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Within the labor literature, with its predominant focus on wage workers, self-employer workers are too often ignored and under-examined as part of the modern proletariat. However, this neglect of self-employed workers creates major blind spots in our understanding of the multiplicity of agents of social change that are engaged in class formation outside the Global North. By focusing on the overlooked self-employed tenant shopkeepers' agency in waging creative collective actions to protect their rights to their shops, my case study of Seoul presents an optimal site to analyze how the precarity caused by tenants' lack of ownership over their shops--a crucial means of production for tenant workers--can activate the formation of a new class consciousness. I examine how, in cities beyond the often-theorized and studied West, the intensifying commodification of urban space is becoming both an enduring source of inequality as well as a locus for new workers' power. In particular, I focus on the workers' ability to produce spaces to their own advantage and analyze how cities--with their density, proximity, and diversity--offer an ideal ground to fortify and amplify the workers' power that emerges from such spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary era is one of increasing tumult, uncertainty, and divergent assessments of the period's most salient dynamics. Existing research emphasizes the rise of the BRICS bloc of states, on one hand, and the rise of a transnational capitalist class on the other. Yet, only a small body of work has considered how these dynamics intersect--that is, how transnational capitalists shape, and are shaped by, inter-state competition. Moreover, existing research neglects explicitly comparative inquiries: do transnational capitalists in the global North and the global South interact with inter-state competition differently? This article explores these questions by analyzing two cases in which transnational firms in the global North and South attempted to shape state institutions at domestic and international levels to strengthen trade liberalization. Through this comparative analysis, we argue that, while firms in the global North and South increasingly share preferences for trade liberalization, the way in which these firms pursue that goal vis-à-vis states and inter-state organizations is shaped by their historical relationship to the institutions of US-led hegemony. Transnational firms in the global South seek to foment interstate competition in order to decenter US leadership, while their counterparts in the North seek to minimize and accommodate inter-state competition to preserve US leadership and their own private authority. As the agency of transnational capitalists in both the North and South rests on the production of new coalitions, both are contributing to the geographical recentring of institutional power in the world economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for the existence of social democratic development - development that occurs as a direct result of the amelioration of the income of poor people. Social democratic development can occur through many causal mechanisms, such as land reform, or by providing education or microcredit to poor people. This paper emphasizes a different mechanism of social democratic development - increasing the multiplier effect in societies. The poor are more likely to consume than the rich. Increasing household income increases the multiplier effect producing growth. The size of multipliers is estimated using the population of Leontief input-output matrices that are available for 2010. Amazingly, even though hundreds of Leontief matrices have been calculated to estimate multiplier effects in the Global North and the Global South, the findings of those matrices have never been reported. The analysis finds that Leontief multipliers for households are at least as great as those of manufacture, the traditional focus of development plans. Government, education and health also have multipliers as large as manufacture. The analysis suggests that plans to shrink government and reduce expenditure in health and education can have immediate adverse short-term effects on economic growth by eliminating the substantial multiplier spending associated with each of these sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As U.S. and Europe-based work continues to dominate the theory and study of immigrant integration, it is yet largely unknown how well migrant experiences in the Global South fit these expectations. Meanwhile, migration within and to the global South is appreciable, and the South's diverse histories, geographies and cultures make immigrant integration complex. Here, we take the specific case of a highly urbanized, economically vibrant region of South Africa, the Gauteng Province, and exploit rich cross-sectional data to examine multiple dimensions of migrant and native well-being and processes of integration. We want to understand how integration of international and internal migrants in urban South Africa fits into existing theories of migrant assimilation, and how these processes appear to be related to race. We argue that a systematic examination of individuals across categories of race, migrant status, and birthplace is necessary to better understand the significance of social and racial boundaries in urban South Africa. We find that, for the most part, both international and internal migrants experience positive socioeconomic trajectories with time in Gauteng. Race does condition socioeconomic standing and health at any point in time. For certain outcomes, international migrants--net of other controls--exhibit more optimistic trajectories. Our results lead us to consider a broad generalization of migration empirical regularities and theory, particularly the way that various indicators of integration generally improve over time and how these trajectories are conditioned--in the Global North and the Global South--by racial and ethnic context of the setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship policies have gained increasing prominence in economic development agendas in recent decades. Some policies include strategies to promote a type of economic subject that resembles the Schumpeterian entrepreneur. This article explores the historical formation, the global diffusion, and the resilience of behavioral approaches that seek to constitute entrepreneurial competencies and behaviors in the global South. Taking the Empretec as a case study, a program introduced by the United Nations to develop entrepreneurship in emerging economies, this article draws inspiration from the literatures on policy diffusion and cognitive institutional analysis to describe how behavioral approaches to entrepreneurship building came into existence, and were actively diffused throughout the global South. The article argues that the global diffusion of entrepreneurial subjects through behavioral programs involves entities and actors from different spatial-temporal orders. As time passes, behavioral approaches to entrepreneurship face increasing criticisms within academia, but the support from international governance institutions buffers these critiques and continue to legitimate an economic subject in the image created by global North scholars and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems on the part of policymakers and practitioners, and among scholars of entrepreneurship. Much of this recent scholarship concentrates on describing entrepreneurial ecosystems in the global North, with some scholars calling for a better understanding of how ecosystems form and develop. This article explores some sociological dimensions of strategic practices to develop entrepreneurial ecosystems in Brazil. Taking the Endeavor agenda as a case study, this article describes how a leading international organization catalyzes the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging economies by assembling and mobilizing an array of individuals and organizations to promote entrepreneurship. Drawing conceptual and methodological inspiration from Actor Network Theory and Performativity Studies, this study finds that much of the work involved in establishing ecosystems in the global South has to do with boundary creation of a select group of individuals, the performation of ambitious entrepreneurs, and the extensive effort to reframe institutions according to market-friendly ideals. These practices disregard and even reinforce local socioeconomic inequalities, making economic growth by high-impact entrepreneurs a feat of socially privileged individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People moving from the Global North to the Global South are driven by complementary but different motivations than migration from the South to North. By using a case of development workers moving from North to South, I offer hypotheses and preliminary evidence that North to South workers move to fulfill expectations of meaningful, service-oriented work and capitalize on potential for relative status elevation through relocation. Privileged mobility, rescue narratives and riskiness are factors that can influence decisions to migrate from North to South. This discussion provides a hypothesis and discussion that mobility acts as a path to status elevation by leveraging the human capital allotted by race and nationality status across borders. This minority flow of migrants complicates discussions on who migrates and why. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological capabilities are essential for industrial production, but these do not have to be indigenously developed. Rather, they can be learned from others. This paper identifies three market channels through which learning from others could occur: community-based interpersonal networks, (knowledge-related) commercial transactions of goods and services, and foreign direct investment. The paper argues that today the transfer of technology to industrializing countries through these channels is likely to come from the Global South rather than the Global North. The case of technology transfer to local pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda is used to illustrate these arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global North has historically been responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions through its reliance on carbon-intensive mass production and consumption. However, research has not empirically examined the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions in these countries before 1960. We seek to add to the economic growth/environment literature by assessing the temporal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1870 to 2014 using a sample of Global North nations. Using insights from regulation theory, worldsystems theory, Marxist political economy, and the growth machine literature, we find that economic growth's relationship to CO2 emissions is contingent upon the mode of development, mediated through the structure of the world economy, its dominant growth coalitions, and the primary energy sources consumed. Overall, we find a relative decoupling took place during pre- Fordism and flexible accumulation, whereas the relationship remained constant during Fordism. We conclude by arguing that that the economic growth/CO2 emissions relationship must be viewed as historically and spatially situated, and each mode of development has its own "carbon regime," which describes its relation to the carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By listening to voices of women residing in economic margins of urban Manila about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), this paper broadens conversations in health communication about a public health threat in the Global South. Drawing on Culture-Centered Approach, it explores meanings of, experiences with, and information sources for antibiotic among at risk yet rarely listened to populations. Through focus group discussions with mothers, guardians, and female senior citizens, this paper found that antibiotics had multiple meanings--from its purposes to side effects. Structures such as prescription policy and cost simultaneously enabled and limited antibiotic-related experiences. Furthermore, the primacy of doctors as information sources highlighted their role as stewards of responsible antibiotic use. Overall, this paper suggests that AMR is a shared concern located within broader constructions of health and sociomaterial realities of everyday living in the margins. Implications to AMR-related communication campaigns in the Global South are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories on mediatization have been developed in Latin America in parallel to those flourishing in the Global North production. This article analyzes the former while keeping an eye on the more available theoretical production in English speaking publications. The main part of the article covers from Eliseo Verón's initial reflections on the semantization of violence to his later development of an evolutionary approach to mediatization. The article then introduces the contributions made by Latin American researchers who have followed in Veron's wake during the last decade. The article concludes with an overview of the parallelisms between the two theoretical strands, and considers their complementarities as well as the possible exchanges between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]