musculoskeletal disorders in lecturers especially those carrying out distance learning. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to find out the relationship between variables such as between manifest and latent variables, the relationship between latent variables, and measuring measurement error variables on several independent and dependent variables in a model. The result of the study indicates that there are several work styles factors that contribute to lecturers' musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented is an injection molding filling analysis of a glasses frame with live hinge. Possibilities for optimizing the filling process to minimize warpage and part temperature after cooling are studied. Geometry will be validated with a physical prototype model as well as the accuracy level from virtual simulations will be discussed. Defined are clear steps for early investigation of undesirable defects in the plastic geometry by adding an additional step in the production process. Through a real test example, a prototype unhardened mold tool is created for validation purpose of both ergonomics and functionality, as well as possible false results from virtual filling simulations due to specific geometry like live hinges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the effect of sitting posture on the back health of students involved in remote work. Jack® human simulation software was employed to measure the impact of different seated postures on the lower back region, specifically the lumbar spine. The analysis focused on common positions adopted during extended work periods: neutral (Posture 1), flexion (Posture 2) and extension (Posture 3). Three tests were conducted in the simulated environment to predict the forces exerted on the musculoskeletal system, which are Lower back analysis (LBA), Comfort Analysis, and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS). The results revealed that Posture 2 exhibited the highest compression force and is the least comfortable in terms of joint angles compared to the other postures while posture 3 is the least comfortable in terms of body parts. Furthermore, the musculoskeletal loading associated with working in postures 2 and 3 does not reach excessive levels, however it is required to provide ergonomic improvements. This paper also proposes strategies to enhance the working postures of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the operational efficacy of an Iron Ore sample preparation laboratory using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) model. Addressing the discrepancy between the laboratory's production capacity and the client's expectation of reduced turnaround time, the study investigates the impact of operational inefficiencies on customer satisfaction. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from a time and motion study with qualitative insights from interviews and observations. The findings reveal that by eliminating planned stops, an increased target of six batches per day could be achieved, enhancing the monthly output, and addressing the current backlog. Quality checks embedded in the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) ensured 100% process quality with no reworks observed during the study period. The study concludes that optimizing the performance metric across workstations is pivotal to improving productivity and overall operational efficacy, with the potential to reduce sample turnaround time significantly. Recommendations include comprehensive training for personnel, implementation of pre-emptive screen tests, and ergonomic adjustments to the equipment. For future research, the paper suggests comparative studies across diverse laboratory settings, the adoption of experimental designs for empirical validation of improvements, and the use of simulations and qualitative methods to predict outcomes and understand operational challenges comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, road traffic accidents pose a significant and pressing issue, resulting in numerous fatalities and injuries. In the Philippines, the escalating rates of road-related deaths and accidents underscore the critical need to comprehend the factors influencing safe driving behavior, particularly among Filipino private car drivers. This research explores the determinants impacting perceived safe driving behaviors, employing the framework of the Protection Motivation Theory and the Three Broad Domains of Ergonomics framework. Utilizing a survey questionnaire and structural equation modeling (SEM), the study seeks to uncover the intricate correlation between driving experience, geographical perception, level of understanding, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, macro ergonomics, and perceived safe driving. The study garnered responses from 510 respondents through a digital survey questionnaire using a convenience sampling method. The results show that the latent variables driving experience, geographical perception, level of understanding, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, physical ergonomics, and cognitive ergonomics were identified as factors that have a significant impact on the perceived safe driving behavior of Filipino Private car drivers. Among these latent variables, perceived vulnerability is the most crucial factor in perceived safe driving behavior, with a p-value of 0.006. However, macro ergonomics shows an insignificant effect on Filipino private car drivers' perceived safe driving behavior. The study provides insights into the factors influencing perceived safe driving behavior among Filipino private car drivers. The findings can be used to develop interventions and policies to improve road safety in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial sector in Peru has a sustainable growth over time, playing an important role and projecting an average growth of 3% by 2025. For this reason, commercial companies must be in constant development to be able to meet new market demands and solve new problems. In this sense, it is crucial to identify the main causes of the problems, such as the low level of order fulfillment, which is directly related to disorganization and suboptimal distributions in the warehouse, as well as high waiting times to serve customers. This research develops an improvement proposal model based on three tools (5S, ABC Method and SLP) which has as its main objective to improve the level of order fulfillment in commercial companies, in order to improve the standard time and obsolescence. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the model by increasing the order fulfillment level from 78.75% to 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 implementation based on Ergonomics in the economy of Bangladesh is presented with a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between I4.0 and ergonomics, with a specific focus on its implications in the context of Bangladesh. The review begins by examining the global landscape of I4.0 components and their far-reaching impacts on ergonomics, emphasizing the industrial sectors where ergonomics and human factor studies play a crucial role in ensuring both productivity and worker comfort. The review then delves into the driving sectors of Bangladesh's economy, as dictated by their contribution to the GDP. Furthermore, it assesses the current state of Industry 4.0 implementation in Bangladesh with a sector-specific focus, exploring the practical implications of this technological transformation. Lastly, the paper discusses the emphasis placed on Industry 4.0 in Bangladesh's future economic development plans, shedding light on the nation's vision for embracing this technological revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bakery is a major and important business in Bangladesh. By addressing the global concern of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the workplace, with a specific focus on their impact on bakery workers, who face heightened risk due to the physically demanding nature of their tasks. The study, conducted in Sylhet, Bangladesh, delves into the prevalence of MSDs and their associated risk factors within a selected bakery. It systematically explores the frequency of MSDs among bakery workers, emphasizing regions such as the back, shoulders, hands, wrists, and knees etc. Furthermore, it investigates the connection between occupational risk variables. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted to collect data from determined sample size as it was a cross-sectional study. Data were analysed using SPSS 26.0 version software and Microsoft Excel. The Chi-square test was employed to determine the significant association between multiple parameters and several musculoskeletal effects during various production operations Findings revealed distinct pain patterns across various job categories, with cleaning workers experiencing higher rates of neck and lower back pain, while dough preparation staff reported elevated shoulder and wrist/hand pain. Age emerged as a significant factor, impacting the nature of discomfort among younger and older workers. These findings stress the need for proactive measures to address the prevalence of MSDs and improve workplace conditions in the bakery industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musculoskeletal diseases can be dependent on numerous environmental and individual factors. The existing methods leave out several important factors during the calculation of risks. Hence, this paper has the purpose to create and examine a way for employees to estimate their own risk of developing musculoskeletal problems employing the Musculoskeletal Disease Risk Factor Assessment (MDRFA) approach. Exactly 112 male cement manufacturing workers participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Participants were interviewed to acquire data about their own possessions. Information on the objects was gleaned through perceiving their work and talking to them. Additionally, they were given the Cornell questionnaires for musculoskeletal pain and instructed to complete them out in Persian (CMDQ). A model was developed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) effect coefficients. This technique was verified using a linear regression analysis, and the final score was categorized using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). The musculoskeletal symptoms are seen to be considerably influenced by either the individual's own characteristics (total coefficient of 0.27) or by physical (total coefficient of 0.51) and psychological (total coefficient of 0.11). Items' computed coefficients were utilized to formulate the MDRFA equation. The ideal cut-off values for the final score of the approach were 14.32, 18.56, and 22.59, creating four distinct categories. The MDRFA approach could adequately explain 73% of risks, but the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) approach could only justify 51% of risks. Prediction of musculoskeletal disorders relies heavily on personal, physical and psychological characteristics. This methodology may allow for more precise prediction of the occurrence of certain diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical environment of PT Cita Rasa Palembang before it was designed based on industrial ergonomics, it was found that the quality of life of worker was quite heavy and had an impact on productivity which was still not optimal. The main objective of this research is to find out that industrial ergonomic work design can improve the employee quality of life as assessed by decreasing musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue and workload of employees who make Pempek Belida at PT Cita Rasa Palembang, and increase productivity seen from the aspect of the number of Pempek Belida's sales. This experimental study used a pre and posttest group design, treatment by subjects design and involved 45 samples who were randomly selected stratified with multistage random sampling. The independent variable was the implementation of the results of work design in the form of industrial ergonomic. The dependent variables are (a) the employee quality of life as assessed from indicators of musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue, and workload, and (b) increasing the percentage of employee productivity who make Pempek Belida at PT Cita Rasa Palembang. The data obtained between before and after the implementation of the results of industrial ergonomic work design will be analyzed using paired t test at a significance level of 5% (α=0.05). The results of the research on work design who made Pempek Belida at PT Cita Rasa Palembang through industrial ergonomic which: increased the percentage of employee quality of life significantly (p <0.05) seen from: decreased musculoskeletal complaints by 25.02%; decrease employee fatigue by 20.20%; and decrease in workload by 21.30%; and (b) increasing the percentage of employee productivity by 15.15% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, manufacturing companies consider ergonomics as a relevant factor in workstations, since it is a means to ensure productivity in the company and comfort and safety of employees. However, there is still resistance to the implementation of postural assessment methods during the various production processes of different manufacturing companies. Consequently, the main objective of this article is to analyze the advances in the application of ergonomics methods to improve productivity in manufacturing companies in America, Europe or Asia during the last 13 years. To fulfill this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, as well as a bibliometric analysis. The results will be of great value to manufacturing companies, especially those aiming to improve the efficiency of their processes, reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and increase productivity. Therefore, the implementation of ergonomics involves the inclusion from the corporate level to the operational level; in addition, the participation of the workers who work directly in the production processes is important, since they play an important role in guaranteeing and optimizing the smooth and safe work of the processes. This article evidences the increase of productivity in manufacturing companies through the application of ergonomics and a considerable reduction of MSDs along the production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decade's workers who carried heavy loads or maintained static body positions with such loads for extended periods developed musculoskeletal problems. In the past 20 years of research, the connections between specific job tasks and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD's) the study of ergonomics have been established. Ergonomics has become a significant contribution to the working environment to achieve or to complete the allotted work on time duration with perfection. As the participation of all workers from higher end to lower end coordination with the planning of intervention can create a suitable means of work in the industry. Some of the operational problems like repetitive work, weight lift, back, neck, shoulder due to continuous sitting and standing may create fatigue, so we need to find some solutions for all these problems. This paper mainly aims at observing and analyzing the problems faced by workers who are working in the manufacturing industry continuously for longer durations. The workers using awkward postures leads to a few Muscular Skeletal Disorders (MSD's) which is the problem to the working environment? Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders are main workers' health issues and an economic problem in all fields. Also explain the cost-benefit gives result of organizational level ergonomic workplace-based interventions, To overcome MSD's which is analyzed by using available software such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) explore factors related to the implementation process by creating awareness of ergonomic aspects interventions to lively wood of workers life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Human Modeling (DHM) is one of the important tools used to simulate the workplace for providing ergonomic solutions and improved workstation design. Human manikins are built into software, easily manipulated to evaluate workstation design and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The most common complaints in small scale industries are related to MSDs and mismatch between operator and work station. These issues if not resolved early, may lead to further serious problems affecting the efficiency and productivity. The present work is taken up to study and analyze working posture in nut bolt manufacturing industry by RULA assessment method (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) using CATIA software. The manufacturing of bolts consists of cold forging, trimming, threading and heat treatment. The awkward/unnatural postures of operators are assessed for risks using RULA. The actual postures are built in CATIA software and possible changes made to show improved postures with low or negligible risks and suggest low-cost ergonomic interventions. Suggestions for improvement and low-cost interventions are based on ergonomic principles and anthropometry. The overall study highlights that working posture risks can be reduced, if proper and timely ergonomic interventions are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic brought several changes in the working conditions of employees, who had to adapt to new work modalities known as home office. The objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the physical and psychosocial ergonomic conditions of the home office environment of workers belonging to the service sector in Peru and the effects of these conditions on their job satisfaction. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental methodology was designed with a mixed approach and a correlational scope, the ergonomic evaluation of the LEST method and a job satisfaction questionnaire were used on a sample of 97 employees in the service sector in Peru. After performing the Pearson correlation using SPSS software, the hypothesis is rejected and, therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which confirms the existence of a correlation between the variables described before. An inverse and statistically significant correlation was found between the mental workload dimension of the LEST method and job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought a series of changes in people's daily activities. Among them, education was one of the most affected since there was a mandatory transition from face-to-face to virtual education, even though some educational institutions carried out this practice. Although the study centers had optimal clothing so their students could receive their classes properly, this would not necessarily be fulfilled at home, affecting their health or academic performance. Therefore, this research focuses on this problem to identify the most relevant ergonomic risk factors and their future implications through a structural analysis using the MICMAC software. It then deepens into the most critical factors and examines possible future scenarios in 5 years. The results found that the most likely scenario is where students do not maintain good ergonomic practices, and their health could be compromised. However, the following most likely scenario shows an opposite scenario, in which it is hoped that this research will serve as a basis for other studies so that the ideal scenario becomes a possible reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As machine codes evolved from programming into autocodes and assemblers and then to high-level languages, programmers' productivity rose dramatically. Modern programming languages focus on high productivity and an ergonomic interface. Yet, there are no successful programming languages that would have an intuitive interface and an ergonomic syntax. This paper presents a cognitive ergonomic approach to the syntax design of programming languages, which helps improve computer programming in terms of such criteria as language simplicity and clarity of constructs. The goal hereof is to design the structure of a novel programming language on the basis of the cognitive ergonomic approach. The result is an ergonomically structured syntax for a programming language that has all the features of state-of-the-art high-level languages. Programmers and experts in programming language interface ergonomics and human-computer interaction may find the results interesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paramedical staff of the burn unit at an University Hospital Center requested the occupational health service to find a solution to the organizational constraints and health complaints that are leading to an increase in sick leave. To evaluate working conditions and health status, propose corrective measures, encourage management to provide appropriate solutions, and monitor the implementation and impact of proposed improvements. To complete this work, it seemed useful to propose an ergonomic intervention on the working conditions of paramedical staff by analyzing the work activity in the burn units and involving the concerned staff. The health status of the paramedical staff was assessed by reviewing the medical records. This study highlighted several organizational constraints, including the work carried out by nursing assistants and public health nurses outside the scope of competencies defined by law. The lack of paramedical staff, which can impact the health of these agents and therefore work stoppages. The observation also highlighted the age of the facility and equipment. All the constraints and problems observed during our study were discussed at a meeting with the hospital management. Increasing staffing and a renovation or replacement project for the facility were the solutions proposed at the meeting. Monitoring is essential to verify the implementation of these solutions. Improving working conditions has a strong influence on the behavior of paramedical staff, their health, their work motivation, and consequently on the performance of the burn unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity and efficiency of any manufacturing process or assembly line is affected by the performance of a worker. This study aims at reducing the risks, efforts and fatigue related to an employee in an economical way. In this paper, initial ergonomics assessment, suggested improvements and their validation are presented for the disassembly and assembly phase activities; post engine testing. The activity selected was 8.9L engine teardown. Firstly, micro motion study of both the processes was carried out. Required data was then gathered by preparing various charts such as flow process chart, operation process chart, SIMO chart and using REBA-RULA techniques. Ergonomic assessment was done by determining the Risk Priority Score (RPS) using Humantech Software, performing iterations in the SIMO chart and analysing the REBA and RULA scores. As an improvement, a bracket-manipulator system was suggested for the 180° engine rotation process during the teardown activity. For this, the bracket was designed and checked for failures using SolidWorks and Ansys Workbench software respectively. Positive results were obtained during verification of the suggested solutions. The comparison of REBA and RULA scores for initial and modified processes indicated decrease in fatigue and efforts. The RPS was also found to reduce from 45 to 18 (60% reduction). The research reported in above methods could lead to enhancement of worker performance and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The masonry brick manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises SMEs contribute significantly towards the socio and economic development of the Republic of South Africa (RSA). The masonry brick manufacturing industry assists in the development of construction and is a source of income for SMEs, as well as creating employment opportunities for the uneducated, unskilled, semi and skilled human capital. However, there are productivity challenges that negate growth in productivity. The methodology proposed for the study is based on reviewing literature whereby the main question is “How do productivity improvement systems influence productivity growth of the masonry brick construction SMEs?” The study explores productivity improvement systems that can be used to improve the productivity of masonry brick SMEs. Based on the results of the review, the study recommends that the masonry brick SMEs identify latent variables that impede productivity growth within their organisations in order to attain long-term term market and financial feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents an EEG (Electroencephalography) study that explores the correlation between the EEG variation across design stages and the quality of the design outcomes. The brain activations of 33 volunteers with engineering backgrounds were recorded while performing a design task using a morphological table to develop an amphibious bike. The EEG variations from the analysing/selecting stage to the illustrating stage were analysed based on the EEG frequency band and channel sets. A significant correlation between the detail level of the design outcome and the power variation mode was observed in theta, alpha and gamma bands, each involving different channel sets. Compared to the assessment results from two evaluators, using EEG variations as a proxy of the detail level of the design outcome could reach a maximum accuracy of 0.727, precision of 0.765, and recall of 0.889. These results also provide suggestions on the selection of the frequency bands and channel sets to achieve better prediction performance according to each metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual ontological products are a physical construction and an emotional construction. Multitude of human factors must be considering when designing dual ontological products. To increase the product's impact and reach, designers should also understand the requirements of potential users. A design stage conflict exists between the emotional construction and the physical construction of a product when considering human factors. Designers find it difficult to achieve the right compromise between these constructions and hence, the balancing of the two is crucial. This research therefore contributes a novel harmonistic knowledge-based framework which makes designers aware of design stage conflicts and consequences of commitments made on human factors in the use-phase of the artefact. This approach was implemented in a machine learning based computational tool which exploits harmonistic knowledge and information collected from potential users to proactively assist, guide, and motivate product designers. This paper also presents a descriptive study for the evaluation of the framework and its implementation as a computer-based prototype tool. Results show the necessity and beneficial use of the tool for design engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many designs are "driven" by requirements that describe maximum or minimum values of high- variability variables that must be considered. In ergonomics, minima and maxima of anthropometric variables like body height shape the design of a product. Similarly, in structural design, the highest environmental loads that can be expected during the lifetime of a product drive the design. Consequently, a wide range of methods that help designers deal with extreme requirement values has been developed. In this paper, we review these methods and propose a model for the process of dealing with extreme requirement values. The model comprises two broad stages. In the first stage, requirement values are statistically defined and in the second stage, a design is synthesized and evaluated against the requirement values. Throughout the paper, we use two examples: the design of an ergonomic chair and of an offshore wind turbine. We focus on how requirement values are defined for these two products and how they are used throughout the design process. Although these products are vastly different, both are designed by statistically deriving requirement values and then systematically designing against these values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current auditory alerts for trains in Australia are subject to standards that only prescribe the maximum allowable sound pressure levels. The international standard, ISO 7731 (Ergonomics -- Danger signals for public and work areas -- Auditory danger signals), includes a more comprehensive set of requirements currently not used in Australia. However, it lacks considerations of important factors, such as urgency and psychoacoustic annoyance. Current state of research shows that both of these factors can be designed for by manipulating the temporal and spectral acoustic features of the alert. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the current sound produced by the train horns in Australia using appropriate auditory alert design criteria and proposes more effective alternative alerts. The criteria used to assess each alert was: 1. Ability to convey a higher urgency level than the sound of current horns, and 2. Degree of which the amount of annoyance sensed by the receiver is minimised such that it is the same or lower than the current horns. Assessment of each alert was conducted using a MATLAB model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jeepney is the most popular kind of public transportation in the Philippines for its accessibility and affordability. Over the years, the features of jeepneys have improved through modernization, yet there are still issues, particularly in the workstation design, that need to be addressed to reduce the vulnerability of jeepney drivers to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, the working condition of modern jeepney drivers at ABC Transport Service and Multi-Purpose Cooperative was assessed through observations with ten (10) drivers using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (focusing on the major processes involved such as driving, reaching, and payment), interviews with twenty (20) drivers using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the gathering of anthropometric measurements of thirty-seven (37) drivers. Results from RULA and REBA showed that medium risk was present, requiring further investigation to implement the necessary changes, while the NMQ results revealed that 46.11% of the drivers experienced discomfort in at least one body part, of which 46.99% of them had trouble during the last seven days prior to the interview. Spearman rank-order correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between the NMQ scores and the RULA and REBA scores of the three major positions involved--driving, reaching, and payment. The results of these assessments, as well as the anthropometric measurements of the drivers, served as the basis for creating an ergonomic design for the workstation that provides greater comfort and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]