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Earlier for performing army operations in enemy's place, in order to gain the knowledge about that place, there was no other scope other than blindly believing in informers guidance (although cannot give 100% guidance). Also, for exploring risky and unknown areas, other than directly stepping into the field, there was no other scope to get awareness about that place priorly. In order to overcome the above mentioned difficulties, this paper aims at providing live streaming of the bot's view to the user along with alerting intelligence using LEDs and buzzer when an obstacle isdetected or the bot's movement is restricted in all the directions in its environment by aiding the user to perceive the environment's knowledge through artificial eyes of the bot. This versatile bot is built using LabVIEW software on integration with NI myRIO. User, can control the bot's movement from very long distances without the disclosure of user information. This bot can be implemented successfully in defense, human restricted areas, deep forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed determinants of hostility and issue resolution in over 100 cases of whistleblowing in the federal government. Among the determinants investigated were the power of the whistleblower, organizational climate and rewards, and the nature of the whistleblower's claims. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An informant is someone who provides useful and credible information regarding criminal activity or other misbehavior to the police. Over the years, police agencies have relied upon citizens to be their eyes and ears, and to let them know what is happening in the community. Recently, there have been two movements in the area of police-citizen information exchanges that are of interest and concern. First, there has been a grassroots movement to discourage citizens from providing information to the police, or becoming "rats." Second, there has been an emphasis on "paid" informants who are doing work for the police in a variety of ways and for compensation that can be monetary or otherwise creative. Very little research has been done on informants and this paper begins to put the informant in its proper perspective in police work by creating a typology of informants and explaining how they work, how they are used, and how they are compensated. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do police investigators deal with the problem of maintaining a trusting relationship with an informant while remaining in control of the exchange? Most strategies allow only one side of the paradox to be respected and this typically results in lop-sided exchanges. This study investigates this issue using data from interviews conducted with police agents and informants in Quebec. Findings from this fieldwork illustrate three general scenarios of police-informant relationships. First, the police agent who emphasizes trust over control risks falling into a scenario in which the "tail is wagging the dog". Second, the police agent who weighs control over trust could diminish the quality of the relationship, resulting in an informant taking less initiative in the exchange. Third, some relationships are balanced because a third party is present. In the Quebec context, this third party came in the form of a control committee that was responsible for monitoring and arbitrating police-informant contracts. The presence of this "neutral" third party allowed police agents to retain an us/them discourse with their informants. This kept trust to a maximum (as the control committee was designated blame for certain decisions) while keeping the scope of control within the formal boundaries of the state. Conclusions address this final strategy's short term benefits as well as possible obstacles that may emerge over time. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework to understand gang activity. This study will combine perceptions of community members and law enforcement agencies about the "gang problem" in Paterson, NJ. Furthermore, a series of focus groups will be conducted with law enforcement agencies such as Parole, Police, Probation and the local Sheriff's department. In an effort to validate the data reported by the police, the study will also perform focus groups in the community with juveniles, probationers and parolees, social service agencies, active community leaders and support groups. An anonymous survey will also be administered throughout the city of Paterson in order to gain more factual information about gangs. In order to ensure that every area of Paterson is represented in the sample, the area will be divided based on police jurisdictions. The study hopes to provide the community of Paterson and law enforcement agencies, detailed information about the various gangs by collecting descriptive data from the community and law enforcement agencies. The data will be organized by creating a network analysis of the gangs and by using mapping techniques. Policy implications regarding law enforcement measures and initiatives will also be included. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]